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My words practice - Pronunciation > Whatever along the way > Flashcards

Whatever along the way Flashcards

1
Q

curious

A

cu‧ri‧ous /ˈkjʊəriəs $ ˈkjʊr-/ ●●○ W3 adjective
1 wanting to know about something → inquisitive

inquisitive

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2
Q

inquisitive

A

in‧quis‧i‧tive /ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv/ adjective
1 asking too many questions and trying to find out too many details about something or someone

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3
Q

insatiable

A

in‧sa‧tia‧ble /ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl/ adjective
always wanting more and more of something
insatiable appetite/desire/demand etc (for something)
his insatiable appetite for power
our insatiable thirst for knowledge
—insatiably adverb

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4
Q

avocado

A

av‧o‧ca‧do /ˌævəˈkɑːdəʊ◂ $ -doʊ◂/ (also avocado pear) noun (plural avocados) [countable]
Image of avocadoa fruit with a thick green or dark purple skin that is green inside and has a large seed in the middle

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5
Q

bread

A

bread /bred/ ●●● S2 W3 noun [uncountable]
1 a type of food made from flour and water that is mixed together and then baked
Would you like some bread with your soup?
a loaf of brown bread
a piece of bread and butter
2 → your/somebody’s bread and butter
3 → know which side your bread is buttered on
informal to know which people to be nice to in order to get advantages for yourself
4 old-fashioned informal money
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
fresh
Eat the bread while it’s nice and fresh.
stale (=hard and no longer fresh)
This bread’s stale – shall I throw it away?
crusty (=having a hard crust that is nice to eat)
Serve the soup with crusty bread.
mouldy British English, moldy American English (=covered with a green substance that grows on old food)
All there was in the house was a loaf of mouldy old bread.
white/brown bread
Would you like white bread or brown bread?
wholewheat bread (also wholemeal bread British English) (=bread made with flour that contains all of the grain)
Wholemeal bread is good for you.
home-made/home-baked bread
I love home-made bread.
PHRASES
a slice/piece of bread
Can I have another slice of bread?
a loaf of bread
He’s gone to buy a loaf of bread.
a chunk of bread (=a piece that you pull off a loaf instead of cutting it)
He tore off a chunk of bread and dipped it in the sauce.
VERBS
make/bake bread
We usually make our own bread.
cut/slice bread
Could you cut some bread?

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6
Q

tyrant

A

ty‧rant /ˈtaɪərənt $ ˈtaɪr-/ ●○○ noun [countable]
1 a ruler who has complete power and uses it in a cruel and unfair way
The country had long been ruled by tyrants.
2 someone who has power over other people, and uses it cruelly or unfairly
My headmaster was a real tyrant.

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7
Q

tyranny

A

tyr‧an‧ny /ˈtɪrəni/ noun (plural tyrannies) [countable, uncountable]
1 cruel or unfair control over other people
Gorky was often the victim of his grandfather’s tyranny.
the fight against tyranny
2 cruel and unfair government
organizations which have criticized the tyrannies of the government
3 → tyranny of the majority
tyranny of the minority
4 something in your life that limits your freedom to do things the way you want to
tyranny of
the tyranny of the nine-to-five working day

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8
Q

tyrannical

A

ty‧ran‧ni‧cal /təˈrænɪkəl/ adjective
behaving in a cruel and unfair way towards someone you have power over → tyrant
a tyrannical parent
tyrannical laws

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9
Q

authority

A

au‧thor‧i‧ty /ɔːˈθɒrəti, ə- $ ɒːˈθɑː-, əˈθɔː-/ ●●● W1 AWL noun (plural authorities)
1 POWER [uncountable] the power you have because of your official position
the authority to do something
Only the president has the authority to declare war.
authority over
Several countries claim authority over the islands.
in authority
I need to speak to someone in authority (=who has a position of power).
2 → the authorities

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10
Q

authorize

A

au‧thor‧ize (also authorise British English) /ˈɔːθəraɪz $ ˈɒː-/ ●○○ verb [transitive]
to give official permission for something
an authorized biography
authorize somebody to do something
Napoleon III authorized Haussmann to rebuild Paris.
► see thesaurus at allow

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11
Q

authority collocation

A

COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
have authority
Teachers should have the authority to discipline their students.
He has no authority over us anymore.
exercise/exert your authority (also wield authority formal) (=use your authority)
In practice it’s very difficult for the president to exercise his authority.
He was one of those people who want to wield authority over others.
abuse/misuse your authority (=use your authority in a bad way)
The mayor was accused of abusing his authority and taking bribes.
establish/assert/impose/stamp your authority (=show people that you have authority)
The new manager was anxious to establish her authority.
Robertson quickly stamped his authority on the team.
The State Department pressed him to take bolder steps to assert his authority.
lose your authority
He’s worried that he is losing his authority over the party.
undermine/weaken somebody’s authority (=make someone’s authority weaker)
I wasn’t trying to undermine your authority.
exceed/overstep your authority (=do more than you have the power or right to do)
A higher court decided that the judge had exceeded his authority.
challenge somebody’s authority (=try to take the power away from someone)
There had been no-one to really challenge his authority.

