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GCSE C+P > Whitechapel Local Study > Flashcards

Whitechapel Local Study Flashcards

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1
Q

Temporary homes

A

Majority of people had no permanent homes, whole families in one room.

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2
Q

Slum living

A

Most accommodation was like this, multiple families in one building, share facilities like water and toilets.

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3
Q

Rookeries

A

Which were densely over-populated areas filled with lodging houses.

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4
Q

Why was it easy for crime to be committed in Whitechapel?

A

Much like a maze with lots of alleyways which enabled criminals to evade detection.

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5
Q

Who normally worked in Workhouses?

A

Elderly people that were unable to work any longer, no pension.

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6
Q

Rules in Workhouse

A

Strict on what time you needed to get up, go to bed and what time you were allowed to eat.

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7
Q

How many people in a Casual Ward?

A

400

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8
Q

When would people go to the Casual Ward?

A

Somewhere to go for the night if you did not have the funds for a Doss House.

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9
Q

What happened when you arrived at the Casual Ward?

A

Expected to wash and change. Fed a nasty porridge and stale bread.

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10
Q

Hard labour in Casual Ward

A

Oakum picking, kitchen.

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11
Q

What was oakum picking?

A

Picking apart the fibres of old ropes.

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12
Q

What was the Doss House?

A

Place where you could obtain a bed for the night for a fee.

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13
Q

When was the slum clearance?

A

1876

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14
Q

What was the Peabody estate?

A

A block of flats to attract the residents of Whitechapel, offering affordable rents.

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15
Q

Advantages of Peabody estate?

A
  • each block was surrounded by a yard to improve ventilation
  • built from brick and were unplastered to prevent damp and lice living in the plaster
  • shared bathrooms and kitchens
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16
Q

What was the problems with the Peabody Estate?

A
  • rents were too high for the average Whitechapel resident to afford
  • tenants would fall behind on their rent and be kicked out onto the streets
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17
Q

Who was Charlie Booth?

A

A businessman and social reformer.

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18
Q

What was Charlie Booths method?

A

Created maps of the Whitechapel area to research the situation of poverty.

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19
Q

What were the aims of Charlie Booths maps?

A

Demonstrate how bad poverty was in the area.

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20
Q

How many new flats had been constructed by 1881 on the Peabody Estate?

A

287

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21
Q

Why did drink alcohol?

A

Way of coping with the pressures of life in Whitechapel, became alcohol dependent.

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22
Q

What was the relationship between between drink and crime?

A

Dependency on alcohol led to a rise in crime as many resorted to this to fund their needs.

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23
Q

Why was there a lot of immigrants in Whitechapel?

A

Plenty of places for people to sleep and a fair number of places offering work.

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24
Q

What work were immigrants attracted to?

A

The copious Tanneries, where leather is processed, sweatshops, slaughter houses and butchers.

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25
Q

Russian Jews

A

They fled to London in large numbers after the death of the Tsar. Fled persecution in Russia preferring a life of poverty in England.

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26
Q

Why were Russian Jews targets for prejudice?

A

The language barrier and religious rituals, resulting in them working in the worst jobs and making it hard for them to integrate into society.

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27
Q

What work did women have to do due to poverty?

A

Prostitution, was not a choice for women but rather a necessity due to the desperate situation they were in.

28
Q

Prostitutes and alcohol?

A

They would do this type of work in order for them to fund for alcohol.

29
Q

Why was prostitution dangerous?

A

Because it made the women vulnerable to crime.

30
Q

Why were Irish Catholics targeted?

A

Because of their Roman Catholic religious beliefs.

31
Q

Who where Irish Fenian groups?

A

Campaigning for Irelands independence as they were being ruled by Britain.

32
Q

What happened due to a rise in Fenian groups?

A

Bombs and explosions in the local area.

33
Q

What did criminal gangs run?

A

Protection rackets often targeting the Jewish businesses in Whitechapel.

34
Q

Who did rackets target?

A

Groups that already feared the authorities and were unlikely to challenge them.

35
Q

When was the Metropolitan Police established?

A

1829

36
Q

Who covered the policing of Whitechapel?

A

H Division

37
Q

How many police officers were there in the H Division?

A

500

38
Q

What was the population of Whitechapel?

A

176,000

39
Q

Who covered the financial district which bordered Whitechapel?

A

The City of London police

40
Q

Who controlled the Met Police?

A

Home Secretary but the day to day running of the force was down to a commissioner.

41
Q

When did Edmund Henderson hold the position of Commissioner?

A

1870-86

42
Q

What was Edmund Henderson remembered for?

A
  • responsible for reducing the standards in the force
  • reducing amount of military drill
  • allowing police officers to grow beards
  • increasing literacy standards
43
Q

When was there a scandal in the detective force and when was it established??

A

1878, established in 1842.

44
Q

What force did Henderson create?

A

Criminal Investigation Department (CID)

45
Q

When did Charles Warren become Home Secretary?

A

1886

46
Q

Who did Charles Warren replace?

A

Henry Matthews, didn’t like Warren.

47
Q

What was Warrens aim?

A

To raise standards in the police, reversing some changes made by Henderson.

48
Q

Standards to join the police

A
  • needed to be over 21 and under 32.
  • over 5’9” tall without shoes.
  • no more than two children.
  • not have any business/trade in addition to police work, their wife shouldn’t have a shop.
  • able to read and write legibly.
  • physically fit.
49
Q

Uniform for police officer

A

Deep blue coloured woollen trousers and a jacket. Top hat until 1863 (custodian), offered protection from injuries.

50
Q

Equipment for police officer

A

Oil lamp, handcuffs, a truncheon and a whistle.

51
Q

What was the main tactic of officers

A

Walk the beat

52
Q

Beat routes

A

Officers had to be at particular points along the route at certain times. Only way the Sergeant would be able to ensure that officers were safe and contactable.

53
Q

In which year was the policeman’s top hat replaced with a helmet?

A

1863

54
Q

Sketches

A

Made to add evidence from murder scenes.

55
Q

Witness statements

A

To build evidence at the scenes of crime.

56
Q

What was the main problem with witness statements?

A

People being interviewed were not reliable.

57
Q

How were alleyways a challenge?

A

A maze of alleyways and the majority of people lived in tenement buildings.

58
Q

Why were alleyways good for criminals?

A

Provided plenty of shelter for a criminal to hide and furthermore areas for crime to be committed and undetected.

59
Q

What does transient population mean?

A

People moved around from place to place which made tracking people very difficult.

60
Q

How did dosshouses make it difficult to find criminals?

A

They did not keep records of who stayed there so there was no way of knowing who was sleeping where.

61
Q

How did the media react to Jack the Ripper?

A

The newspaper sensationalised the stories and included witnesses and cartoons ridiculing the police.

62
Q

Who was George Lusk?

A

A builder from Whitechapel who felt that the policed weren’t doing enough to catch Jack the Ripper.

63
Q

What was the Vigilance Committee?

A

Local residents took matters ‘into their own hands’

64
Q

Team of the Vigilance Committee

A

Hired private detectives, offered rewards which caused more harm more good.

65
Q

How did Jack the Ripper get his nickname?

A

From a letter written to the local press.

GCSE C+P (5 decks)

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