1900-present Modern Britan Flashcards
How has smuggling changed from the last period?
- There is now human trafficking
- drugs are bought into the country illegally
- Legal smuggling= alcohol + tobacco
- Become a multi million pound industry
What kind of car crimes exist?
- Driving whilst doing drugs
- Driving without insurance/certificate/valid licence
- Speeding
- Ignoring traffic lights
- Driving whilst on a phone
What is cybercrime + how has it changed?
- Crime committed over the internet
- Theft or online fraud
- Change= the amount of people being robbed at the same time
How did society change in this period?
- Multicultural + different races and religions
- More equal= women have more of a say
What is a race crime?
A crime committed against someone because of their race, religion or sexuality
How has murder changed?
Many crimes used to be commîtes in the spur of the moment, nowadays it’s planned out
How has terrorism changed?
- GPP was an old form of terrorism
- Nuclear weapons
- July 7th 2005 Al Qaeda attacked central London/ put bomb in underground trains+a bus. 52 died, 800injured
How has theft changed?
- Shoplifting
- Many items put on display = more tempting
Drug crimes
- Taking + suppling some drugs are illegal
- Classified according to how dangerous they are
When was the abortion act + what did it state?
- 1967
- Decriminalised abortions in certain situations eg. Mother was at risk
When was the sexual offense act + what did it state?
- 1967
- Decriminalised homosexuality for men over 21
When was the race relations act + what did it state?
- 1968
- illegal to discriminate against someone because of their race + ethnicity
When was the criminal justice act + what did it state?
- 2005
- Allowed more severe sentences for hate crimes
When was the racial and religious hatred act + what did it state?
- 2006
- Made spreading racial or religious hatred a crime
Who are conscientious objectors?
People who have religious, moral or political objections to war, for a short time it became a crime
What is conscription?
Law that states, everyone who is asked to, is fit and healthy, has to fight in the armed forces
When were conscription laws introduced in Britain?
WWI + WW2
What was the military service act?
- Act introduced conscription
- In 1916
- All single men between 18-41 had to enlist
In the First World War how were conscientious objectors treated by the authorities?
- 1600 men refused to fight
- Only 400 were given exemption
- ‘Alternatives’ were given non compact roles = medical etc.
- ‘Absolutists’ were imprisoned,given brutal treatment+hard labour
In the Second World War how were conscientious objectors treated by the authorities?
- Conscription introduced again in 1939
- Over 60000 men + women refused to fight
- They were only sent to prison as a last resort
- Many were given complete/ partial exemption
- People who were given partial exemption were given non-com act roles
How were conscientious objectors treated by the general public?
- Cowards + Traitors
- Some were physically abused
- In WW1 ‘The order of the white feather’ was a women organisation
- They handed out whit feathers= symbolised cowardice
What are some changes in policing?
- Motorised transport= helps reach crimes faster
- Some police are armed
- Modern police contain women + officers from different ethnic group
Give some examples of special police units
- National crime agency (NCA): set up in 2013, deals with serious organised crimes eg, illegal trafficking
- Economic crime unit: investigates fraud cases
- Police central e-crime Unit (PCeU): deals with cyber crimes
- Special branch: works with the M15, arrests enemies of the UK
- Dog handling unit: use dogs to locate +retrieve evidence
What is neighbourhood watch?
- Members of the community report suspicious behaviour to police
- Set up in 1982
- Uses to reduce fear of crime
Who are PCSO’s
- Police community support officers
- Works on stopping anti-social behaviour
How has science + technology changed policing methods?
- Fingerprints / blood analysis(DNA)
- Communications through radio
- CCTV
- Computer records
When was derek Bentley hanged for murder+ why was it significant?
28th Jan 1953
Played a part in the decision to abolish the death penalty
What problems did Derek Bentley have + why was he arrested?
- Had learning disabilities = epilepsy
- Him + Christopher Craig were caught burgling a warehouse
- Caught by DC Fairfax
What did Bentley famously say?
“Let him have it Craig” and shot Fairfax in the shoulder (Craig did)
He didn’t resists or fire the shot (Bentley)
Why was Craig put into prison?
He was under the age of 18
What was the significance of Bentley’s case?
- Highlighted vast differences in punishment for murder
- Increased no. Of people who didn’t thing death was a fair punishment
What was the public + Parliament reactions to Bentley’s case?
- People felt a lot of sympathy as many didn’t support the death penalty
- He was pardoned in 1993
When was Capital punishment abolished + why?
- 1998
- Ideas abt punishment was changing
- Redorm + paying back society
- Controversial cases aka Bentley
How has prisons changed?
- Different prisons for different types of criminals
- Since 1907 prisoners have been released on probation
- Hard labour was abolished in 1948
- ‘Borstals’ set up in 1902: like strict boarding schools, use for people under the age of 18. Abolished in 1982
What are some new punishments?
- Community sentences : working on community projects unpaid work
- Electronic tagging: offenders wear this to track their location, in 1990