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12
Q

authoritarian

A

au‧thor‧i‧tar‧i‧an /ɔːˌθɒrəˈteəriən◂ $ ɒːˌθɑːrəˈter-, əˌθɔː-/ ●○○ adjective
strictly forcing people to obey a set of rules or laws, especially ones that are wrong or unfair
an authoritarian government
Critics claim his management has become too authoritarian.
► see thesaurus at strict
—authoritarian noun [countable]
—authoritarianism noun [uncountable]

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13
Q

authoritative

A

au‧thor‧i‧ta‧tive /ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv, ə- $ ɒːˈθɑːrəteɪtɪv, əˈθɔː-/ ●○○ AWL adjective
1 an authoritative book, account etc is respected because the person who wrote it knows a lot about the subject
the most authoritative work on English surnames
2 behaving or speaking in a confident determined way that makes people respect and obey you
He has a commanding presence and an authoritative voice.
—authoritatively adverb

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14
Q

totalitarian

A

to‧tal‧i‧tar‧i‧an /təʊˌtæləˈteəriən $ toʊˌtæləˈter-/ adjective
based on a political system in which ordinary people have no power and are completely controlled by the government
a totalitarian state/regime
► see thesaurus at government
—totalitarianism noun [uncountable]

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15
Q

salvation

A

sal‧va‧tion /sælˈveɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
1 something that prevents or saves someone or something from danger, loss, or failure
be somebody’s/something’s salvation
A drug treatment program was Ron’s salvation.
salvation of
The Internet turned out to be the salvation of the company.
2 in the Christian religion, the state of being saved from evil

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16
Q

the Salvation Army

A

a Christian organization that tries to help poor people
→ Salvation Army

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17
Q

enact

A

en‧act /ɪˈnækt/ verb [transitive]
1 formal to act in a play, story etc
a drama enacted on a darkened stage
2 law to make a proposal into a law
Congress refused to enact the bill.
—enactment noun [countable, uncountable]

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18
Q

trespass

A

tres‧pass1 /ˈtrespəs $ -pəs, -pæs/ verb [intransitive]
1 to go onto someone’s private land without their permission
trespass on
She was arrested for trespassing on government property.
► see thesaurus at enter
2 old use to do something wrong SYN sin
—trespasser noun [countable]

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19
Q

encroach

A

en‧croach /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ $ -ˈkroʊtʃ/ verb [intransitive always + adverb/preposition]
1 to gradually take more of someone’s time, possessions, rights etc than you should
encroach on/upon
Bureaucratic power has encroached upon the freedom of the individual.
2 to gradually cover more and more land
encroach into
The fighting encroached further east.
—encroachment noun [countable, uncountable]
foreign encroachment

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20
Q

parkour

A

par·kour /pɑːˈkʊə $ pɑːrˈkʊr/ noun [uncountable]
the sport of running through city streets and jumping between buildings SYN freerunning

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21
Q

leprechaun

A

lep‧re‧chaun /ˈleprəkɔːn $ -kɑːn, -kɒːn/ noun [countable]
an imaginary creature in the form of a little old man, in old Irish stories

and they are allegedly rich

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22
Q

clover

A

clo‧ver /ˈkləʊvə $ ˈkloʊvər/ noun [uncountable]
1 Image of clovera small plant, usually with three leaves on each stem. If you find one with four leaves, it is thought to bring you luck
a four-leaf clover

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23
Q

daisy

A

dai‧sy /ˈdeɪzi/ noun (plural daisies) [countable]
1 Image of daisya white flower with a yellow centre
2 → be pushing up (the) daisies = to be dead – used humorously
→ as fresh as a daisy1(11) = Despite his busy day he arrived looking as fresh as a daisy (=not tired and ready to do things).

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24
Q

genesis

A

gen‧e‧sis /ˈdʒenɪsɪs/ noun [singular] formal
the beginning or origin of something
genesis of
the genesis of the myth

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25
Q

exodus

A

ex‧o‧dus /ˈeksədəs/ noun [singular]
a situation in which a lot of people leave a particular place at the same time
exodus of
A massive exodus of doctors is forcing the government to recruit from abroad.
exodus from/to
the exodus from the countryside to the towns in the 19th century
I joined the mass exodus for drinks during the interval.

