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World History Honors > WHH S1 Final Exam > Flashcards

WHH S1 Final Exam Flashcards

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0
Q
  1. What idea do both Code of Hammurabi and Chinese Legalism both rely on?
A

Harsh punishment for Crime

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1
Q
  1. What are the Indus and Huang He (Yellow) rivers both closely associated with?
A

River Vally Civilizations.

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2
Q
  1. What is polytheism?
A

The belief in many Gods

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3
Q
  1. In the traditional Hindu society, what is a person’s caste determined by?
A

The Caste of someone’s parents.

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4
Q
  1. Why is ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh an important record?
A

It gives historians information about early civilizations.

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5
Q
  1. What are Civil Service exams, Filial Piety and the five relationships most often associated with?
A

Confucianism

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6
Q
  1. What is a major theme in Classical Greek philosophy?
A

The use of logic and reason to solve problems.

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7
Q
  1. What are the Four Noble Truths, Nirvana and Eight Fold Path associated with?
A

Buddhism.

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8
Q
  1. Why did Confucianism appeal to Chinese authorities?
A

They liked the idea of respecting the person above you (Filial Piety)*.

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9
Q
  1. Why did authoritarian governments develop throughout history?
A

The one person in charge could make quick decisions to protect his people.

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10
Q
  1. What are the spread of the Latin language, trade routes, and the development of Hellenistic Culture all examples of ?
A

Cultural Diffusion

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11
Q
  1. How did Classical civilizations influence Western culture?
A

a) Citizens were involved with Law
b) Classical architecture inspired later styles
c) Citizens equal under the Law

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12
Q
  1. What were the economies of early river valley civilizations primarily based on?
A

farming & bartering

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13
Q
  1. Which civilization supported the concept of citizens electing representatives to make political decisions?
A

The Roman with their Republic.

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14
Q
  1. What is the legacy of Hellenistic culture?
A

The diffusion of classical learning.

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15
Q
  1. How did art reflect Greek values?
A

It Glorified individual and heroic achievements. (Arete)

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16
Q
  1. What did Lao Tse emphasize in the ‘Tao Te Ching’?
A

Should behave like animals (one with nature).

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17
Q
  1. What was the Pax Romana
A

200 years of peace and prosperity for the Roman’s who were lead by the Five Good Emperors.

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18
Q
  1. What civilization is Ancestor Worship, Bronze casting and Oracle Bones associated with?
A

Chinese Civilization.

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19
Q
  1. What was the underlaying objective that gave rise to Chinese philosophies of Confucius, Lao Tzu and the Legalists?
A

To create order after a series of civil wars.

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20
Q
  1. How did the Qin dynasty?
  • punish critics
  • protect China
  • unify China
A

a) They Killed the critics
b) They built the biggest part of The Great Wall of China
c) They conquered the city states*

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21
Q
  1. How did cultural diffusion take place in:
  • Mesopotamia?
  • Ancient Greece?
  • Roman Empire?
A

a) It was the cross-road of the ancient world (trade)
b) Cultural Diffusion all over Mediterranean
c) Cultural Diffusion by expanding all over Europe

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22
Q
  1. What individual was born a Prince, rejected the caste system and sought enlightenment?
A

Siddhārtha Gautama (Buddha).

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23
Q
  1. During the Zhou Dynasty, what was the Mandate of Heaven used for?
A

Rational for why a family should be the ruling family.

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24
Q
  1. What is a primary source?
A

An original source (from the time).

NOT: a history book, biography

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25
Q
  1. Which Neolithic Revolution development led to a surplus of food, division of labour and complex?
A

The Agricultural Revolution (Discovery of Farming).

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26
Q
  1. What did most early civilizations develop around?
A

Valleys with rivers.

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27
Q
  1. What was the significance of flooding in ancient China?
A

It gave fertility to land on which crops could be grown on. However it left loess which was bad.

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28
Q
  1. If you wanted to start a flourishing civilization, which geographical structure would be most important to you?
A

River or supply of fresh water.

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29
Q
  1. What was a key difference between Athens and Sparta?
A

Athens - Direct Democracy, Very artistic

Sparta - Military State,

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30
Q
  1. In the Hindu tradition , what a person’s goal for his her’s soul or atman is to?
A

Achieve moksha and join Brahmin.

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31
Q
  1. What was a major effect of the Aryan invasion of India?
A

Brought caste system which evolved into buddhism.*

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32
Q
  1. Which name identifies the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
A

Mesopotamia.

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33
Q
  1. How did geography influence Egypt?
  • protection
  • farming
  • trade
A

a) Deserts and the Mediterranean Sea
b) Nile flooded giving fertility to land
c) Traded along the Nile river, throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East

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34
Q
  1. How are the Five Relationships, the Ten Commandments and Eightfold Path similar?
A

They are all law codes that make society run smoothly.

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35
Q
  1. How are Moksha and Nirvana similar?
A

Both are about achieving enlightenment and eventual goals for their religions/ philosophies.

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36
Q
  1. Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval Western Europe?
A

The Catholic Church.

