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Crime and Punishment > Whitechapel > Flashcards

Whitechapel Flashcards

1
Q

Where was Whitechapel situated?

A

To the east of London

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2
Q

How were lodging houses like in Whitechapel

A

lodgers paid a nightly fee for a bed and access to a kitchen. Most of the population lived here

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3
Q

What were rookeries?

A

They were the slum area of Whitechapel, extremely overcrowded + poor sanitation

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4
Q

What was the Peabody estate?

A
  • An attempt to improve housing in Whitechapel
  • George Peabody Estate paid for 11 blocks of flats
  • Un-plastered walls
  • Rents were too high
  • Opened in 1881
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5
Q

What are the different types of sources?

OLD BAILEY WAS LONDON’S MOST IMPORTANT COURT

A
  • Old Bailey Court reports : you can see patterns of criminal activity, tells us a lot of types crime in Whitechapel
  • Census : only takes place every 10 years, show the population + people in it
  • Local Newspapers: Gives info abt a specific area
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6
Q

What was flower+ dean street?

A
  • A well know rookery

- Lots if ‘doss houses’

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7
Q

Why didn’t people just leave Whitechapel?

A
  • Lots of job opportunities for men
  • Pay was 6 to 12 shillings every week
  • More opportunities for those who could not work to earn money eg prostitution
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8
Q

What were workhouses used for?

A
  • Last resort for the poor

- Offered bed + food in return for hard labour

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9
Q

Who was Charles Booth?

A
  • A businessman who was interested in poverty

- Produced a series of maps to show how poor each area was

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10
Q

Who were the Irish immigrants?

A
  • Irish left Ireland for USA but ended up in London
  • Most could only live in the least expensive parts of London
  • Had a reputation for being associated with terrorism = Fenians
  • They dominated many of the docks
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11
Q

Who were the Jewish immigrants?

A
  • They came form Russia
  • Cultural barriers
  • Language barriers
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12
Q

Who were the socialists?

A

They wanted the end of Capitalism

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13
Q

Who were the anarchists?

A

They opposed organised government

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14
Q

What tensions were there in Whitechapel?

A
  • Tensions between immigrants + local population
  • violence against Jews
  • ‘foreigners’ were blamed for many crimes
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15
Q

Who were the police recruits for the met?

A
  • Most came from outside of London ( countryside)
  • Good pay
  • Some had been soldiers
  • Were directly under the control of the Home Secretary
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16
Q

Who was the ‘beat’ constable?

A
  • Patrolling a set route of streets to deter criminals from committing crime
  • Break up fights
  • Arrest suspects
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17
Q

Who was Sir Charles Warren + why was he important?

A
  • Former army general was appointed Met commissioner in 1886
  • Banned a planned protest in Trafalgar square
  • Protestors ignored= deployed thousands of police
  • J struck, Warren couldn’t catch him, cost him his job
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18
Q

What were attitudes to the police like?

A
  • Police still had people’s trust in some areas
  • Trafalgar Square incident lost some respect
  • People were ‘against’ the met
19
Q

Who was sir Edmund Henderson?

A
  • Head of met police in 1870

- Made reforms= allowed police to vote in elections

20
Q

When did the Irish fenians terrorists explode bomb + where?

A

1884-85

Damages the House of Parliament

21
Q

What was the beat routine?

A
  • During the day 30 min
  • During the night 15mi
  • Usually travelled beat alone unless in dangerous area
  • After a month police moved to another beat to prevent corruption
22
Q

What were some problems with policing in Whitechapel?

A
  • The environment= dark, narrow alleys+ packed with people
  • Prostitution= women in desperate situations, vulnerable to violence
  • Alcohol= more crimes, pubs sold strong alcohol
  • Gangs= ‘Besarbian gang’ threatened Jewish businesses, employed people to commit crime, demanded protection money
  • Violent demonstrations= demanding higher wages for their working hours
  • Immigrants
23
Q

What was the Whitechapel vigilance committee 1888?

A
  • Set up by George Lusk due to the lack of progress in catching the ‘Ripper murderer’
  • Offered a reward for the information
  • Patrolled the streets every night with torches
  • Disrupted police investigation + sending them false leads
24
Q

What were ‘sweated trades’?

A
  • Tailoring, shoe-making + making matches

- The sweatshops= small, dusty, long hours + low wages

25
Q

Where did Whitechapel residents find work?

A
  • Railway construction
  • Labourers In London docks
  • Bell foundry- factory
26
Q

Why were the workhouses set up?

A
  • Set up early 19th century
  • Part of poor relief system
  • Last resort as terrible conditions
  • Conditions deliberately made worse
27
Q

What was life like in the workhouses?

A
  • Tough manual labour
  • Uniform
  • Families were split up + punished for trying to talk to each other
  • Vagrants stayed 1 or 2 nights, held separately from other residents
28
Q

How did Dr Thomas Barnado help children avoid the workhouse?

A
  • Schooled children whose parents died
  • In 1870 he opened an orphanage for boys
  • Later opened one for girls
29
Q

Between what dates were the ripper murders committed?

A

31 August-9 November 1888 5 women were murdered in a similar way

30
Q

Who was the Rippers first victim?

A
  • Mary Nicholas, 31st August
  • Prostitute
  • Throat had been cut open
31
Q

Who was the the Rippers second vicitim?

A
  • Annie Chapman, 8 September
  • Found near some steps in George’s yard
  • Been strangles, throat cut
  • Intestines pulled out of her body
32
Q

Who were the victims of the Ripper’s double killing?

A
  • Elizabeth Stride + Catherine Eddowes, 30 September
  • Stride throat was cut
  • Eddowes body mutliated, face had been cut, nose missing
  • Women were a walk away from each other
33
Q

Who was the Rippers last victim?

A
  • Mary Kelly, 9th November
  • Found in her room
  • Parts of her body strewn across the room
34
Q

Why did the killer became known as Jack the Ripper?

A

Police received an anonymous letter, signed Jack the Ripper

35
Q

What Is the link between Whitechapel’s environment + crime?

A
  • Low income levels meant stealing for those desperate to avoid the workhouses
  • Unreliable work led to ‘spare time’ = alcohol
  • Overcrowding led to tensions between residents
  • High levels of prostitution, violence on women
36
Q

How did the police use careful observation?

A
  • Took detailed notes+ make sure no one disturbed the crime scene until notes takes
  • Bruises + marks decided how the ripper killed his victims
37
Q

How did the police use photography and sketches?

A
  • Took pictures after death
  • Doctors made sketches of the body
  • Used to identify victim
38
Q

How did the police use autopsy?

A
  • Body temp taken - shows the time of death
  • Newspapers reported them
  • Ripper thought to be left handed
39
Q

How did the Police use interviews?

A
  • Questioned People who lived near where the bodies were found
  • Printed hand bills + posters for the people of Whitechapel
40
Q

How did the police identify suspects?

A
  • Took notes given by witness
  • Could be made up= people tend to forget
  • Took time to not + follow up
  • Blood hounds
  • Criminal profiles
  • Mug shots
41
Q

How did the media make it more difficult for the police to investigate the ripper case?

A
  • Full of criticism

- Lots of ideas on how to catch the ripper

42
Q

What was sensationalism?

A
  • Ripper cases= great story for press
  • Fierce competition
  • Printed ideas that weren’t true / exaggerated
  • Cartoons made situation worse
43
Q

What was the rival between the Met and the city police of London ( the police that managed the centre of London)?

A
  • Each force wanted to solve the crime before the other = competition
  • Met police force main station set up in Scotland Yard

Crime and Punishment (4 decks)

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