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26
Q

Genesis

A

Genesis
the first book of the Old Testament of the Bible, which describes the history of the Earth and its people. It includes the creation of Heaven and the Earth, the story of Adam and Eve and, and the story of the flood. Many people know the first words of Genesis
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

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27
Q

Exodus

A

Exodus
the second book of the Old Testament of the Bible, which tells the story of the Exodus, the journey out of Egypt to the Promised Land, made by Moses and the Israelites

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28
Q

Israelite

A

Is‧rael‧ite /ˈɪzrəlaɪt $ ˈɪzriə-/ noun, adjective biblical
someone who lived in Israel in the past when it was ruled by kings, or relating to this country or its people

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29
Q

Zionism

A

Zi‧on‧is‧m /ˈzaɪənɪzəm/ noun [uncountable]
support for the establishment and development of a state for the Jews in Israel
—Zionist noun [countable], adjective

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30
Q

Judaism

A

Ju‧da‧is‧m /ˈdʒuːdeɪ-ɪzəm, ˈdʒuːdə- $ ˈdʒuːdə-, ˈdʒuːdi-/ noun [uncountable]
the Jewish religion based on the sacred books known as the Hebrew Scriptures. These writings contain many of the books that are also in the Old Testament of the Christian bible.
—Judaic /dʒuːˈdeɪ-ɪk/ adjective

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31
Q

Judeo-Christian

A

Judeo-Christian
adjective
Ju·​deo-Chris·​tian jü-ˌdā-ō-ˈkris-chən -ˈkrish-, also ˌjü-dē-ō-, or jü-ˌdē-ō-
: having historical roots in both Judaism and Christianity

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32
Q

cloaca

A

/ kloʊˈeɪ kə /
The common cavity that serves as the opening for the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts in many vertebrates, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, monotremes, and some fishes.
The posterior part of the intestinal tract in various invertebrates.

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33
Q

debilitate

A

de‧bil‧i‧tate /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/ verb [transitive] formal
1 to make someone ill and weak
He was debilitated by his illness.
2 to make an organization or system less effective or powerful
The state is debilitated by inefficiency and corruption.
—debilitating adjective
a debilitating disease

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34
Q

sterile

A

ster‧ile /ˈsteraɪl $ -rəl/ adjective
1 a person or animal that is sterile cannot produce babies SYN infertile OPP fertile
make/render/leave somebody sterile
Radiotherapy has left her permanently sterile.
2 completely clean and not containing any bacteria that might cause infection
sterile equipment/water/bandages etc
Rinse the eye with sterile water.
► see thesaurus at clean
3 lacking new ideas, interest, or imagination OPP productive
sterile argument/debate etc
the increasingly sterile debate on political reform
4 a sterile building, room etc is not interesting or attractive and is often very plain
The classrooms are sterile, with no artwork on the walls.
5 sterile land cannot be used to grow crops SYN barren
—sterility /stəˈrɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

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35
Q

castrate

A

cas‧trate /kæˈstreɪt $ ˈkæstreɪt/ verb [transitive]
to remove the testicles of a male animal or a man
—castration /kæˈstreɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

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36
Q

gouge

A

gouge1 /ɡaʊdʒ/ verb [transitive]
to make a deep hole or cut in the surface of something
He took a knife and gouged a hole in the bottom of the boat.
→ gouge something ↔ out

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37
Q

chaplain

A

chap‧lain /ˈtʃæplɪn/ noun [countable]
a priest or other religious minister responsible for the religious needs of a club, the army, a hospital etc
the prison chaplain

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38
Q

covenant

A

cov‧e‧nant /ˈkʌvənənt/ noun [countable]
a legal agreement in which someone promises to pay a person or organization an amount of money regularly → endowment
—covenant verb [intransitive, transitive]
He covenanted to pay £30 a month into the fund.

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39
Q

soulless

A

spelling

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40
Q

countenance

A

coun‧te‧nance1 /ˈkaʊntənəns/ noun
[countable] literary your face or your expression
All colour drained from her countenance.

countenance2 verb [transitive]
formal to accept, support, or approve of something
countenance (somebody) doing something
I will not countenance you being rude to Dr Baxter.

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41
Q

contentment

A

con‧tent‧ment /kənˈtentmənt/ noun [uncountable]
the state of being happy and satisfied OPP discontent
He gave a sigh of contentment, and fell asleep.
a feeling of deep contentment
► see thesaurus at pleasure

discontentment
dis‧con‧tent /ˌdɪskənˈtent/ (also discontentment /-ˈtentmənt/) noun [uncountable]
a feeling of being unhappy and not satisfied with the situation you are in OPP contentment
discontent with
Discontent with the current government is strong.
discontent at/over
There is widespread discontent at the quality of education.
Perhaps she sensed my growing discontent.

