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Crime and Punishment > 1900-present Modern Britan > Flashcards

1900-present Modern Britan Flashcards

1
Q

How has smuggling changed from the last period?

A
  • There is now human trafficking
  • drugs are bought into the country illegally
  • Legal smuggling= alcohol + tobacco
  • Become a multi million pound industry
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2
Q

What kind of car crimes exist?

A
  • Driving whilst doing drugs
  • Driving without insurance/certificate/valid licence
  • Speeding
  • Ignoring traffic lights
  • Driving whilst on a phone
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3
Q

What is cybercrime + how has it changed?

A
  • Crime committed over the internet
  • Theft or online fraud
  • Change= the amount of people being robbed at the same time
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4
Q

How did society change in this period?

A
  • Multicultural + different races and religions

- More equal= women have more of a say

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5
Q

What is a race crime?

A

A crime committed against someone because of their race, religion or sexuality

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6
Q

How has murder changed?

A

Many crimes used to be commîtes in the spur of the moment, nowadays it’s planned out

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7
Q

How has terrorism changed?

A
  • GPP was an old form of terrorism
  • Nuclear weapons
  • July 7th 2005 Al Qaeda attacked central London/ put bomb in underground trains+a bus. 52 died, 800injured
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8
Q

How has theft changed?

A
  • Shoplifting

- Many items put on display = more tempting

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9
Q

Drug crimes

A
  • Taking + suppling some drugs are illegal

- Classified according to how dangerous they are

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10
Q

When was the abortion act + what did it state?

A
  • 1967

- Decriminalised abortions in certain situations eg. Mother was at risk

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11
Q

When was the sexual offense act + what did it state?

A
  • 1967

- Decriminalised homosexuality for men over 21

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12
Q

When was the race relations act + what did it state?

A
  • 1968

- illegal to discriminate against someone because of their race + ethnicity

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13
Q

When was the criminal justice act + what did it state?

A
  • 2005

- Allowed more severe sentences for hate crimes

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14
Q

When was the racial and religious hatred act + what did it state?

A
  • 2006

- Made spreading racial or religious hatred a crime

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15
Q

Who are conscientious objectors?

A

People who have religious, moral or political objections to war, for a short time it became a crime

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16
Q

What is conscription?

A

Law that states, everyone who is asked to, is fit and healthy, has to fight in the armed forces

17
Q

When were conscription laws introduced in Britain?

A

WWI + WW2

18
Q

What was the military service act?

A
  • Act introduced conscription
  • In 1916
  • All single men between 18-41 had to enlist
19
Q

In the First World War how were conscientious objectors treated by the authorities?

A
  • 1600 men refused to fight
  • Only 400 were given exemption
  • ‘Alternatives’ were given non compact roles = medical etc.
  • ‘Absolutists’ were imprisoned,given brutal treatment+hard labour
20
Q

In the Second World War how were conscientious objectors treated by the authorities?

A
  • Conscription introduced again in 1939
  • Over 60000 men + women refused to fight
  • They were only sent to prison as a last resort
  • Many were given complete/ partial exemption
  • People who were given partial exemption were given non-com act roles
21
Q

How were conscientious objectors treated by the general public?

A
  • Cowards + Traitors
  • Some were physically abused
  • In WW1 ‘The order of the white feather’ was a women organisation
  • They handed out whit feathers= symbolised cowardice
22
Q

What are some changes in policing?

A
  • Motorised transport= helps reach crimes faster
  • Some police are armed
  • Modern police contain women + officers from different ethnic group
23
Q

Give some examples of special police units

A
  • National crime agency (NCA): set up in 2013, deals with serious organised crimes eg, illegal trafficking
  • Economic crime unit: investigates fraud cases
  • Police central e-crime Unit (PCeU): deals with cyber crimes
  • Special branch: works with the M15, arrests enemies of the UK
  • Dog handling unit: use dogs to locate +retrieve evidence
24
Q

What is neighbourhood watch?

A
  • Members of the community report suspicious behaviour to police
  • Set up in 1982
  • Uses to reduce fear of crime
25
Q

Who are PCSO’s

A
  • Police community support officers

- Works on stopping anti-social behaviour

26
Q

How has science + technology changed policing methods?

A
  • Fingerprints / blood analysis(DNA)
  • Communications through radio
  • CCTV
  • Computer records
27
Q

When was derek Bentley hanged for murder+ why was it significant?

A

28th Jan 1953

Played a part in the decision to abolish the death penalty

28
Q

What problems did Derek Bentley have + why was he arrested?

A
  • Had learning disabilities = epilepsy
  • Him + Christopher Craig were caught burgling a warehouse
  • Caught by DC Fairfax
29
Q

What did Bentley famously say?

A

“Let him have it Craig” and shot Fairfax in the shoulder (Craig did)
He didn’t resists or fire the shot (Bentley)

30
Q

Why was Craig put into prison?

A

He was under the age of 18

31
Q

What was the significance of Bentley’s case?

A
  • Highlighted vast differences in punishment for murder

- Increased no. Of people who didn’t thing death was a fair punishment

32
Q

What was the public + Parliament reactions to Bentley’s case?

A
  • People felt a lot of sympathy as many didn’t support the death penalty
  • He was pardoned in 1993
33
Q

When was Capital punishment abolished + why?

A
  • 1998
  • Ideas abt punishment was changing
  • Redorm + paying back society
  • Controversial cases aka Bentley
34
Q

How has prisons changed?

A
  • Different prisons for different types of criminals
  • Since 1907 prisoners have been released on probation
  • Hard labour was abolished in 1948
  • ‘Borstals’ set up in 1902: like strict boarding schools, use for people under the age of 18. Abolished in 1982
35
Q

What are some new punishments?

A
  • Community sentences : working on community projects unpaid work
  • Electronic tagging: offenders wear this to track their location, in 1990

Crime and Punishment (4 decks)

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