Wheelchair

Question 1

What is the most important thing to consider when planning the system?

a. age
b. funding
c. living environment
d. individual needs and use

Answer 1

individual needs and use

Question 2

A fixed asymmetry with malalignment that does not correct with minimal manual force will need what kind of intervention?

a. correct
b. accommodate

Answer 2

accommodate

Question 3

What are the considerations for accommodation?

Answer 3

prevent worsening of symptoms
postural supports should match the fixed spinal curve
respect the ROM limitations
do not correct position to point of resistance or compensation at the pelvis

Question 4

A flexible asymmetry that reverses with minimal manual force will need what kind of intervention?

a. accommodate
b. correct

Answer 4

correct

Question 5

What is the primary goal of posture and positioning?

Answer 5

function

Question 6

What needs to be considered with evaluation in short sitting?

Answer 6

what support does the pt need to maintain optimal posture?

is manual support by PT needed? and how much force is required, points of contact needed?

Question 7

What needs to be considered with evaluation in supine?

Answer 7

ROM limitations 
causes of "imbalanced" pelvis 
spinal alignment/malalignment 
quality of muscle tone 
fixed verse flexible deviations

Question 8

How should the pelvis be positioned in a wheelchair?

Answer 8

the hips as far back as possible

Question 9

Positioning the hips as far back as possible will influence

Answer 9

puts axle position more forward - decrease rolling resistance - increase propulsion efficiency

Question 10

What is important to consider for the front-end angle?

a. hamstring flexibility and tone
b. quad flexibility and tone
c. back flexibility
d. LE flexibility

Answer 10

hamstring flexibility and tone

Question 11

If the footrest height is too low the patient will have

Answer 11

posterior pelvic tilt
anterior slide
feet not supported by foot rest

Question 12

If the footrest height is too high the patient will have

Answer 12

increased ischial pressure

“splaying” of knees into abduction

Question 13

The rear seat height should be (higher/lower) than the front

Answer 13

lower

Question 14

An appropriate seat dump will
improve _ efficiency in elderly
improve propulsion biomechanics in _ subjects and _ the risk of injury
_ stabilizing muscle activity in SCI during reach tasks with tilt/reclined seat position

Answer 14

propulsion
SCI
decrease
decreased

Question 15

If seat dump is too little, you will see
_ trunk balance
_ pelvic tilt for stability
_ slide

Answer 15

decreased
posterior
anterior

Question 16

If seat dump is too much, you will see

Answer 16

decreased ability to transfer “tippy”

posterior pelvic tilt

Question 17

The elbow should be flexed _ degrees with the palm at 12:00 handrim

a. 80-100 degrees
b. 90-100 degrees
c. 100-120 degrees
d. 110-120 degrees

Answer 17

100-120 degrees

Question 18

If the seat height is too low, you will see
_ shoulder and wrist _
difficulty _

Answer 18

increased shoulder and wrist extension

difficulty transferring to other surfaces

Question 19

If the seat height is too high, you will see

Answer 19

short push stroke
increased stroke frequency
fatigue

Question 20

The goal with the backrest is to

Answer 20

optimize manual propulsion

Question 21

Height for the backrest should be _ as possible and at least _ inch below the _

Answer 21

low

1 inch below the inferior angle of the scapula

Question 22

if the patient is unable to balance in an upright back position

Answer 22

open the back angle

Question 23

If the patients backrest is too reclined, you will see an

Answer 23

increased forward head
ceiling gazy
tippy

Question 24

if the patients backrest is too upright, you will see
the trunk _ _
_ function without _ support

Answer 24

the trunk fall forward

unable to function without UE support

Question 25

The lumbar support should support a. the pelvis in a posterior tilt b. the pelvis slightly anterior tilted c. the pelvis in a neutral position d. the pelvis in a natural position

