Brainstem & Cerebellum

Question 1

How many layers does the cerebellar cortex have?

Lobes of cerebellum

How many lobules?

Answer 1

3 layers

3 lobes : anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

10 lobules (I-X)

Question 2

What devides the anterior from the posterior lobe?

Answer 2

Primary fissure

Question 3

Names and relations of cerebellar peduncles

Answer 3

Superior - Midbrain

Middle - Pons

Inferior - Medulla Oblongata

Question 4

Which are the deep nuclei of the cerebellum?

What is the nucleus interpositum?

Answer 4

• Dentate
• Emboliform
• Globose
• Fastigial

Emboliform + Globose

Question 5

Embryology of cerebellum

Answer 5

From Rhombenephalon ->Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

From Metencephalon: Pons and cerebellum

From Myelenephalon: Medula Oblongata

Question 6

What is called the Tree of Life?

Answer 6

Cerebellar White matter

Question 7

Describe findings in Rhombencephalosynapsis

Answer 7

• Fusion of borh cerebellar hemispheres
• Complete or partial agenesis of vermis
• May be associated with cerebral anomalies

Question 8

Findings in Macrocerebellum

Answer 8

• Thickening of the cerebellar cortex
• Hypotonia,ataxia,eye movement disorders
• Optic atrophy

Question 9

What is the evolutionary division of the cerebellum?

Answer 9

Paleocerebellum - Anterior lobe

Neocerebellum - Posterior lobe

Archicerebellum - Flocculonodular lobe

Question 10

Vestibulocerebellum (Archicerebellum)

Answer 10

Flocculonodular + Fastigial Nuclei

Balance and gait

Postural maintenance

Question 11

Spinocerebellum (Paleocerebellum)

Answer 11

Vermis + Globose +Emboliform Nuclei

Coordination of body and limb movements

Proprioception

Adjucting future movement

Question 12

Cerebrocerebellum (Neocerebellum)

Answer 12

Cerebellar Hemispheres + Dentate

Cognitive functions

Evaluation of sensory information

Muscle coordination

Question 13

Parts of brainstem

Answer 13

• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla Oblongata

Question 14

Parts of the braistem tectum

Answer 14

• Quadrigeminal plate
• Superior medullary vellum
• Inferior medullary vellum

Question 15

Parts of brainstem tegmentum

Basis

Answer 15

• Dorsal layer: cranial nerve nuclei
• Ventral layer: Nuclei, Subtantia nigra, Red nucleus, Inferior olivary nucleus
• Pyramidal tracts
• Pontine nuclei

Question 16

Parts of the Tectal plate

Answer 16

Superior colliculus - vision

Inferior colliculus - Auditory

Question 17

Substantia nigra function

Answer 17

Motor function

Emotion

Question 18

Red nucleus function

Answer 18

Motor function

Question 19

Location of CN3, CN4 nuclei

Answer 19

Dorsal midbrain anteriorly to aqueduct

Question 20

Cranial nerve nuclei in the pons

Answer 20

CN5, CN6, CN7, CN8

Question 21

Which nucleus located at the facial colliculus?

Answer 21

CN6

Question 22

Findings in tegmental cap dysplasia

Answer 22

Flattened ventral pons

Hypoplastic middle cerebellar peduncles

Cap covering dorsal pons

Absence of transverse pontine fibers

Question 23

Which nuclei in the Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 23

CN9 - 12

Question 24

Functions medulla oblongata

Answer 24

• Cardiac
• Respiratory
• Vasomotor

Question 25

Cuneate nucleus

Gracile nucleus

Answer 25

Fine touch proprioception >T6

Fine touch proprioception

Question 26

Exit of CN12?

Exit of CN9-11

Answer 26

Pre-olivary groove

Post-olivary groove

Question 27

Guillain Mollaret Triangle?

Answer 27

Red nucleus

Inferior olivary nucleus

Contralateral dentate nucleus