Whelan-berry et al. (2003) Strengthening organizational change processes:

Question 1

Organizational change

Answer 1

Major organizational change cannot occur without specific groups and individuals changing, that is, without teams and individual employees adopting different work routines or processes and different models, frameworks, or values to guide their actions.

The organizational-level change process in this article, involves motivating the change by developing commitment and readiness to it, creating a vision by describing the outcomes of the change, developing political support by addressing the power and influence dynamics of the proposed change, managing the transition by moving from the current to the future desired state, and sustaining momentum by carrying the change effort to full completion.

Question 2

Group level change process

Answer 2

Introduction, adoption, continuation, and maintenance or decline as the stages in the process in which the group acquires beliefs about the change and related behaviors, decides whether the new behaviors will be enacted or performed, performs the new behavior on an ongoing basis, and sustains or drops the behavior, respectively.

Question 3

Individual level change process

Answer 3

Change occurs at the individual level but is significantly influenced by organizational norms and culture. The Trans Theoretical Model describes how an individual intentionally changes behaviour and identify the following stages of change:
1. Precontemplation: not intending to change in the foreseeable future;
2. Contemplation: being aware of a problem and seriously thinking about overcoming it;
3. Preparation: combining intention with taking steps that will subsequently support change;
4. Action: modifying behaviour;
5. Maintenance: trying to prevent relapse, consolidate gains, and continue to change