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42
Q

ruminate

A

ru‧mi‧nate /ˈruːməneɪt/ verb [intransitive]
1 formal to think carefully and deeply about something
ruminate on/over
He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world.
2 technical if animals such as cows ruminate, they bring food back into their mouths from their stomachs and chew it again
—rumination /ˌruːməˈneɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

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43
Q

monetarily

A

spelling

monetary

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44
Q

desperate

A

spelling

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45
Q

immoral

A

im‧mor‧al /ɪˈmɒrəl $ ɪˈmɔː-/ adjective
1 morally wrong → amoral
Deliberately making people suffer is immoral.
It’s immoral to be rich while people are starving and homeless.
2 not following accepted standards of sexual behaviour
—immorally adverb
—immorality /ˌɪməˈræləti/ noun [uncountable]

un‧eth‧i‧cal /ʌnˈeθɪkəl/ AWL adjective
morally unacceptable → ethics
unethical medical practices
—unethically /-kli/ adverb

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46
Q

scrape

A

scrape1 /skreɪp/ ●●○ verb
1 [transitive] to remove something from a surface using the edge of a knife, a stick etc
Scrape the carrots and slice them thinly.
scrape something away/off
The earth was scraped away to uncover a trapdoor.
scrape something off/into etc something
Teresa scraped the mud off her boots.
The two of them scraped their dishes clean.
2 [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to rub against a rough surface in a way that causes slight damage or injury, or to make something do this → graze
The coat was too long; the hem scraped the pavement.
scrape against/on etc
I heard the side of the car scrape against the wall.
scrape something against/on something
I scraped my knee painfully on the concrete.
3 [intransitive, transitive] to make a noise by rubbing roughly against a surface
Chairs scraped loudly as they stood up.
scrape (something) on/down/against something
He opened the gate quietly, trying not to let it scrape on the gravel.
4 → scrape home
5 → scrape (the bottom of) the barrel
6 [transitive] technical if a computer program scrapes data, it collects it from a website

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47
Q

caffeine

A

caf‧feine /ˈkæfiːn $ kæˈfiːn/ noun [uncountable]
a substance in tea, coffee, and some other drinks that makes you feel more active → decaffeinated
Avoid caffeine (=drinks with caffeine) before bedtime.
a caffeine-free cola
—caffeinated /ˈkæfɪneɪtɪd/ adjective

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48
Q

booze

A

booze1 /buːz/ noun [singular, uncountable]
informal alcoholic drink
a bottle of booze
on the booze
He’s been on the booze (=drinking too much alcohol) for five days.
off the booze
My husband is now off the booze (=no longer drinking too much alcohol) and he is a different person.

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49
Q

cull

A

cull1 /kʌl/ verb [transitive]
1 to kill animals so that there are not too many of them, or so that a disease does not spread
2 formal to find or choose information from many different places SYN collate
cull something from something
The data had been culled from a variety of sources.

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50
Q

vacant

A

va‧cant /ˈveɪkənt/ ●●○ adjective
1 a vacant seat, building, room, or piece of land is empty and available for someone to use
Only a few apartments were still vacant.
There was only a vacant lot (=empty unused area of land in a city) where her house used to be.
► see thesaurus at empty
Register
In everyday English, people usually say that a seat or room is free rather than vacant:
Is this seat free?
2 formal a job or position in an organization that is vacant is available for someone to start doing
fall vacant British English (=become vacant)
He was offered the position of headmaster when it fell vacant.
situations vacant British English (=the part of a newspaper where jobs are advertised)
3 → vacant expression/look/stare etc
—vacantly adverb
Cindy was staring vacantly into space.

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51
Q

vacancy

A

va‧can‧cy /ˈveɪkənsi/ ●○○ noun (plural vacancies)
1 [countable] a job that is available for someone to start doing
There are still two vacancies on the school board.
vacancy for
We have no vacancies for photographers at the moment.
The council is making every effort to fill the vacancies.
information about job vacancies
► see thesaurus at job
2 [countable] a room in a hotel or building that is not being used and is available for someone to stay in
Let me see if we have a vacancy for tonight.
‘No vacancies’, the sign read.
3 [uncountable] written lack of interest or thought
His mouth fell open and the look of vacancy returned.
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + VACANCY
a job vacancy
He searched the newspapers regularly for job vacancies.
a suitable vacancy
We will keep your CV on file in case other suitable vacancies arise.
an unfilled vacancy (=a job for which no one has been hired)
The teaching unions estimate there are some 10,000 unfilled vacancies.
a staff vacancy
Other officers are working overtime because of staff vacancies.
VERBS
have a vacancy
We have no vacancies for cleaners at present.
advertise a vacancy
Where did you see the vacancy advertised?
fill a vacancy (=find or be a new person for a job)
We are making every effort to fill the vacancies.
create/leave a vacancy
the vacancy which was created by White’s resignation
there is a vacancy
She asked if there were any vacancies for salespeople.
a vacancy comes up (also a vacancy arises/occurs formal) (=there is a vacancy)
A vacancy has arisen on the committee.

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52
Q

endure

A

en‧dure /ɪnˈdjʊə $ ɪnˈdjʊr/ ●○○ verb
1 [transitive] to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining
It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.
endure doing something
He can’t endure being apart from me.
Register
In everyday English, people usually say stand rather than endure:
I couldn’t stand the pain.
2 [intransitive] to remain alive or continue to exist for a long time
friendships which endure over many years

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53
Q

axis

A

ax‧is /ˈæksɪs/ ●○○ noun (plural axes /-siːz/) [countable]
1 the imaginary line around which a large round object, such as the Earth, turns
The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles.
2 a line drawn across the middle of a regular shape that divides it into two equal parts
3 either of the two lines of a graph, by which the positions of points are measured
the vertical/horizontal axis

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54
Q

tripe

A

tripe /traɪp/ noun [uncountable]
1 the stomach of a cow or pig, used as food
tripe and onions
2 especially British English informal something someone says or writes that is stupid or untrue
What Charles was saying was utter tripe.

