White blood cells and disorders Flashcards
What is another word for platelets?
Thrombocytes
What is the term for packed cell volume?
The haematocrit
What are the types of WBCs?
Granulocytes (Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil)
Lymphocyte (T and B cells)
Monocyte
What type of WBCs are phagocytes?
Monocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Which WBCs are APCs?
DCs
Macrophages
B celks
What are the types of lymphocytes?
B cell
Helper T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
Regulatory T cell
Natural Killer cell
Compare innate vs adaptive immunity
Innate = non specific, no memory exposure. Immediate, rapid response to threat.
Adaptive = acquired, specific, exhibits memory, requires initial antigen exposure to trigger clonal expansion
How is differentiation mediated?
Cell to cell interactions and cytokines
CD markers on cells (cluster of differentiation) are different depending on stage of cell development - over 400 markers
CD3 = T cell receptor
What terms are used for high and low levels of leukocytes in the blood?
High = leukocytosis (leukophilia, due to infectiond, allergies, cancer)
Low = leukopaenia (due to bone marrow conditions, drugs, infections etc)
Which cells are involved in inmate immunity?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Natural killer cells
How are macrophages formed?
After monocytes migrate into the tissue 24h after being released from the bone marrow
What are the different variations of macrophages and where are they found?
Alveolar macrophages (lungs)
Osteoclast (bone)
Histiocytes (connective tissue)
Kupffer cells (liver)
Microglia (neutral tissue)
What two types of macrophages are they and their functions?
M1: pro inflammatory, microbicidal, anti-tumoral
M2: anti inflammatory, wound healing, pro-tumoral
Which chemokine brings neutrophils to sites of damage/injury?
Interleukin-8
Which disease occurs as a result of dysfunctional neutrophils?
Chronic granulomatous (mutation in NADPH oxidase means neutrophils cannot kill their digested bacteria)
