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Basic Eval II > Wheelchairs > Flashcards

Wheelchairs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the standard wheelchair seat?

A
  • Sling seat
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2
Q

What is the effect of a sling seat on posture?

A
  • Hips slide forward, adduct, IR

- Posterior pelvic tilt

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3
Q

What is an insert or contour seat?

A

Wood or plastic padded with foam.

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4
Q

What are the advantages of an insert or contour seat?

A
  • Stable, firm

- Improves pelvic position

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5
Q

What is a seat cushion used for?

A
  • Distributes weight bearing pressure to prevent decubitis ulcers
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6
Q

What is a countoured foam cushion for?

A
  • Accomodates moderate to severe posture deformities
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7
Q

What do contour foam cushions make easier for caregivers? What does it make harder?

A
  • Repositioning easier

- Slide transfers more difficult

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8
Q

What is the advantage of a fluid/gel combination cushion?

A
  • Custom molded

- Accommodates moderate to severe postural deformity

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9
Q

What is the advantage of an air cushion?

A
  • Accommodates moderate to severe postural deformity

- Light weight improves pressure distribution

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10
Q

What is the disadvantage of an air cushion?

A
  • May be too unstable for some patients

- Requires constant maintainence

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11
Q

What can the patient do to relieve pressure?

A

Push ups every 15 - 20 minutes

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12
Q

Up to what level do most sling back chairs support?

A
  • Mid scapula
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13
Q

What is the advantage, and disadvantage of a low back chair?

A
  • Increases functional mobility

- Increases back strain

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14
Q

What is the advantage, and disadvantage of a high back chair?

A
  • Helps with trunk stability

- Limits functional mobility

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15
Q

What can back inserts help a patient with?

A

Improve trunk extension and upright posture

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16
Q

What is the purpose of lateral trunk supports?

A
  • Improves alignment
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17
Q

What are 4 variables to consider when picking out arm rests?

A
  • Full/ desk length
  • Fixed or adjustable height
  • Removable or permanent
  • Wraparound or not
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18
Q

What is the advantage of adjustable height and removable arm rests?

A
  • Facilitate transfers
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19
Q

What is the advantage of a wraparound arm rest?

A
  • Reduce width of chair by 1.5”
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20
Q

What can be attached to the arm rests?

A
  • Support surfaces for additional posture assistance
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21
Q

What are 3 types of leg rests?

A
  • Fixed
  • Swing away/ detachable
  • Elevating
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22
Q

What is the advantage of swing away/ detachable leg rests?

A
  • Ease in transfers
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23
Q

What is the advantage of elevating legs rests? For whom is it contraindicated?

A
  • Helps with edema and postural support

- Contraindicated for hamstring hypertonicity/ tightness

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24
Q

What are the 3 elements of foot rests?

A
  • Foot plates
  • Heel loops
  • Straps
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25
Q

What effect does the weight of the wheel chair frame have?

A
  • Lighter makes for better ease of use
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26
Q

What is the advantage of a folding and a fixed/ rigid chair?

A
  • Fold facilitates mobility/ storage

- Fixed facilitates stroke efficiency

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27
Q

What are casters? How large are they typically?

A
  • Small front wheels

- 8” in diameter

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28
Q

How can casters be made more stable during transfers?

A

Lock ‘em

29
Q

What are the main wheels of the chair called?

A

Drive wheels

30
Q

What can help increase grip on the outer rims of the drive wheels?

A
  • Friction rims
  • Leather gloves
  • Projections to rims
31
Q

What is a standard tire? What are its advantages?

A
  • Hard rubber

- Durable and low maintainence

32
Q

What is a pneumatic tire? What is its advantage and disadvantage?

A
  • Air filled
  • Smoother ride with shock absorption
  • More maintainence
33
Q

When are wheelchair brakes always engaged?

A

During transfers

34
Q

When are extensions added to the brakes?

A

UE weakness and arthritis

35
Q

What angle should seatbelts grasp the pelvis at?

A

45 degree angles

36
Q

What is the advantage and disadvantage of an antitipping device?