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55
Q

samp

A

Samp
South African corn kernel dish
Samp is a food made from dried corn kernels that have been pounded and chopped until broken, but not as finely ground as mealie-meal or mielie rice. The coating around the kernel loosens and is removed during the pounding and stamping process.

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56
Q

chronology

A

chro‧nol‧o‧gy /krəˈnɒlədʒi $ -ˈnɑː-/ noun (plural chronologies)
1 [uncountable] the order in which events happened in the past
chronology of
It is important to establish the chronology of the events.
2 [countable] an account of events in the order in which they happened
The book includes a chronology of his life and works.

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57
Q

chronological

A

chron‧o‧log‧i‧cal /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑː-/ adjective
1 arranged according to when things happened or were made
We arranged the documents in chronological order.
2 → chronological age
—chronologically /-kli/ adverb
The paintings are displayed chronologically.

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58
Q

amen

A

a‧men /ɑːˈmen, eɪ-/ interjection, noun [countable]
1 a word used to end a prayer
Blessed be the Lord, Amen!
McAllister murmured a fervent amen.
2 → amen to that

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59
Q

steadfast

A

stead‧fast /ˈstedfɑːst $ -fæst/ adjective literary
1 faithful and very loyal
her father’s steadfast love for her
2 being certain that you are right about something and refusing to change your opinion in any way
steadfast in
Dr Faraday remained steadfast in his plea of innocence.
—steadfastly adverb
—steadfastness noun [uncountable]

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60
Q

veil

A

veil1 /veɪl/ ●○○ noun [countable]
1 a thin piece of material that women wear to cover their faces at formal occasions or for religious reasons
She lifted her veil with both hands.
a bridal veil
2 → the veil
3 → draw a veil over something
4 → veil of secrecy/deceit/silence etc
5 → veil of mist/cloud/smoke etc
6 → take the veil

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61
Q

vale

A

vale /veɪl/ noun [countable] literary
1 a broad low valley
2 → a/the/this vale of tears: a/the/this vale of tears literary
an expression used to mean the difficulties of life

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62
Q

celestial

A

ce‧les‧ti‧al /səˈlestiəl $ -tʃəl/ adjective [usually before noun]
1 relating to the sky or heaven
celestial bodies (=the Sun, Moon, stars etc)
2 literary very beautiful

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63
Q

levitate

A

lev‧i‧tate /ˈlevɪteɪt/ verb [intransitive, transitive]
to rise and float in the air by magic, or to make someone or something do this
—levitation /ˌlevɪˈteɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

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64
Q

depot

A

dep‧ot /ˈdepəʊ $ ˈdiːpoʊ/ ●○○ noun [countable]
1 a place where goods are stored until they are needed
the company’s distribution depot
a fuel storage depot
2 → bus/tram etc depot
3 American English a railway station or bus station, especially a small one

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65
Q

sarcophagus

A

sar‧coph‧a‧gus /sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs $ sɑːrˈkɑː-/ noun (plural sarcophagi /-ɡaɪ/) [countable]
a decorated stone box for a dead body, used in ancient times
Examples from the Corpus
sarcophagus
* Stylianos Alexiou describes pictures on a sarcophagus that show music being played at a bull sacrifice.
* In the centre stood a sarcophagus.

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66
Q

exorbitant

A

ex‧or‧bi‧tant /ɪɡˈzɔːbətənt $ -ɔːr-/ ●○○ adjective
an exorbitant price, amount of money etc is much higher than it should be SYN astronomical
exorbitant rent/prices etc
exorbitant rates of interest
► see thesaurus at expensive
—exorbitantly adverb

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67
Q

raise / rise

A

raised / rose
(past tense rose /rəʊz $ roʊz/, past participle risen /ˈrɪzən/)

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68
Q

ride

A

(past tense rode /rəʊd $ roʊd/, past participle ridden /ˈrɪdn/)

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69
Q

socialite

A

so‧cial‧ite /ˈsəʊʃəl-aɪt $ ˈsoʊ-/ noun [countable]
someone who is well known for going to many fashionable parties, and who is often rich
a Washington socialite

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70
Q

robust

A

ro‧bust /rəˈbʌst, ˈrəʊbʌst $ rəˈbʌst, ˈroʊ-/ ●○○ adjective
1 a robust person is strong and healthy
a robust man of six feet four
► see thesaurus at healthy
2 a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems
The formerly robust economy has begun to weaken.
3 a robust object is strong and not likely to break SYN sturdy
a robust metal cabinet
► see thesaurus at strong
4 showing determination or strong opinions
a typically robust performance by the prime minister
5 robust food or flavours have a good strong taste
a robust cheese
—robustly adverb
—robustness noun [uncountable]

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71
Q

abomination

A

a‧bom‧i‧na‧tion /əˌbɒməˈneɪʃən $ əˌbɑː-/ noun
[countable] someone or something that is extremely offensive or unacceptable
Slavery was an abomination.

disgusting?

