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GCSE C+P > Early Modern England 1500-1700 > Flashcards

Early Modern England 1500-1700 Flashcards

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1
Q

Church and religion

A
  • Henry VIII became king of catholic England 1509
  • 1530s, Henry planned to change the religion in England to make it a Protestant nation
  • pope refused to allow him to divorce Catherine of Aragon
  • created Church of England, nation converted to Protestantism allowing him to marry Anne Boleyn
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2
Q

Reformation

A

Religious rollercoaster saw many being accused of being ‘in league’ with the devil, belief in supernatural became more popular.

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3
Q

The media

A
  • Pamphlets were created and circulated amongst the population, containing pictures and information
  • favourite topic was crime, witchcraft and vagabondage
  • media fuelled fear of crime by spreading ideas about the severity of crime
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4
Q

Travel and technology

A
  • rising population meant fewer jobs
  • people had to travel to find work
  • increasing concerns about beggars and travellers
  • punishments were more serous during times of poor harvest
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5
Q

Wealth and poverty

A
  • few became wealthy due to rise in population
  • majority of people lived in poverty
  • resulted in increase in crime, fear of wealthy people making crimes more severe than they were
  • poor people were vulnerable to changes
  • poor harvest caused rise in pricing, couldn’t afford food and turned to crime
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6
Q

Key individuals

A
  • Catesby, Fawkes and the gunpowder plotters planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament to kill King James I and restore England to Catholicism
  • Matthew Hopkins (witchfinder general), hunted witches in 1645-47. Persecuted people and punished those accused, spread fear of witchcraft
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7
Q

Government and law-makers

A
  • civil war was taking place
  • friction between the King and Parliament resulted in England becoming a republic until the monarchy was restored in 1660
  • many areas took the law into their own hands which lead to an increase in the numbers of people being accused of witchcraft and other crimes
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8
Q

Heresy

A

Crime of religion, believe in a different religion to your monarch.

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9
Q

Impact of the reformation on heresy

A
  • change in religion fuelled a period of uncertainty
  • Edward VI -> Protestant
  • Mary I -> catholic, took heresy very seriously, burned 284 Protestants
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10
Q

Vagabondage

A

During periods of mass unemployment there was a rise in concerns of vagabonds. Poor rates assisted them financially but some residents weren’t happy providing aid to outsiders.

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11
Q

Witchcraft effect on society

A
  • tensions between rich and poor increased
  • common scenario -> elderly person will seek help from a wealthy person, they would refuse, if something bad happened to them then elderly person was blamed
  • mumbles would mean they were muttering spells
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12
Q

Stocks and pillory

A

Still used as a method of public humiliation, those who didn’t pay a fine.

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13
Q

Whipping and flogging

A

Public humiliation and a deterrent to others.

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14
Q

Prisons

A

Those who were in debt, awaiting trial or execution.

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15
Q

Treason

A

Most serious punishment, hanging drawing and quartering.

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16
Q

House of correction

A
  • from 1550s
  • designed to punish and reform criminals
  • forced to do hard labour and were sometimes whipped
17
Q

Transportation

A
  • began in 1660s
  • taken to America
  • on large wooden ships, hulks
  • led lives in conditions similar to slavery
  • considered a soft option in comparison to slavery
18
Q

Bloody code

A
  • 1688
  • minor crimes (poaching, cutting down trees, going out at night with a blackened face) led to execution
  • 1765 -> 160 crimes
  • 1815 -> 225 crimes
19
Q

Hue and cry

A

Was still used, posse would continue the search if it failed.

20
Q

Constables

A

Main method to track down criminals and maintain law and order, part-time role by a key figure in the area.

21
Q

Why did benefit of clergy end

A

By 1600, many more people claimed the benefit of the clergy so this practice ended.

22
Q

Trial by jury

A

Continued as a method, relied on a jury made up of locals.

23
Q

Town watchmen

A
  • patrol the streets
  • day and night, arrests and detention of vagabonds and drunks
  • not that effected as they were poorly paid
  • role attracted people desperate for a job
  • were often drunk, job faced ridicule
24
Q

JPs

A

Local wealthy people took this role as it offered prestige. Enabled them to pass sentence on others, issuing fines, ordered people to be whipped or send them to the stocks and pillory. Dealt with minor crimes, met up 4 time a year for quarter sessions and had the power to sentence death.

25
Q

The army

A

Stop riots and capture organised criminal gangs, unpopular with ordinary people.

26
Q

James I

A
  • became king in 1603

- Laws were tightened and life for Catholics became difficult as these new rules were enforced harshly

27
Q

Robert Catesby

A

Created a plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament, kill King James I and replace him with a Catholic monarch.

28
Q

What The plotters did

A

13 of them, filled the basement underneath the House of Parliament with 36 barrels of gunpowder. Lord monteagle received an anonymous letter warning him to not attend state opening of parliament.

29
Q

Foiling the plot

A

Basement beneath the parliament was searched and Fawkes was arrested an tortured until he revealed the names of his fellow conspirators.

30
Q

Punishing the plotters

A

A number of the group were killed and the others returned to London for trial and were executed. The plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered, the punishment for Treason, deterrence.

31
Q

Hopkins in east anglia

A

Searched areas of east anglia for witched. He found and named 36 women and proceeded to collect evidence against them.

32
Q

Torturing witches

A

Suspects were kept awake all night to exhaust them and obtain a confession. Remain standing or forced to move around continuously.

33
Q

Familiars

A

Hopkins claimed an animal found with the accused a ‘familiar’. Considered to be created by the devil to work for the witch, sucked the blood of the witch through scars, spots or birthmarks.

34
Q

Witchcraft accusations

A
  • rise in fear due to increase of accusations

- Hopkins would be called by visages to remove witches, earned a lot of £

35
Q

When did Hopkins disappear?

A

1647

GCSE C+P (5 decks)

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