White Lesions: Nonepithelial White-Yellow Lesions

Question 1

Nonepithelial White-Yellow Lesions

Answer 1

a. Candidiasis
b. Mucosal Burns
c. Submucous Fibrosis
d. Fordyce’s Granules
e. Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue
f. Gingival cyst
g. Parulis
h. Lipoma

Question 2

Thrush, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis, denture sore
mouth, yeast infection, candidal leukoplakia, antibiotic stomatitis, moniliasis

Answer 2

Candidiasis

Question 3

a commensal organism residing in the oral cavity in a majority of healthy persons.

Transformation, or escape from a state of commensalism to
that of a pathogen, relates to local and systemic factors

Answer 3

C. albicans

Question 4

necessity for local or systemic predisposing factors to
produce a disease state

Answer 4

Candidiasis

Question 5

Immunodeficiency
Immunologic immaturity of infancy
Acquired immunosuppression
Endocrine disturbances
Diabetes mellitus
Hypoparathyroidism
Pregnancy
Hypoadrenalism
Corticosteroid therapy, topical or systemic
Systemic antibiotic therapy
Malignancies and their therapies
Xerostomia
Poor oral hygiene

Answer 5

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors

Question 6

The most common clinical type of is the acute pseudomembranous form, also known as thrush

Answer 6

Candidiasis

Question 7

Wiping away the plaques or pseudomembranes with a gauze sponge leaves a painful erythematous, eroded, or ulcerated surface

Answer 7

Candidiasis

Question 8

Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, ketoconazole

Answer 8

Candidiasis treatment

Question 9

• This is characterized by soft white plaque that may grow separately or merge.
• The lesions are mildly painful, fissured, eroded and encrusted

Answer 9

Candidiasis

Question 10

most common form is associated with topical applications of chemicals (aspirin or caustic agents), topical abuse of drugs, use of alcohol containing mouth rinses.

Answer 10

Mucosal Burns

Question 11

• Localized mild erythema
• Thickened white slough and extends deep in the connective tissue with time

Answer 11

Mucosal Burns

Question 12

the epithelial component
shows coagulative necrosis through its entire thickness. A
fibrinous exudate is also evident. The underlying connective tissue is intensely inflamed.

Answer 12

Mucosal Burns

Question 13

mucosal burns may be thermal, chemical and electrical burns.

which is more destructive, showing deep extension of necrosis, often into
muscle?

Answer 13

electrical burn

Question 14

Sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse with
analgesics and Surgical treatment for electric burns

Answer 14

Mucosal Burns treatment

Question 15

primary factor appears to be chewing of the areca (betel) nut

contributory factors are: general nutritional or vitamin deficiencies and hypersensitivity to various dietary constituents

Answer 15

Submucous Fibrosis

Question 16

the principal feature is atrophy of the epithelium and subjacent fibrosis

Answer 16

Submucous Fibrosis

Question 17

due to impaired degradation of normal collagen by fibroblasts rather than excess production

Answer 17

Submucous Fibrosis

Question 18

• presents as a whitish yellow change that has a chronic, insidious biological course
• Fibrous bands are readily palpable in the soft palate and the buccal mucosa
• The clinical result is significant trismus with considerable difficulty in eating

Answer 18

Submucous Fibrosis

Question 19

• Eliminating causative agents
• Therapeutic measures include:
• Local injections of chymotrypsin
• Hyaluronidase
• Dexamethasone, with surgical excision of fibrous bands and submucosal placement of vascularized free flap grafts

Answer 19

Submucous Fibrosis

Question 20

ectopic sebaceous glands or sebaceous choristomas (normal tissue in an abnormal location).

This condition is regarded as developmental and can be considered a variation of normal.

Answer 20

Fordyce’s Granules

Question 21

Microscopically, lobules of sebaceous glands are aggregated around or adjacent to excretory ducts

Symmetrically distributed and tend to become obvious after puberty

Asymptomatic

Answer 21

Fordyce’s Granules

Question 22

may be found in numerous oral locations,
most notably in the region surrounding the oropharynx termed Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 22

Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue

Question 23

Lymphoid tissue appears yellow or yellow-white clinically and typically produces small, dome-shaped elevations.

The tissue appears uninflamed, and the patient is unaware
of its presence.

Answer 23

Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue

Question 24

Crypts in the lymphoid tissue occasionally
may become obstructed, causing “cystic” dilation of the area.

These lesions may be called lymphoepithelial cysts.

Answer 24

Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue

Question 25

Because this is basically normal tissue, no biopsy may be needed

Answer 25

Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue

Question 26

Gingival cysts in infants

Answer 26

Bohn’s nodules

Question 27

• presents as a painless growth in the attached gingiva, often within the interdental papilla

Answer 27

gingival cyst

Question 28

• Only rarely are lesions found in the lingual gingiva. Premolar and bicuspid regions of the mandible are favored locations

Answer 28

gingival cyst

Question 29

probably formed from remnants of the dental lamina (with keratin) within the gingival submucosa.

Answer 29

gingival cyst

Question 30

• No treatment is indicated for the newborn because they spontaneously rupture early in life
• Treatment for the adult is surgical excision

Answer 30

gingival cyst

Question 31

Gum Boil

Answer 31

Parulis

Question 32

• Represents a focus of pus in the gingiva
• The lesion appears as a yellow-white gingival tumescence with an associated erythema
• Pain is typical, but once the pus escapes to the surface, symptoms are temporarily relieved

Answer 32

Parulis

Question 33

appears as a yellow or yellow-white uninflamed submucosal mass of adipose tissue

Answer 33

Lipoma

Question 34

Lump of fatty tissue that grows just under the skin.

move easily when you touch them and feel rubbery, not hard.

Most aren’t painful and don’t cause health problems so they rarely need treatment.

Answer 34

Lipoma