Examples from the Corpus
abomination
* His ruling may have been an abomination, but it was neither a high crime nor a misdemeanor.

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72
Q

perseverance

A

per‧se‧ver‧ance /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrəns / noun [uncountable]
determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval
It took perseverance to overcome his reading problems.
Examples from the Corpus
perseverance
* Captain Benson praised his men’s courage and perseverance in dealing with a very dangerous situation.
* All of them continue to enhance the role of the church musician by their devotion and perseverance.

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73
Q

devotion

A

de‧vo‧tion /dɪˈvəʊʃən $ -ˈvoʊ-/ ●○○ AWL noun
1 [uncountable] the strong love that you show when you pay a lot of attention to someone or something
devotion to
Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.
2 [uncountable] the loyalty that you show towards a person, job etc, especially by working hard → dedication
devotion to
the soldier’s courage and devotion to duty
his integrity and devotion to his patients
3 [uncountable] strong religious feeling

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74
Q

vaudeville

A

vau‧de‧ville /ˈvɒːdvɪl/ noun [uncountable] American English
a type of theatre entertainment, popular from the 1880s to the 1950s, in which there were many short performances of different kinds, including singing, dancing, jokes etc → music hall

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75
Q

mind-boggling

A

mind-ˌboggling adjective informal
difficult to imagine and very big, strange, or complicated
a problem of mind-boggling complexity

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76
Q

mind-bending

A

mind-ˌbending adjective [usually before noun] informal
1 mind-bending drugs have a strong effect on your mind and make you have very strange feelings and experiences
2 difficult to understand
Infinity in space is a mind-bending concept.
Examples from the Corpus
mind-bending
* The forms have a page of mind-bending charts to help you figure out your tax.
* Perhaps it all has something to do with those mind-bending drugs.

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77
Q

grandeur

A

gran‧deur /ˈɡrændʒjər / noun [uncountable]
impressive beauty, power, or size
the grandeur of the mountains
→ delusions of grandeur = the belief that you are much more important or powerful than you really are

Examples from the Corpus
grandeur
* It is foreign domesticity and local grandeur.
* The classical progression is then to delusions of grandeur with absurd claims of past and present achievements.
* Delusions of grandeur, of course.

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78
Q

tinker

A

tin‧ker1 /ˈtɪŋkə $ -ər/ verb [intransitive]
to make small changes to something in order to repair it or make it work better
tinker with
Congress has been tinkering with the legislation.
tinker around with something
Dad was always tinkering around with engines.

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79
Q

parlor

A

parlor American English, par‧lour British English /ˈpɑːlə $ ˈpɑːrlər/ noun [countable]
1 → ice-cream/funeral/tattoo parlour
2 old-fashioned a room in a house which has comfortable chairs and is used for meeting guests

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80
Q

brothel

A

broth‧el /ˈbrɒθəl $ ˈbrɑː-, ˈbrɒː-/ noun [countable]
a house where men pay to have sex with prostitutes

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81
Q

malleable

A

mal‧le‧a‧ble /ˈmæliəbəl/ adjective
1 technical something that is malleable is easy to press or pull into a new shape
malleable steel
2 formal someone who is malleable can be easily influenced or changed by other people
a malleable child
—malleability /ˌmæliəˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

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82
Q

gullible

A

gul‧li‧ble /ˈɡʌləbəl/ adjective
too ready to believe what other people tell you, so that you are easily tricked
Plastic replicas of the Greek pottery are sold to gullible tourists.
—gullibility /ˌɡʌləˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

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83
Q

venereal disease

A

ve‧ne‧re‧al dis‧ease /vəˈnɪəriəl dɪˌziːz $ -ˈnɪr-/ noun [countable, uncountable] old-fashioned VD
STD

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84
Q

ingenious

A

in‧ge‧ni‧ous /ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/ ●○○ adjective
1 an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas
Many fish have ingenious ways of protecting their eggs from predators.
an ingenious device
2 someone who is ingenious is very good at inventing things or at thinking of new ideas
—ingeniously adverb
Examples from the Corpus
ingenious
* A scanner is an ingenious device which enables you to feed pictures, photos or documents into a computer system.
* The catalogue is full of ingenious ideas for transforming your house into a dream home.

