Whats In A Medicine Flashcards
What is a base in terms of the bronsted-Lowry theory?
Proton acceptor
What is ionic bonding?
Ions are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, they both have a full outer shell. Electrostatic attraction holds positive and negative ions together.
What is metallic bonding
Positive ions are attracted to delocalised negative electrons. They form a lattice of closely packed positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.
What is covalent bonding?
Two atoms share electrons so they both have a full outer shell of electrons. Both positive nuclei are attracted electrostatically to the shared electrons
How do you make an ester?
Alcohol and an Carboxylic acid
What is the test for phenol?
Iron (iii) chloride - goes purple if there’s a phenol.
What is the test for an acid?
Sodium carbonate- Carboxylic acid would fizz
What is the quicker way to make an ester?
Acyl chloride + phenol > ester + HCL
What does refluxing do?
Makes sure you don’t lose any volatile organic substances.
What does distillation do?
Separate a liquid from any impurities
What does atom economy measure?
The efficiency of a reaction and how wasteful the reaction is.
What happens in infrared spectroscopy?
A bean of Ir radiation goes through the sample.
The IR energy is absorbed by the bonds in the molecules, increasing their vibrational energy. Different binds absorb different wavelengths and so the organic molecule can be identified.
What is an acid in terms of Bronsted-Lowry theory?
proton donor
What does the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy tell you?
How many hydrogens there are in a organic molecule and how there are arranged, you can work out the structure of the organic molecule
What are the successful outcome of clinical trials that would be necessary before the drug could be used?
Is it safe
If it works better than standard medication
If it’s not harmful
