Blood types

Question 1

Which two immunoglobulins are important in transfusion?

Answer 1

IgM
IgG

Question 2

Outline IgM antibodies

Answer 2

• Pentameric structure
• 10 antigen binding dites
• Single one can bridge gap between red cells and cause agglutination

Question 3

When do IgM antibodies work best?

Answer 3

Under 37°c

Question 4

Outline IgG antibodies

Answer 4

• Monomeric structure
• 2 antigen binding sites
• A single one CANNOT cause agglutination

Question 5

When do IgG work best?

Answer 5

At 37°c

Question 6

Which antibody is more clinically significant?

Answer 6

IgG, and can cross the placenta

Question 7

Where are the genes for A and B blood groups found?

Answer 7

H gene = 19
A gene = 9
B gene= 9

Question 8

What does the A gene do?

Answer 8

Codes for an enzyme which adds N-acetylgalactosamine residue to H substance

Question 9

What does the H gene do?

Answer 9

Codes for transferase enzyme which adfs fucose residue to precursor substance

Question 10

What does the B gene do?

Answer 10

Codes for an enzyme which adds galactose residue to H substance

Question 11

State all ABO genotypes

Answer 11

AA
AO
BO
BB
AB
OO

Question 12

What is Landsteiner’s law?

Answer 12

ABO antigens not present on the cells have corresponding antibodies in the plasma

Question 13

Where is the RhD gene found?

Answer 13

Chromosome 1

Question 14

What defines whether someone is D positive or negative?

Answer 14

D positive habe the RhD gene.
D negative normally have a deletion.

Question 15

State 5 Rh antibodies

Answer 15

Anti-D
Anti-C
Anti-c
Anti-E
Anti-e

Question 16

When does the most potent form of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn occur?

Answer 16

When the mother is RhD negative and the fetus RhD positive