Modern Britain 1900-Present Flashcards
Impact of world wars
20th century witnessed two world wars, had an impact on: society, population and the way people lived their lives.
Living standards
Standards of living were better at the end of 20th century compared to the early 1900s. Better houses, better food and Welfare State provided protection for vulnerable people.
Reporting and recording crimes
People were happier to report crimes.
Why were people happier to report crimes?
Police force became more approachable so violent crimes were being reported more readily. Police were reporting crime more consistently so crime statistics were increasing.
Technology
Made it easier to report crime, made it appear that crime has risen.
Hate crimes
2007, victims are targeted because of their race/ sexual orientation/ religion/ disability.
Terrorism
Terrorism became a bigger threat. Religious extremist groups also carried out suicide bombing in London, many casualties.
Who were the IRA?
Irish Republican Army, carried out a number of bombings in Britain urging 70s, 80s, 90s.
Conscientious Objection
When people refused to take part in war for moral reasons. Accused with cowardice and had to attend a tribunal where they were punished.
Cars
Lead to more offences being committed. Cars are stolen, dangerously driven and people are injured in accidents frequently in Britain today.
Computers
Fraudsters now target victims using email scams to steal money from bank accounts and steal peoples’ identification.
Modernisation of smuggling
Legal items are smuggled (tobacco and alcohol) because they are cheaper to buy in other areas of Europe. Air travel has made this easier, harder to detect. Immigrants also smuggled in as they aren’t allowed to enter the country through legal channels.
Support for police officers
- before 1900 -> walked the beat and had a whistle
- every officer carries pepper spray/ CS Gas for serious situations
Identifying crime suspects
CCTV used to prevent crime and identify suspects. Fingerprints and DNA testing.
When did police start using fingerprints?
1901
When was the first murder conviction using DNA?
1988
When was the two-way radio introduced for the police force?
1930
When were neighbourhood watches introduced?
1982
What were neighbourhood watches?
Enabled areas to assist in reporting crime and being vigilant regarding suspicious behaviour.
How long did new recruits have to undertake training?
14 weeks at National Police Training College.
When were women allowed to join the police force?
1920
What is the Police National Computer and when was established?
1974, central database for all information like fingerprints, vehicle registrations and missing people.
When did solitary confinement end?
1922
When were open prisons introduced?
1933
