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GCSE C+P > Modern Britain 1900-Present > Flashcards

Modern Britain 1900-Present Flashcards

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1
Q

Impact of world wars

A

20th century witnessed two world wars, had an impact on: society, population and the way people lived their lives.

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2
Q

Living standards

A

Standards of living were better at the end of 20th century compared to the early 1900s. Better houses, better food and Welfare State provided protection for vulnerable people.

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3
Q

Reporting and recording crimes

A

People were happier to report crimes.

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4
Q

Why were people happier to report crimes?

A

Police force became more approachable so violent crimes were being reported more readily. Police were reporting crime more consistently so crime statistics were increasing.

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5
Q

Technology

A

Made it easier to report crime, made it appear that crime has risen.

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6
Q

Hate crimes

A

2007, victims are targeted because of their race/ sexual orientation/ religion/ disability.

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7
Q

Terrorism

A

Terrorism became a bigger threat. Religious extremist groups also carried out suicide bombing in London, many casualties.

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8
Q

Who were the IRA?

A

Irish Republican Army, carried out a number of bombings in Britain urging 70s, 80s, 90s.

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9
Q

Conscientious Objection

A

When people refused to take part in war for moral reasons. Accused with cowardice and had to attend a tribunal where they were punished.

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10
Q

Cars

A

Lead to more offences being committed. Cars are stolen, dangerously driven and people are injured in accidents frequently in Britain today.

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11
Q

Computers

A

Fraudsters now target victims using email scams to steal money from bank accounts and steal peoples’ identification.

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12
Q

Modernisation of smuggling

A

Legal items are smuggled (tobacco and alcohol) because they are cheaper to buy in other areas of Europe. Air travel has made this easier, harder to detect. Immigrants also smuggled in as they aren’t allowed to enter the country through legal channels.

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13
Q

Support for police officers

A
  • before 1900 -> walked the beat and had a whistle

- every officer carries pepper spray/ CS Gas for serious situations

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14
Q

Identifying crime suspects

A

CCTV used to prevent crime and identify suspects. Fingerprints and DNA testing.

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15
Q

When did police start using fingerprints?

A

1901

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16
Q

When was the first murder conviction using DNA?

A

1988

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17
Q

When was the two-way radio introduced for the police force?

A

1930

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18
Q

When were neighbourhood watches introduced?

A

1982

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19
Q

What were neighbourhood watches?

A

Enabled areas to assist in reporting crime and being vigilant regarding suspicious behaviour.

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20
Q

How long did new recruits have to undertake training?

A

14 weeks at National Police Training College.

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21
Q

When were women allowed to join the police force?

A

1920

22
Q

What is the Police National Computer and when was established?

A

1974, central database for all information like fingerprints, vehicle registrations and missing people.

23
Q

When did solitary confinement end?

A

1922

24
Q

When were open prisons introduced?

A

1933

25
Q

When were suspended sentences created?

A

1967

26
Q

When community service introduced?

A

1972

27
Q

What was community service?

A

Between 40 and 300 hours of unpaid work to benefit their community.

28
Q

When were electronic tag?

A

1990

29
Q

What were electronic tags?

A

Enabled courts and the police to track the movements of offenders and to place curfews on them.

30
Q

Young offenders in Victorian Britain

A

Very harsh, viewed as juvenile delinquents and forced to do hard labour.

31
Q

Borstals

A

Introduced to encourage reforms, similar to extremely strict boarding school.

32
Q

When did borstals end?

A

1982

33
Q

Youth detention centres

A

Designed to offer a short, sharp, shock to those detained within them.

34
Q

Why didn’t youth detention centres work?

A

The programme of military drill and strict discipline did not work as planned and re-offending rates increased.

35
Q

Youth courts

A

Aim of preventing a young person resorting to a life of crime.

36
Q

When did public execution end?

A

1868

37
Q

When did the British government abolish the death penalty except for murder?

A

1957

38
Q

When was Declaration of Human Rights issued?

A

1984 by United Nations

39
Q

What did the Declaration of Human Rights state?

A

‘Everyone has a right to life’

40
Q

When was capital punishment abolished for all crimes except treason in times of war?

A

1965.

41
Q

Last execution?

A

Ruth Ellis in 1955

42
Q

When was Derek Bentley executed?

A

1953

43
Q

Conscription

A

All men between 18-41 were required to volunteer to be part of the army.

44
Q

Conscientious objectors

A

Refused to fight mainly on moral grounds.

45
Q

How many men were conscientious objectors? (WWI)

A

16,000

46
Q

What happened to conscientious objectors? (WWI)

A

Accused of cowardice, made to wear a white feather,sometimes beaten in the streets.

47
Q

What happened to convicted conscientious objectors? (WWI)

A

Tribunals to hear their cases, sent to prisons where they undertook hard labour and a long sentence.

48
Q

What happened conscientious objectors? (WWII)

A

Found alternative non-combat roles, working on farms.

49
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

1916

50
Q

Why was Derek Bentley killed?

A

Murder of a police officer

51
Q

Why was there controversy over Bentleys punishment?

A

He suffered from epilepsy and severe learning difficulties, as a result, he struggled to find work and make friends.

52
Q

What did Bentley and Chris Craig do?

A

Burgling a warehouse in London. Craig was carrying a gun, Bentley a knife. Police officer caught them and asked for the weapons but Craig shot him.

GCSE C+P (5 decks)

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