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KCEP 210 midterm > Intellectual disability > Flashcards

Intellectual disability Flashcards

1
Q

ID definition

A
  • Substantial limitation in certain personal capabilities (slower)
  • Manifested is significantly subaverage intellect: IQ = 70
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2
Q

ID diagnosis

A 
Exist with related disability in 2 or more adaptive sill area:
- Communications
- Home living independently
- Community use (services)
- Health and Safety
- Work
- Self-care
- Social skills (interactions)
- Self-direction
- Functional academics
- Leisure
New concept : Adaptive Functioning
Begins before age 18
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3
Q

4 Range of ID and Functional Level

A
  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
  • Profound
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4
Q

Range of ID and Functional Level - Mild

A
  • Learn reading, writing and math skills between 3rd and 6th grade
  • May have jobs and live independently
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5
Q

Range of ID and Functional Level - Moderate

A
  • Learn basic reading and writing
  • Able to learn functional skill (safety and self-help)
  • Require some type of supervision
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6
Q

Range of ID and Functional Level - Severe

A
  • Not able to read and write
  • May learn self-help skills and routines
  • Require supervision in their activity of daily living (ADL)
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7
Q

Range of ID and Functional Level - Profound

A
  • Require intense support
  • May be able to communicate by verbal or other means
  • My have medical condition requiring ongoing treatment
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8
Q

Incidence of ID

A
  • Mild 90%
  • Moderate 5%
  • Severe 3,5%
  • Profound 1,5%
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9
Q

Incidence of ID in Canada

A
  • 0,5 to 1% of Canadian population = 190 000 to 380 000 people
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10
Q

Worldwide incidence and cause

A
  • Number one factor is malnutrition

- Higher incidence for total population worldwide

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11
Q

Were you born with this IQ potential or did you acquire it through stimulation during your childhood + teenage years?

A
  • You need both
  • If you are under stimulated as a kid it can reduce your IQ potential
  • vice versa
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12
Q

Etiology of ID (causes)

A
  • In 30-40% of individuals, no etiology can be determined
  • Prenatal : from conception to the end of 27th week of pregnancy
  • Perinatal : from 28th week of pregnancy to 28 days after birth
  • Postnatal: from 28 days postnatal to age 18
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13
Q

Etiology - Prenatal (Chromosomal/genetic disorders)

A
  • No control
  • abnormality of genes inherited from parents
    Example: Fragile X syndrome
  • result of a defective gene (cannot produce enough protein)
  • Mental function varies from severe to normal. Behaviours are often autistic, hyperactive, and impulsive
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14
Q

Etiology - Prenatal (down syndrome)

A

Errors when genes combine (no control)

  • failure of chromosomes pairs to separate properly during fertilization
  • ID level = mild
  • most people with DS fall into the mild category
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15
Q

Etiology - Prenatal (Environmental Influences)

A

Can be modified

  • Alcohol or drugs (10-20% of mild ID in developed countries can be traced directly to mother’s drinking)
  • Smoking
  • Malnutrition
  • Illness of the mother during pregnancy
    • Rubella
    • STI (HIV/AIDS & syphilis)
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16
Q

Etiology - Perinatal

A
  • Abnormal labor or delivery

- Prematurity and lower birth weight babies

17
Q

Etiology - Postnatal

A

-Childhood diseases (meningitis, encephalitis)
- swelling to the brain compressing the tissue and
leading to the death of neurons

  • Accidental TBI (before 18)
  • Exposure to lead, mercury, and other environmental toxins
  • Environmental deprivation
    • malnutrition
    • under-stimulated (child neglect + abuse)
18
Q

Dendrite Formation & Child Neglect

A

Dendritic spines can be determined by stimulation
- fewer, unusually thin and long are correlated with the degree of ID
– the more severe of ID the greater the changes to the dendritic spines
IT IS reversible if intervention occurs early
- done by less neglect and more stimulation

19
Q

ID - most limited capabilities

A
  • Abstract thinking
  • Concept formation
  • Generalization
  • Problem solving
20
Q

ID - Learning characteristics & implications for exercise (4)

A
  • Learn at a slower rate
  • Memory and retention: needs more repetitions
  • Difficulty generalizing (ex: treadmill)
  • Instructions must be concrete
21
Q

ID - Social characteristics

A
  • Able to live independently if IQ is higher than 50 (under supervision)
22
Q

ID - Motor Characteristics

A

Developmental motor delays

  • Increase in severe mental impairment = more lag
  • Increase in severe mental impairment = increased difficulty with ADLs and self-care
    • Walk (can be up to 3.2 years behind and talk later)
23
Q

ID - Physical Characteristics

A 
Physical Constraints:
- Short, fatter, wide hips
Fitness is a problem:
- Decreased strength, endurance, agility, balance, running speed, flexibility and reaction time
- Overweight
- Lower cardiovascular fitness
24
Q

Are physical constraints the only cause of fitness problems with ID?

A

No, also has to do with the motor delays that will contribute as well

KCEP 210 midterm (7 decks)

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