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85
Q

indigenous

A

in‧di‧ge‧nous /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ adjective formal
indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else SYN native
indigenous to
Blueberries are indigenous to America.
the many indigenous cultures which existed in Siberia

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86
Q

indecent

A

in‧de‧cent /ɪnˈdiːsənt/ adjective
1 something that is indecent is shocking and offensive, usually because it involves sex or shows parts of the body that are usually covered
indecent exposure
He was found guilty of possessing indecent photographs.
You can’t go out in that dress – it’s positively indecent!
2 completely unacceptable
The funeral formalities were performed with almost indecent haste.
—indecently adverb
an indecently short skirt

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87
Q

misfire

A

mis‧fire /ˌmɪsˈfaɪə $ -ˈfaɪr/ verb [intransitive]
1 if a plan or joke misfires, it goes wrong and does not have the result that you intended → backfire
His attempt at a joke misfired.
I was worried that the plan might misfire.
2 if an engine misfires, the petrol mixture does not burn at the right time
3 if a gun misfires, the bullet does not come out

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88
Q

plummet

A

plum‧met /ˈplʌmɪt/ (also plummet down) verb [intransitive]
1 to suddenly and quickly decrease in value or amount SYN plunge
plummet from something to something
Profits plummeted from £49 million to £11 million.
House prices have plummeted down.
► see thesaurus at decrease
2 to fall suddenly and quickly from a very high place SYN plunge
The plane plummeted towards the Earth.

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89
Q

mirage

A

mi‧rage /ˈmɪrɑːʒ $ məˈrɑːʒ/ noun [countable]
1 an effect caused by hot air in a desert, which makes you think that you can see objects when they are not actually there
2 a dream, hope, or wish that cannot come true SYN illusion
Perhaps we are just chasing a mirage.

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90
Q

climactic

A

cli‧mac‧tic /klaɪˈmæktɪk/ adjective
forming a very exciting or important part of an event or story, especially near the end of it → climax
a climactic moment
Examples from the Corpus
climactic
* They moved together to the edge of fulfilment - and beyond, crying out as the climactic explosion burst upon them.

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91
Q

rowdy

A

row‧dy1 /ˈraʊdi/ adjective
behaving in a noisy rough way that is likely to cause arguments and fighting
gangs of rowdy youths
► see thesaurus at loud
—rowdily adverb
—rowdiness noun [uncountable]
—rowdyism noun [uncountable]

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92
Q

niusance

A

nui‧sance /ˈnjuːsəns $ ˈnuː-/ ●●○ S3 noun
1 [countable usually singular] a person, thing, or situation that annoys you or causes problems
a real/awful/terrible etc nuisance
The dogs next door are a real nuisance.
What a nuisance! British English
What a nuisance! I’ve forgotten my ticket.
I hate to be a nuisance …/Sorry to be a nuisance …
I hate to be a nuisance, but could you move your car to the other side of the street?
Stop making a nuisance of yourself (=annoying other people with your behaviour)!
It’s a nuisance having to get up that early on a Sunday morning.
2 [countable, uncountable] law the use of a place or property in a way that causes public annoyance
The nightclub has been declared a public nuisance.

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93
Q

heyday

A

hey‧day /ˈheɪdeɪ/ noun [countable usually singular]
the time when someone or something was most popular, successful, or powerful
in somebody’s heyday
Greta Garbo in her heyday

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94
Q

apologize

A

apology

spelling

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95
Q

inquire / enquire

A

enquire = mostly British English

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96
Q

cost

A

conjugation: cost / cost / cost

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97
Q

antelope

A

an‧te‧lope /ˈæntələʊp $ ˈæntəl-oʊp/ noun [countable]
an animal with long horns that can run very fast and is very graceful

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98
Q

springbok

A

/ˈsprɪŋbɒk $ -bɑːk/ noun [countable]
a small deer that can run fast and lives in South Africa

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99
Q

ostrich

A

/ˈɒstrɪtʃ $ ˈɒː-, ˈɑː-/ noun [countable]
1 Image of ostricha large African bird with long legs, that runs very quickly but cannot fly
2 informal someone who does not deal with difficult problems but tries to pretend that they do not exist

Do ostriches bury their head in the sand? Nope, it’s a myth.

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100
Q

medallion

A

a piece of metal shaped like a large coin, worn as jewellery on a chain around the neck
a silver medallion

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101
Q

stoep

A

porch /pɔːtʃ $ pɔːrtʃ/ ●●● S3 noun [countable]
1 British English an entrance covered by a roof outside the front door of a house or church
2 American English a structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls

102
Q

tripe

A

tripe /traɪp/ noun [uncountable]
1 the stomach of a cow or pig, used as food
tripe and onions
2 especially British English informal something someone says or writes that is stupid or untrue
What Charles was saying was utter tripe.

