Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth Flashcards
This term is used to describe teeth which are smaller than
normal, i.e. outside the usual limits of variation.
microdontia
refers to teeth
that are larger than normal
macrodontia
Fusion of two teeth from a single enamel organ
Gemination
Partial cleavage
Gemination
Joining of two developing tooth germs resulting in a single large tooth structure
Fusion
Union of adjacent teeth within cementum only.
Concrescence
cause: Trauma or overcrowding.
Concrescence
Cause: attempt of single tooth bud to divide but fails with a resultant formation of tooth with bifid crown
gemination
most common in Maxillary second and third molars.
Concrescence
Maxillary lateral incisors in which the tooth crown appears cone or peg shaped
Microdontia
The permanent maxillary lateral incisors are most commonly involved. (Exaggeration or accentuation of the lingual pit)
Dens Invaginatus
dilated composite odontoma / Dens in dente or tooth within a tooth
Dens Invaginatus
Cause: Occlusal Abrasion, the tubercle wears relatively fast, causing early exposure of an accessory pulp horn that extends into the tubercle which results to periapical pathology.
Dens Evaginatus
Occlusal tuberculated premolar, Leong’s premolar, evaginated odontome, occlusal enamel pearl
Dens Evaginatus
a peculiar dental anomaly in which the body of the tooth is enlarged at the expense of the roots
Taurodontism
Enlargement of the pulp chamber of multirooted teeth with apical displacement of the pulp floor and bifurcation of the roots.
Taurodontism
The term means ‘bull-like’ teeth and its usage is derived from the similarity of these teeth to those of ungulate or cud-chewing animals
Taurodontism
cause: Trauma during root development.
Dilaceration
Extraordinary curving or angulation of tooth roots
Dilaceration
an anomalous structure resembling an eagle’s
talon, projects lingually from the cingulum areas of a maxillary tor mandibular permanent incisor.
talon Cusp
more prevalent in persons with the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (developmental retardation, broad thumbs and great toes, characteristic facial features, delayed or
incomplete descent of testes in males, and stature, head circumference, and bone age below the fiftieth percentile).
talon Cusp
A variation in tooth form in which teeth have elongated crowns
Taurodontism
Challenging for extraction and root canal fillings.
dilaceration
Accessory roots are most commonly seen in mandibular canines, premolars, and molars (especially third molars).
Supernumerary Roots
Ectopic globules of enamel
Enamel Pearls
Can either be internal (more common and usually found at a cervical or coronary location on the root surface) or external
Enamel Pearls
Etiology: Localized developmental activity of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells that remained adherent to the root surface as the root development proceeds. HERS cells differentiate into functioning ameloblasts which deposit an enamel organic matrix on the root surface.
Enamel Pearls
the loss of tooth structure by a nonbacterial chemical process.
Erosion
Can be caused by extrinsic (exogenous could be diet, medication and lifestyle), intrinsic (endogenous can be caused by chronic vomiting, persistent GERD, regurgitation) or idiopathic.
Erosion
Physiologic wearing of teeth resulting from tooth to tooth contact (such as mastication).
Attrition
Parafunctional habits: bruxism and teeth clenching may contribute to it
Attrition
Age related process that can occur at the incisal or occlusal surfaces and can lead to dentinal exposure.
Attrition
the pathologic wearing of teeth as a result of abnormal processes, habit or abrasive substance such as excessive force of toothbrushing.
Abrasion
which class restoration is for abrasion cases?
class 5
the absence of all teeth in the primary or permanent dentition.
Anodontia
when one or several teeth are missing
Partial anodontia or hypodontia (oligodontia)
multiple unerupted teeth
Pseudoanodontia
a result of extraction of all teeth
False anodontia
a condition where a tooth fails to erupt fully or properly into its intended position within the dental arch.
Impaction
Etiology: crowding, ankylosis, genetics, early loss of primary teeth, irradiation, pathological conditions, developmental abnormalities of germs, supernumerary tooth.
Impaction
Extra teeth in comparison to normal dentition, possible to occur both in the maxilla and in the mandible.
Supernumerary Teeth
Results from continued proliferation of the permanent or primary dental lamina to form a third tooth germ (hyperactivity theory).
Supernumerary Teeth
- The various syndromes associated with __________ are:
o Apert Syndrome
o Angio-osteohypertrophy
o Grouzans syndrome
o Curtins syndrome
o Cleido-cranial dysplasia
supernumerary teeth
___________, if severe enough and long enough, can cause defects in the quantity and shape of enamel or in the quality and color of enamel.
Metabolic injury
2 types of Environmental Defects of Enamel
Enamel hypoplasia
Enamel hypocalcification
Quantitatively defective
enamel, when of normal hardness
enamel hypoplasia
Qualitatively defective
enamel, in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized
enamel hypocalcification
A surface defect of the tooth that is caused by the disruption or insufficient development of enamel formation.
