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KCEP 210 midterm > wheelchair ambulation transfers > Flashcards

wheelchair ambulation transfers Flashcards

1
Q

First wheelchair model

A
  • 1300 B.C in China spoked wheels
  • 16th century first dedicated wheelchair
  • Used by King Philip II
  • Featured: reclining back and moveable armrest and footrest + 4 small wheels
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2
Q

Second wheelchair model

A
  • 1655
  • by Steven Farffler who is believed to be paraplegic
  • Featured: 3-wheeled chassis with handled in the front + independently propelled
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3
Q

First real wheelchair model features

A
  • 2 big wheels in the front

- 2 small wheels in the back

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4
Q

Folding Chair (same model as today)

A
  • in 1932 by Everest & Jennings
  • Everest broke his back in a mining accident and become confined to a wheelchaire.
  • They wanted a wheelchair that is easily transportable in an automobile.
  • 2 big wheels in the back, 2 small wheels in the front
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5
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Amputation

A
  • Absence or loss of lower extremity (due to trauma or surgery)
    Note: the higher the amputation the greater chance that a chair is needed
  • can use a mix of prosthetics and wheelchairs
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6
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Arthritis

A

pain in joints, usually reducing ROM and causing weakness

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7
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disease causing:

  • progressive muscular weakness
  • loss of muscular control
  • difficulty walking
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8
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Paraplegia

A

Impairment in motor and sensory function of the lower limbs

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9
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Stroke

A
  • Cerebral Vascular Accident
  • Lesion to the brain causing paralysis on one side of the body
  • usually use a cane and will walk with a circumducting limb on the affected side
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10
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Quadriplegia

A
  • Also known as tetraplegia

- Impairment in motor and sensory function of the upper and lower limbs

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11
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Diabetes

A

-Metabolic disease in which a person has high blood glucose; often results in neuropath and limb loss

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12
Q

Types of Wheelchair Users - Cerebral Palsy

A
  • Damage to the motor area of the brain prior to brain maturity
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13
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Footrests

A
  • Support feet and lower legs

- Can be fixed or folding

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14
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Armrests

A
  • Support arms when the person is not moving

- Fitting is important because armrest position can alter the way the wheelchair is propelled

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15
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Weight

A
  • Manual 15-60 lbs

- Motorized - 50-250 lbs

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16
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Tires

A
  • Most commonly air filled (pneumatic) and therefore lightweight
  • Require maintenance and can be punctured
17
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Wheel locks

A
  • Act as parking break (not use during ambulation)
  • Important for transfer (immobilizes bike)
  • Can get in the way during propulsion
18
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Push Rims

A
  • Variety of push rims with different friction coating and shapes for various functional adaptions
  • Gloves are popular among wheelchair users
  • Use to slow down while descending a ramp
19
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Backrests

A
  • Height depends on strength of trunk muscles
  • Back height: support vs freedom of mvmt
    • Shoulder height if needs harness (poor control)
    • Within 2” of lower scapula: moderate support
    • Lower OK for active users (good trunk control)
  • Sling backrests are most common
    • provide little postural support
20
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Additional Features

A
  • Anti-tippers (help prevent tipping backwards)
  • Grade aids (keep chair from rolling backwards)
  • Chaster wheels (front wheels)
21
Q

If the seat is too tight

A

can cause pressure sores

22
Q

If the seat is too wide

A
  • can be difficult to reach hand rims and propel the wheelchair
  • Prevent manoeuvring through small spaces
23
Q

How to adjust the seat height

A
  • Let your hands dangle at your side when sitting in the chair
  • Fingertips should extend just past the chair’s axle
24
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Rear Axle Position

A
  • Allows the center of gravity to be adjusted for each individual and reduces the effort required to propel the wheelchair
  • Have an effect on shoulder joint forces and push frequency
25
Q

Characteristics of the Manual Wheelchair - Camber

A
  • Angle of the wheel with respect to the chair
  • Increase base of support = more stable
  • Help protect hands
  • Too much camber can make it hard to fit through doorways
  • Less friction, more stable, easier to turn*
26
Q

Best method to propel a wheelchair in a Safe and Efficient manner

A

A longer stroke means fewer strokes & less likely to get injured

  • Use of lower force = smooth
  • Approach the handrail from below which maximizes smoothness
  • Apply force gradually and consistently
27
Q

Wheelchair Transfer - Chair to Floor (4)

A

SHOES AND BRAKES ON

  1. Sit on the edge of the seat with feet on the floor
  2. Lean your trunk forward
  3. Place your non-dominant fist on the floor and your dominant hand on the front frame of the chair
  4. Slowly ease yourself to the floor and swing your rear away from the chair
28
Q

Wheelchair Transfer - Floor to Chair (two methods)

A
  1. Forward Facing Method
  2. Rear Facing Method
    FFM is generally more difficult and less practical
    - chair tends to tip forward
29
Q

Wheelchair Transfer - Forward Facing Method (4)

A
  1. In kneeling position facing your chair
  2. Use your arms (ND fist on floor and D hand on the seat) to bring your knees up to the foot plate
  3. Bring your dominant hand to the front of the chair frame and use both arms to push your body up while rotating trunk & pelvis
  4. Finish having your rear in your chair
30
Q

Wheelchair Transfer - Rear Facing Method (6)

A
  1. Feet positioned at 45 degrees from the chair
  2. Feet placed as close to your bottom as possible, use your chin to hold knees in place. Place ND fist on the floor and dominant hand on the front of the chair frame
    3/4. Use both arms to push your legs and body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis to be aligned with the chair
    5/6. For weak trunk muscles, use your hand and arm muscles to extend your trunk and reach a vertical position
31
Q

Elements to think about when aiding in wheelchair transfers (4)

A
  • Which side of their body would you support
  • Transfer towards their stronger side
  • Communication with individual
  • Be attentive to your back
32
Q

Wheelchair Transfer - Wheelchair to Chair (6)

A
  1. Explain procedure
  2. Lock the wheels of the chair
  3. Stand as close to the person as you can (maintain straight back)
  4. Grip the persons belt
  5. Lift as the person pushes up
  6. Pivot the person around and onto the chair
    * Keep the person’s weaker knee between your legs for added stability*

KCEP 210 midterm (7 decks)

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