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37
Q
  1. What was the effect of signing the Magna Carta in 1215?
A

Was the first document to limit a monarch’s power.

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38
Q
  1. Which geographic feature was most important in isolating the Greek city-states from one another?
A

Mountains.

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39
Q
  1. What is feudalism?
A

The social system of Medieval Europe*.

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40
Q
  1. How did the Jewish beliefs influence Christianity?
A
  • Monotheism*
  • Law Code
  • Sacred Text
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41
Q
  1. How did Hammurabi’s Code treat crimes against different classes of people?
A

It was unfair, poor people where treated much worse and punished more severally.*

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42
Q
  1. What are important characteristics of ancient Judaism?
A

Monotheistic, sacred text, Covenant between God and the Jews.

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43
Q
  1. Egypt’s pharaohs were considered divine figures. This suggests what type of government?
A

Theocracy

44
Q
  1. What are the key characteristics of Islam?
A
  • 5 Pillars
  • Monotheistic
  • Allah
  • Quran
  • Mohammad (The Greatest and Last Prophet)
45
Q
  1. What sacred texts associated with each religion?
    - Confucianism
    - Islam
    - Christianity
    - Hinduism
A

Analects - Confucianism
Quran - Islam
Bible - Christianity
Hinduism - Veddas & Upanishads

46
Q
  1. What characteristic makes christianity different from other religions?
A

The belief that the Messiah (Jesus) has come.

47
Q
  1. Why is Moses a significant figure in both Judaism and Christianity?
A
  • Received the 10 Commandments

- Prophet in both faiths

48
Q
  1. What is a mosque?
A

A Muslim place of worship (House of Allah).

49
Q
  1. What was the result of the death of Muhammad?
A
  • The Sani and Shia spilt

- Argued about who was the rightful successor

50
Q
  1. What is the difference between a fossil and artifact?
A

Fossil - Nature Made

Artifact - Man-Made

51
Q
  1. What is “People’s way of life influenced by their geography, religion, arts, politics, economics and social habits” known as?
A

Culture.

52
Q
  1. What does the term “Prehistoric” refers to?
A

Before recorded History.

53
Q
  1. Where do Archeologists believe human life began?
A

East Africa

54
Q
  1. What does the term Neolithic Revolution refer to?
A

People discovered agriculture which led to advanced civilizations.

55
Q
  1. What are the results of the spread of Farming/Neolithic Revolution?
A
  • People began to live together
  • Advanced civilizations
  • Farming over hunting
56
Q
  1. What was an advantage village life had over hunting and gathering?
A

People had more time and developed key skills which led to advanced civilizations.

57
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of a civilizations?
A

Geography, Art, Religion, Politics, Economics and Society.

GRAPES

58
Q
  1. What are the similarities found in both Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations?
A

Polytheistic, RVC’s, the wheel, writing and hierarchical (arranged in order of rank).

59
Q
  1. What are the basic principals behind Hammurabi’s Code?
A

Harsh punishment for crime.

60
Q
  1. Which geographic feature served as a barrier that protected ancient China and was used as an invasion route by the Aryans into ancient India?
A

Mountains (Himalayas)

61
Q
  1. What is a dynasty?
A

The ruling family.

62
Q
  1. How did the Chinese religion differ from other early cultures?
A

No God, philosophy only.*

63
Q
  1. What are the bonds that held Chinese society together?
A

a) Respect for elders/ ancestors (Filial Piety)
b) Respect for ruling family
c) No respect for Women

64
Q
  1. Why did Daoism become popular among the common people of China.
A

It was an easy way of life. (Focused on nature, no taxes)

65
Q
  1. Which teenage behavior would Confucius approve of?
A

Filial Piety

66
Q
  1. How is Legalism different from Confucianism and Daoism?
A
  • Legalism focused on harsh punishment for wrong doing

- Confucianism & Daoism are about Nature and Respect

68
Q
  1. What is the Hindu idea of reincarnation?
A

Someone will be reincarnated as a different person based on who they where (Karma)

69
Q
  1. What are similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism?
A

a) Reincarnation
b) From Indian subcontinent
c) Material desires keep you away from peace
d) Enlightenment/ Moksha

70
Q
  1. What is the role of the caste system in Hinduism?
A

Kept order (Social status & ranks)

71
Q
  1. What are the important characteristics of Buddhism?
A

a) Darma*
b) Life & Rebirth
c) Purpose: reach Nirvana

72
Q
  1. Why is “Monotheism”an important characteristic of Judaism?
A

The First Monotheistic faith.

73
Q
  1. What are three other important characteristics of Judaism?
A

a) Torah
b) Covenant between Jews and God
c) basis for Christianity

74
Q
  1. What is the mutual promise that the Jewa held with their God called?
A

Covenant

75
Q
  1. What is one way in which ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh’ and ‘The Odyssey’ are similar?
A

Both tell a story of a Great flood.