Enamel Hypoplasia
Brownish, yellow, or white discolo ration, pits, grooves or even thin, chipped or missing portions of enamel on the tooth surface.
Enamel Hypoplasia
Etiology: nutritional defects such as rickets, birth trauma, malnutrition.
Enamel Hypoplasia
Defect in enamel that causes an insufficient amount of the minerals and calcium needed for healthy enamel
appear as thin, stained, or white-colored spots on teeth,
Enamel Hypocalficication
“turner’s tooth”
Enamel Hypocalficication
Etiology: genetic condition: amelogenesis imperfecta, nutritional deficiencies, trauma.
Enamel Hypocalficication
Occur in areas where the drinking water contains excessive naturally occurring fluoride
Endemic Flourosis
Mild to moderate fluorosis ranges clinically from white enamel spots to mottled brown-and-white discolorations.
Severe fluorosis appears as pitted, irregular, and discolored enamel.
Endemic Flourosis
- Inherited disorders characterized by abnormal enamel formation.
- This condition causes teeth to be unusually small, discolored, pitted or grooved, and prone to rapid wear and breakage.
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
3 clinical types of Amelogenesis Imperfecta
o Hypoplastic
o Hypocalcified
o Hypomaturation
o Teeth erupt with insufficient amounts of enamel, ranging from pits and grooves in one patient to complete absence (aplasia) in another.
o Because of reduced enamel thickness in some cases, abnormal contour and absent interproximal contact points may be evident.
HYPOPLASTIC
o The quantity of enamel is normal, but it is soft and friable, so that it fractures easily and wears readily.
o The color of the teeth varies from tooth to tooth and from patient to patient; colors include white opaque to yellow to brown.
HYPOCALCIFIED
Formed with proper amount of enamel, which is calcified to a certain extent, but undergo defective maturation of the crystal structure of the enamel, resulting in soft enamel that is easy to chip.
HYPOMATURATION
- An autosomal-dominant trait
- It typically affects the dentin of both primary and permanent dentitions.
- Causes the teeth to be weaker and more brittle compared to a normal tooth.
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
(hereditary) opalescent dentin
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
o Dentin abnormality occurs in patients with concurrent osteogenesis imperfecta, primary teeth are more severely affected than permanent teeth
o Caused by mutations in the genes that encode collagen type I.
TYPE I
o Patients have only dentin abnormalities and no bone disease affects primary more than permanent teeth. This may occur in people who exhibit signs of age-related hearing loss or deafness.
o Related to mutations in a gene known as dentin sialophosphoprotein that encodes noncollagen proteins of dentin.
TYPE II
the most common type of dentinogenesis imperfecta
TYPE II
The dentin appears thin and the pulp chambers and root canals extremely large, giving the appearance of thin dentin shells, hence the previous designation of shell teeth.
TYPE III
It is a condition characterized by the disturbance in the formation of dentin causing it to grow abnormally.
Dentin Dysplasia
Also known as radicular dentin dysplasia because the underdeveloped, abnormal pulp tissue is predominately in the roots of the teeth.
TYPE I
Since the roots are abnormally short, it usually leads to the premature loss of teeth.
TYPE I Dentin Dysplasia
Common type of dentin dysplasia
TYPE I Dentin Dysplasia
o Also known as coronal dentin dysplasia, is a rare genetic disorder that affects the teeth.
o The coronal pulps are usually large (thistle tube appearance) and are filled with globules of abnormal dentin.
o Primary dentition have a discolorations that may range from yellow-brown to brownish-yellow.
TYPE II
It is a condition characterized by dental abnormalities in the enamel, dentin, and cementum.
Regional Odontodysplasia
Short roots, openings in the apical foramen, and large pulp chambers are clinical manifestations of affected teeth.
Regional Odontodysplasia
Also known as ghost teeth
Regional Odontodysplasia
It appears as masses of calcified tissue on the pulp chamber and tooth roots. Calcified structures found in the pulp are called ________.
pulp stones
- They can be nodular (pulp stones) and diffuse (linear).
Pulp Calcification
- Pulp stones can be classified as _______ and __________.
- Pulp stones are subdivided into: (3)
true denticles
false denticles
o Attached Type
o Free Type
o Embedded Type
- It contributes to an inflammatory response that begins in the pulp space and leads to dentin loss and possibly cementum invasion.
Internal Resorption
- It is a resorption that can be seen on the external surface of the tooth and can also make an impact to the crown of an unerupted tooth.
External Resorption
The pathogenesis of ___________ from these causes has been related to the
release of chemical mediators, increased vascularity, and
pressure.
external resorptio
These are stains that develop on the surface of your teeth’s structure.
It can be removed with abrasives.
Exogenous Stains
It occurs from deposits of systemically circulating chemicals during tooth formation that causes tooth discoloration.
Endogenous Stains
The well-known cause for this condition is the ingestion of tetracycline.
Endogenous Stains
