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Anatomy and Embryology CNS > Embryology Neck > Flashcards

Embryology Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Embryology of thyroglossal duct ?

A

3rd week, FORAMEN CECUM develops between anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue. Then develops into Thyroid GLAND. The latter dives into the neck and creates this DUCT. Process ends 7th week

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2
Q

TGD in relation with hypoid bone?

A

Usually in the midline, but infrahyoid the duct can move off midline

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3
Q

Types of cells in the TGD?

and

How is TGD cyst formed ?

A

Walls lymphoid and epithelial cells and stick to each other by third trimester duct gone

It is filled with mucus from epithelial cells.

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4
Q

Complications of a congenital cyst?

A

Infection -> Respiratory tract -> Cyst
Inflammation more mucus
If the cyst bursts -> Discharging sinus (fistula)

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5
Q

Where is ectopic thyroid located?

A

Remains in the residual duct

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6
Q

What is the pharyngeal apparatus?

Contents of each arch?

A

Pairs of branhcia/pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts

Artery, nerve and cartilage

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7
Q

Embryology of the arches, pouches and clefts

A

Arches: Mesoderm
Pouches: Endoderm
Clefts: Ectoderm

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8
Q

How many arches?

A

1-6 but 5 either doesn’t form or regresses immediately

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9
Q

Function of 1st Paryngeal Arch?

Function of 2nd Paryngeal Arch?

A

Chewing

Facial expressions

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10
Q

Nerves of 1st Pharyngeal Arch

Bones 1st Pharyngeal Arch

A

Nerves:
Trigeminal n. CN5
Mandibular n. V3

Bones: Mandible, Zygomatic bone, Maxilla, Incus, Malleus

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11
Q

Muscles 1st Pharyngeal Arch

A

Chewing muscles: Temporalis, Pterygoid, Masseter

Swallowing : Tensor veli palatini, Mylohyoid muscles and ANTERIOR Belly digastric
+
Tensor tympani

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12
Q

Origin of the post belly of digastric mucle?

A

2nd Pharyngeal Arch

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13
Q

Nerves and bone 2nd Pharyngeal Arch?

A

Facial N.

Hyoid bone, styloid process, stapes

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14
Q

Embryology of the ossicles?

A

Upper part malleus - incus = 1st Arch
Lower part malleus - incus and staple = 2nd Arch
BUT FOOTPLATE of stapes from otic capsule (inner ear)

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15
Q

Muscles 2nd Pharyngeal arch?

A

Sound and swallowing

Post belly digastric and stapedial muscle

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16
Q

Origin of tensor tympani muscle?

Origin of stapedius muscle?

A

1st Arch

2nd Arch

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17
Q

Muscles, nerve, bones 3rd Arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus m.
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Hyoid bone

18
Q

Function and derivatives of 4 and 6th Pharyngeal Arches?

A

Everything we need to speak!

Vagus nerve
Superior Laryngeal n. 4th arch
Recurrent Laryngeal n. 6th arch

Laryngeal Cartilage
Muscles of Larynx, pharynx and mouth

19
Q

Derivatives of 1st Pharyngeal Cleft?

A

Helps form EAR
EAC
Ear Drums

20
Q

What is the location of a First Branchial Cleft cyst?

A

From EAC to angle of mandible

21
Q

What is the most common location of a second branchial cleft cyst?

A

Anteromedially to SCM, laterally to carotid and posteriorly to submandibular . Type II most common

22
Q

What are the derivatives of the 1st Pharyngeal Pouch?

A

Cavity that forms IAM and Eustachian tube

23
Q

2nd Pharyngeal pouch?

A

Primitive tonsils

24
Q

Which malformations often come together?

A

Middle and external ear

25
Q

What is the importance of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches?

A

Calcium regulation
3rd primitive thymus
4th parafollicular cells of thyroid gland

26
Q

What is the origin of the inferior parathyroid?

What is the origin of the superior parathyroid?

A

3rd pouch

4th pouch

27
Q

What is the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Thin layer of fat that lies between the dermis of the skin and the SL of the DCF.

28
Q

contents of the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma, nerves, blood/lymphatics fat (σημαντικά για την παθολογία)

29
Q

Pathology related to the superficial cervical fascia?

A 
Teratoma
Vasc Malformations (vessels)
Tumors/Haemangioma 
Cellulitis (fat)
NF1 (neuromas along nerves)
Subcutaneous fat fibrosis (fat)
30
Q

3 layers of the Deep Cervical Fascia

A

Superficial Layer DCF
Middle Layer DCF
Deep Layer DCF

31
Q

Superficial layer DCF spaces

A

Suprahyoid:
Masticator space
Parotid space
Part of Carotid space

Infrahyoid:
Surrounds strap m., SCM, trapezius m

32
Q

Middle layer DCF spaces

A

SHN: Pharyngeal mucosal space deep margin, contributes to carotid space

IHN: Surrounds visceral space. Contributes to carotid space.

33
Q

Deep Layer DCF spaces

A

SHN & IHN: Surrounds perivertebral space (paraspinal and pre-vertibral). Contributes to carotid

34
Q

What is the Alar Fascia?

A

Part of the DL-DCF which forms the lateral and posterior walls of the retropharyngeal space and separates from the Danger space

35
Q

What is the Danger Space?

A

Virtual space between retropharyngeal space and pre-vertebral component of the perivertebral space

36
Q

How many arches, clefts, pouches?

A

5 Arches (1-6 but 5 doesn’t form)
4 clefts
4 pouches

37
Q

Embryology of the footplate of the stapes

A

Ottic capsule together with inner ear

38
Q

Summary of derivatives of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

Arches - Mesoderm : Bones, muscles of head and neck

Clefts - Ectoderm : Stuctures of ear canal

Pouches - Endoderm: Parts of the ears , Tonsils, Parathyroid, Thyroid

39
Q

Where is the posterior cervical space?

A

Space between the SL-DCF surrounding the SCM and the DL of the DCF surrounding the paraspinal muscles. Contains fat and lymph nodes.

40
Q

Parts of the perivertebral space

A

Prevertebral space anteriorly

Paraspinal space posteriorly (posterior elements)

41
Q

Lymph node levels, what are the two horizontal planes?

A

Hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage
Level I = below the mandible
Behind the mandible/angle = Level II
Down to hyhoid Level III and down to cricoid level IV

Anatomy and Embryology CNS (22 decks)

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