Answer 25

the pelvis in a neutral position

Question 26

seat tilt + posterior pelvic support =

Answer 26

stability

Question 27

if the lumbar support is too high, you will see the patient

Answer 27

pushes upper back forward

Question 28

if the lumbar support is too low, you will see the patient

Answer 28

push sacrum forward and encourage a posterior pelvic tilt

Question 29

be cautious with _ for lumbar support

Answer 29

skin

Question 30

in a manual wheelchair, after positioning the lumbar support, revisit _ position

Answer 30

axle

Question 31

the axle should be as far (forward/backward) as possible

Answer 31

forward

Question 32

how many inches should the front casters be off the floor in a balanced position for wheelies? a. 2-4 inches b. 3 inches c. 1-2 inches d. 1-3 inches

Answer 32

1-3 inches

Question 33

If the headrest is too high the patient

Answer 33

probably needs to be pulled back into wheelchair

Question 34

What 3 things need to be identified for the frontal view?

Answer 34

pelvis lower extremities trunk

Question 35

What are 3 types of pelvic asymmetries?

Answer 35

obliquity tilt: anterior, posterior rotation

Question 36

Pelvic asymmetries can be caused by

Answer 36

ROM limitations caused by HO, orthopedic restrictions, contractures spasticity muscle imbalance ischial shaving for previous pressure sores

Question 37

Trunk and neck asymmetries can be caused by

Answer 37

compensatory or pre-existing | righting responses

Question 38

It is important to correlate asymmetries with mat evaluation (True/false)

Answer 38

true

Question 39

If correction requires excessive force, possible skin compromise and discomfort, should you accommodate or correct?

Answer 39

accommodate

Question 40

What are two ways to accommodate and support?

Answer 40

custom orthoses | bracing

Question 41

Postural supports (should/shouldnt) match the fixed spinal curve

Answer 41

should

Question 42

Correct position to point of resistance or compensation at the pelvis (true/false)

Answer 42

false

Question 43

with obliquity and scoliosis, should you accommodate or correct?

Answer 43

correct

Question 44

What tone needs to be considered with front end angle?

Answer 44

hamstring tone

Question 45

symmetry is the primary goal (true/false)

Answer 45

false | FUNCTION

Question 46

What measurements are mostly taken and relevant?

Answer 46

depth and width

Question 47

What is considered the foundation for the wheelchair?

Answer 47

pelvis position front end angle footrest

Question 48

What is considered for posture, balance, and function?

Answer 48

``` seat squeeze seat height backrest balance positioning the lumbar headrest ```

Question 49

For the backrest - if they are unable to balance upright

Answer 49

open the back angle

Question 50

What is used to support and align? a. straps b. blocks c. back d. cushion

Answer 50

straps

Question 51

What is used to prevent motion in a direction? a. straps b. blocks c. back d. cushion

Answer 51

blocks

Question 52

Transport manual wheelchairs have adjustability (true/false)

Answer 52

false

Question 53

Standard manual wheelchairs can be used for a. short term use b. long term use

Answer 53

short term use

Question 54

Which wheelchair has a lower sear to floor for foot propulsion? a. standard manual b. hemi height manual c. high strength lightweight d. ultra lightweight

Answer 54

hemi height manual

Question 55

What patients are suitable for a hemi height manual wheelchair?

Answer 55

foot propellers CVA TBI CP

Question 56

What wheelchair can be used for in home use and limited community? a. standard manual b. hemi height manual c. high strength lightweight d. ultra lightweight

Answer 56

hemi height lightweight

Question 57

What wheelchair can be used for in home and full community use? a. standard manual b. hemi height manual c. high strength lightweight d. ultra lightweight

Answer 57

ultra lightweight

Question 58

What patients are suitable for a high strength lightweight manual?

Answer 58

CVA CP TBI

Question 59

What patients use a ultra lightweight manual?

Answer 59

SCI | CP

Question 60

A tilt in space manual should be used if the patient lacks

Answer 60

cognitive function to drive functional chair

Question 61

What patients use a tilt in space wheelchair?

Answer 61

TBI | CP

Question 62

What type of lock needs more trunk flexion to reach it?

Answer 62

scissor

Question 63

Group 2 PWC are used for patients that are able to

Answer 63

transfer independently

Question 64

Group 3 PWC are used for patients with

Answer 64

neurological deficits

Question 65

Positioning cushions are used for patients with

Answer 65

malalignment