A
  • Prevent tipping with posterior extension of lower horizontal supports
  • Limits curb and door mobility
37
Q

What is a hill-holder device?

A

Automatically breaks when chair goes into reverse.

38
Q

What patients need hill-holder devices?

A

Those who need to take breaks

39
Q

What is the primary outcome of wheelchair prescription?

A
  • Independence

- Maximum function

40
Q

What are the 6 key wheelchair measurements?

A
  • Seat width
  • Seat depth
  • Leg length/ seat to foot plate length
  • Seat height
  • Arm rest height
  • Back height
41
Q

How are seat width measurements taken?

A
  • Width of patient’s hips at the widest part + 2 inches
42
Q

What happens if the seat is too wide?

A

Can’t reach wheels

43
Q

What happens if the seat is too narrow?

A

Pressure on lateral pelvis and thighs

44
Q

What should be considered about the environment when measuring seat width?

A

Doorway width

45
Q

How do you measure seat depth?

A
  • Posterior buttock to posterior aspect of lower leg in popliteal fossa - 2 - 3 inches
46
Q

What if the seat depth is too short?

A

Fails to support thighs accurately

47
Q

What is the seat depth is too long? (4 effects)

A

Compromises knee circulation

  • Kyphotic posture
  • Sacral sitting
  • Posterior pelvic tilting
48
Q

How do you measure leg length?

A
  • Bottom of shoe to just below the thigh in the popliteal fossa - seat cushion height
49
Q

What if the leg length is too short?

A

Uneven weight distribution on thigh with excessive weight on ischial seat

50
Q

What is the leg length is too long?

A

Sacral sitting; posterior pelvic tilting; sliding forward in chair

51
Q

How is seat height mesured?

A

+ 2 to leg length, unless patient propels with feet

52
Q

How is arm rest height measured?

A
  • Should neutral, elbow flexed 90 degrees

- Measure from platform to just below elbow + 1 inch

53
Q

What if the arm rest is too high?

A
  • Shoulder elevation
54
Q

What if the arm rest is too low?

A
  • Leaning forward
55
Q

How is back height measured?

A
  • Seat platform to inferior angle of scapula, mid scapula, or top of shoulder based on patient support needs + seat cushion
56
Q

What if the back height is too high?

A
  • Difficulty getting into and out of van

- Prevents patient from accessing push handle for stabilization and weight relief

57
Q

Describe patient education on maintainence.

A
  • Wash, keep clean

- Maintain battery

58
Q

Describe patient education on orientation to features.

A
  • Locks
  • Foot support
  • Leg rests elevation
  • Arm rests
59
Q

What are 2 pressure relief techniques?

A
  • Push offs

- Weight side to side shifting

60
Q

What are 3 methods of propulsion? (dependent on patient)

A
  • Both arms on wheels
  • One arm on wheel, one foot pulling diagonally
  • One arm on drive wheel controlling both
61
Q

What is the 4 step patient education of power chair training?

A
  • Driving skill and safety
  • Use of switches/ controls (on/off, turns, joysticks)
  • Maneuvers
  • Safe stopping
62
Q

How do you turn in a wheelchair?

A
  • Push one hand harder than the other

- Or reciprocal push and pull

63
Q

How does a pt ascend a ramp?

A
  • Lean head and trunk forward; short, quick strokes
64
Q

How does a pt descend a ramp?

A
  • Control chair on the the way down with loose grip
    OR
  • Wheelie down steep ramps
65
Q

When in a wheelie, which wheel movement tips the chair back?

A
  • Forward movement
66
Q

When in a wheelie, which wheel movement tips the chair upright?

A
  • Pulling back
67
Q

How does one ascend curbs independently?

A
  • Place casters
  • Push rear wheels
  • Use momentum and hips
68
Q

How does one descend a curb independently?

A
  • Backwards with forward head and trunk lean

- Forward in wheelie position

69
Q

How do you get back into your chair!?

A

Read pages 347 - 363

Basic Eval II (7 decks)

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