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Anatomy and Embryology CNS > White Matter > Flashcards

White Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

Language pathway, connecting temporal, parietal and inferior frontal lobes, linking the receptive Wernicke’s and the expressive Broca’s speech centers

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2
Q

Uncinate fasciculus

A

Connecting mesial temporal structures within the orbitofrontal cortex and frontal pole

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3
Q

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

A

Major fronto-parietal connection, visuospatial, reaching grasping, SLF I, II and III

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4
Q

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

A

Connects the temporal and occipital lobes merges with the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF)

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5
Q

Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus

A

Longest association tract . Frontal lobe to occipital lobe

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6
Q

Frontal aslant tract

A

Inferior frontal gyrus (lateral) to the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the Superior frontal gurys (medial).

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7
Q

What is the role of commissural fibers?

A

Cross midline to connect the two cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

Name the main commissural fibers

A

Corpus callosum
Anterior Commissure
Hippocampal commissure
Posterior commisure

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9
Q

Name the parts of the Corpus Callosum from anteriorly to posteriorly

A

Rostrum, genu, body, isthmus, splenium

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10
Q

What is the lamina terminalis ?

A

The most rostral aspect of the early neural tube and anterior neuropore

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11
Q

What does the line of Talairach-Tournoux connect?

A

A line through AC-PC

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12
Q

What are the three types of white matter fibers?

A
  1. Projection fibers (ascending or descending)
  2. Commisural fibers (corpus callosum)
  3. Association fibers (connecting cortex of the same hemisphere)
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13
Q

In a FA/direction DTI map which fibers are blue, green and red?

A 
Blue = foot to head
Red = Right to left 
Green = Anterior to posterior
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14
Q

Which tracts make up the Pyramidal tract?

A 
Corticospinal tract (muscles of the body)
Corticobulbar tract (muscles of the head)
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15
Q

Name the projection tracks

A
  • Pyramidal tract
  • Corticopontine tract
  • Brainstem tract (medial lemniscus)
  • Optic radiation
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16
Q

Corticobulbar tract

A

Fibers from the lateral frontal lobe (motor cortex), go to the brainstem where the innervate the nuclei of the cranial nerves. All bilateral innervation except facial and hypoglossal nerves unilatera!

17
Q

Describe connection of Optic radiation

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex (geniculocalcarine tract)

18
Q

Name a complication of temporal lobe Epilepsy surgery

A

Post-operative visual field defects in 50-100%

19
Q

Name the parts of the optic radiation

A

Posterior, central and anterior bundles

20
Q

what is the Meyer’s loop?

A

Part of the anterior bundle of the optic radiation which curves around the temporal horn

21
Q

Does DTI show lateral fibers of the corpus callosum?

A

No DTI , can only show medial fibers

22
Q

In anterior or posterior callosal disconnection the symptoms can be often subclinical?

A

Anterior (genu, ant body)

23
Q

What functions are projected more posteriorly in the corpus callosum?

A

Auditory and visual

24
Q

Which association tracts are associated with language ?

A

SLF/Arcuate fasciculus
Uncinate Fasciculus
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
Frontal Aslant Tract

25
Q

what is the safe distance between a tract and a tumour on DTI?

A

> 1cm. If the tract is less than 1cm away from the tumour then needs electrical stimulation

26
Q

Operative electrical stimulation (mapping )or DTI is more accurate?

A

Operative mapping is the gold standard

27
Q

Depending on the location what will a lesion cause

if in Broca’s area? Wernicke’s area? Arcuate fasciculus?

A

Broca’s: Expressive aphasia
Wernicke’s :Receptive aphasia
AF: Conduction aphasia

28
Q

Isotropic diffusion

Anisotropic diffusion

A

Like a ball (all directions)

Like a rugby ball (specific direction of fibers)

29
Q

What is FA?

A

Fractional Anisotropy Map

30
Q

what is the role of Projection fibers

A

Connect cortex with other parts of the CNS

31
Q

Is the corticospinal tract purely motor?

A

No receives 30% of fibers from post central gyrus (sensory)

32
Q

Modern model of language pathway

A

Ventral :semantic: anterior middle TL speech comprehension Bilateral
Dorsal: Phonological: sensorimotor Dominant

33
Q

Lateralisation of AF and Frontal Aslant tracts

A

Left-lateralised

Anatomy and Embryology CNS (22 decks)

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