White Book Cards (BACK) Flashcards
How many vertebra are found in each of the following regions, Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and coccygeal?
Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacral - 5 Coccygeal - 1
How many bones does the coccyx comprise of?
4
What is the name given to each of the following vertebra, C1, C2, C7?
Atlas, Axis, Vertebra Prominens
Which type of vertebra contains the foramen transversarium?
The cervical vertebrae
What is the size of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra?
They are small
What direction do the spinous processes of the cervical vertebra extend?
Anteriorly, they also have a small spinous process
What is the size of the disk in the cervical vertebra compared to the size of the body?
Large disk compared to the size of the body
What direction do the spinous process’ of the thoracic vertebra extend?
Most project inferiorly
Do the thoracic vertebra contain articulating facets for ribs?
Yes
Describe the structure of the transvers process and the spinous process in the thoracic vertebra?
Spinous - Long and fairly thick
Transverse - large
Describe the size of the intervertebral disks in the thoracic vertebra
Thin
Describe the structure of the transvers process and the spinous process in the lumbar vertebra?
Spinous - Short and blunt
Transverse - Large and blunt
How large are the intervertebral disks in the lumbar region?
Massive
What direction do the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebra extend?
Posteriorly
Which plane do the articulating facets of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae lie
Cervical - Transverse
Thoracic - Coronal
Lumbar - Sigital
What movement is permitted in the cervical, thoracic and the lumbar region?
Cervical - just about everything
Thoracic - Lateral flexion and rotation
Lumbar - Flexion and extension
Where do the erector spinae muscles lie?
Posteriorly between the spinous processes and the transverse processes
How is an increased intra-abdominal pressure achieved?
Trunk flexors and extensors contract simultaneously
Where is the spine of the scapula
Spine of T3
Where is the inferior spine of the scapula?
T7
Where is the spine of the iliac crest?
l4
What causes the plasma to leave the capillary beds?
High hydrostatic pressure
Where is the germinal centre?
In the lymph nodule
What are the other parts of the lymph node besides the lymph nodules?
Deep cortex, medulla, capsule
Where is the thoracic duct located?
On the vertebral bodies between the azygous vein and the aorta on the right side of the posterior thoracic wall.
What is drained by the right lymphatic duct?
The upper right quadrant
What does the thoracic duct drain into?
The medial end of the left subclavian vein.
What is the function of the filum terminale?
Anchors the spinal chord
Describe the shape of the dorsal horn
Long and thin
Between what two structures is the spinal epidural space found?
Between the spinal dura and the periosteum covering the vertebral bodies
What is found in the fatty tissue in epidural space?
Small arteries and a network of internal venous complexes
What is the function of the vertebral venous plexus?
Drains the vertebrae and the spinal cord
Also provides a possible route of the communication for the metastasis of cancer cells.
Between the body wall and the CNS
Why is the term slipped disk is a misnomer?
The disks do not protrude beyond the vertebral bodies to which they are firmly attached