76
Q
  1. How did the geography of Greece influence that region’s development?
    - Sea
    - Land
    - Climate
A

a) Trade, Transport and made greeks skilled sailors
b) 75% mountains
c) support outdoor life, Easy to live

77
Q
  1. What are the Pre-Greek civilizations?
A

a) Mycenaeans
b) Minoans
c) Dorians

78
Q
  1. In a Greek city-state, who were considered “citizens”?
A

Land owning men born in the city-state

79
Q
  1. What were the unifying factors of Greece?
A

a) Infanticide
b) Mythology
c) Epics (that reflected Arête)

80
Q
  1. What do Athens and Sparta have in common?
A

Both are Greek Greek city-states.

81
Q
  1. What were the characteristics of Athen’s direct democracy?
A

a) Limited political Power for its citizens
b) Laws were proposed by its citizens
c)

82
Q
  1. What was the result of the Persian War?
A

The Golden Age of Greece.

83
Q
  1. What were the characteristics of Pericles’ Golden Age for Athens?
A

a) Glorified Athens
b) Strengthened Empire
c) Strengthened Navy

84
Q
  1. What were the effects of the Peloponnesian Wars?
A

a) Greece was weakened
b) Beginning of Spartan hegemony
c) Athenian philosophers began to question life

85
Q
  1. Why was Macedon able to conquer Greece?
A

a) Greece was weakened by Peloponnesian Wars
b) Macedonian Army built on Greek fails
c) Greek city-states did not take Macedon seriously and did not unify

86
Q
  1. What is a similarity between Gravitas and Arête?
A

Both focus on striving for excellence and perfection.

Gravitas - Roman
Arête - Greek

87
Q
  1. Of all ancient civilizations, which gave Women the most freedoms/rights?
A

Sparta

88
Q
  1. What was a difference between Greek direct democracy and early Roman republic?
A

Greek Direct Democracy - ruled by citizens

Roman Republic - ruled by representatives (who were elected by citizens)

89
Q
  1. How was Rome’s location beneficial to their development
A

a) Protected by Alps
b) (Sea) Far enough for protection, close enough for trade
c) located next to a river

90
Q
  1. What is a republic?
A

Supreme power is held by representatives.

91
Q
  1. What are the Major differences between plebeians and patricians?
A

Plebeians: Patricians:

  • less power - more power
  • poorer - richer
  • Citizens - Citizens
  • more - less of them
92
Q
  1. What changes took part in the final years of the Roman REPUBLIC?
A

a) Octavian became Emperor
b) Period of civil War (more taxes)
c) Gap between Rich & Poor

93
Q
  1. What was the Pax Romana?
A

200 years of Peace and prosperity in the Roman World.

94
Q
  1. What were some characteristics of society in the Roman EMPIRE?
A

a) Rich & Poor Gap
b) Luxury Goods from Asia
c) frequent banquets

(The Rich did not care about the poor!)

95
Q
  1. By the end of the Roman EMPIRE, what was the main religion of its people?
A

Christianity

96
Q
  1. What were the political problems during the decline of the Roman EMPIRE?
A

a) Split into West/East
b) corruption
c) more imports than exports
d) problems with emperor’s successor

97
Q
  1. Why did the Germanic tribes succeed in invading the Roman EMPIRE?
A

The Roman EMPIRE was weakened by internal factors.

98
Q
  1. What achievements did the Byzantines make with each category?
    - Religion
    - Law
    - Architecture
A

a) Spread orthodoxy
b) Justinian’s Code of Law
c) Hellenism with Roman architecture

99
Q
  1. What achievements did Justinian make for the Byzantines?
A

a) reconquered some of the land conquered by the Barbarians
b) Justinian’s Code of Law
c) Unified and Glorified Constantinople

100
Q
  1. Muhammad’s flight the “Hijra”was from which city? (considered to be the holiest city in Islam today)
A

MECCA to Medinah

101
Q
  1. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
A
  1. ) Charity
  2. ) Prayer
  3. ) “Allah is the one God”
  4. ) Hajj (Pilgrimage)
  5. ) Ramadan (Fasting)
102
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of feudalism?
A

a) Lord protects you
b) You are the Lord’s slave (Servant)
c) Village is your World

103
Q
  1. What is the difference between a kingdom and an Empire.
A

Kingdom - 1 country, one language ex. France

Empire - Many countries, languages and diverse people ex. Roman Empire

104
Q
  1. What was the most important force in providing unity and stability throughout Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
A

The Catholic Church

105
Q
  1. What was Christendom’s MAIN motivation behind starting the crusades?
A

To recapture The Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims.

106
Q
  1. What were the consequences of the Crusades?
A

a) Religious tolerance
b) decrease in the power of the Byzantine Empire
c) decline in feudal nobility

107
Q
  1. How did the bubonic plague affect economic development in the Middle Ages?
A

Shut down trade, everyone died.

108
Q
  1. How did the plague affect?
    - political Power
    - Trade
    - Population
A

a) Dispersed political power
b) shut it down
c) Killed 1/2 to 1/3 of population of Europe.

109
Q
  1. Find:
    - Hinduism - Islam
    - Judaism
    - Buddhism
    - Christianity
A

(USE A MAP)

World History Honors (4 decks)

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