103
Q

kudu

A

küdü
greater kudu
a large African antelope

104
Q

antidote

A

/ˈæntɪdəʊt $ -doʊt/ ●○○ noun [countable]
1 a substance that stops the effects of a poison
antidote to
There is no known antidote to a bite from this snake.
2 something that makes an unpleasant situation better
laughter, the antidote to stress

105
Q

lunisolar

A

reminder

106
Q

chapel

A

ˈtʃæpəl/ ●●○ noun
1 [countable] a small church, or a room in a hospital, prison, big church etc in which Christians pray and have religious services
2 [countable] a building where Christians who are Nonconformists have religious services
3 [uncountable] British English the religious services held in a chapel
Bethan goes to chapel every Sunday.
4 [countable] British English the members of a union in the newspaper or printing industry

107
Q

Chaplin

A

spelling

108
Q

up in arms

A

protesting vigorously against sth

109
Q

Gemini

A

spelling / Pron.

109
Q

magpie

A

mag‧pie /ˈmæɡpaɪ/ noun [countable]
1 a bird with black and white feathers and a long tail
2 informal someone who likes collecting things

110
Q

raven

A

/ˈreɪvən/ noun [countable]
a large shiny black bird

raven2 adjective [only before noun] literary
raven hair is black and shiny

111
Q

crow

A

crow1 /krəʊ $ kroʊ/ noun
1 [countable] a large shiny black bird with a loud cry
2 [singular] the loud sound a cock makes

112
Q

scarecrow

A

scare‧crow /ˈskeəkrəʊ $ ˈskerkroʊ/ noun [countable]
an object in the shape of a person that a farmer puts in a field to frighten birds away

American English a weak opponent or imaginary argument that can easily be defeated

113
Q

parole

A

/pəˈrəʊl $ -ˈroʊl/ noun [uncountable]
permission for someone to leave prison, on the condition that they promise to behave well
on parole
He was released on parole after serving two years.
She will become eligible for parole in 19 months.

114
Q

dreary

A

/ˈdrɪəri $ ˈdrɪri/ (also drear /drɪə $ drɪr/ literary) adjective
dull and making you feel sad or bored
the same dreary routine
a dreary winter’s day
—dreariness noun [uncountable]

115
Q

axis

A

/ˈæksɪs/ ●○○ noun (plural axes /-siːz/) [countable]
1 the imaginary line around which a large round object, such as the Earth, turns
The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles.
2 a line drawn across the middle of a regular shape that divides it into two equal parts
3 either of the two lines of a graph, by which the positions of points are measured
the vertical/horizontal axis

Axis, the (also the Axis powers, the Axis countries) noun
the countries, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, who fought together during World War II against the Allies.

Axis of ˈEvil, the
a phrase used by US President George W. Bush in a speech in April 2002 to describe countries that he claimed supported terrorism (=use of violence to obtain political demands) and wanted to obtain chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons

116
Q

superfluous

A

su‧per‧flu‧ous /suːˈpɜːfluəs $ -ˈpɜːr-/ adjective formal
more than is needed or wanted SYN unnecessary
a modern building with no superfluous decoration
—superfluously adverb

117
Q

superficial

A

su‧per‧fi‧cial /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəl◂ $ -pər-/ ●○○ adjective
1 NOT LOOKING/STUDYING CAREFULLY not studying or looking at something carefully and only seeing the most noticeable things
superficial examination/study etc
Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws.
Naturally, such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of prison life.
2 APPEARANCE seeming to have a particular quality, although this is not true or real
superficial resemblance/similarity
Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are, in fact, very different.
Beneath his refined manners and superficial elegance lay something treacherous.
at/on a superficial level
At a superficial level, things seem to have remained the same.
3 WOUND/DAMAGE affecting only the surface of your skin or the outside part of something, and therefore not serious
She escaped with only superficial cuts and bruises.
superficial damage
4 PERSON someone who is superficial does not think about things that are serious or important – used to show disapproval SYN shallow
All the other girls seemed silly and superficial to Darlene.
5 NOT IMPORTANT superficial changes, difficulties etc are not important and do not have a big effect SYN minor
superficial changes in government policies
6 TOP LAYER existing in or relating to the top layer of something, especially soil, rock etc
—superficially adverb
—superficiality /ˌsuːpəfɪʃiˈæləti $ -pər-/ noun [uncountable]

118
Q

counterintuitive

A

/ˌkaʊn.t̬ɚ.ɪnˈtuː.ɪ.t̬ɪv/

119
Q

replicate

A

/ˈreplɪkeɪt/ ●○○ verb
1 [transitive] formal if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again
There is a need for further research to replicate these findings.
2 [intransitive, transitive] technical if a virus or a molecule replicates, or if it replicates itself, it divides and produces exact copies of itself
the ability of DNA to replicate itself
—replication /ˌreplɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

120
Q

replica

A

/ˈreplɪkə/ noun [countable]
an exact copy of something, especially a building, a gun, or a work of art
replica of
an exact replica of the Taj Mahal
replica guns

121
Q

leap year

A

leap year noun [countable]
a year, which happens every fourth year, when February has 29 days instead of 28

29th of Feb = leap day

122
Q

parody

A

/ˈpærədi/ ●○○ noun (plural parodies)
1 [countable, uncountable] a piece of writing, music etc or an action that copies someone or something in an amusing way
parody of
a brilliant parody of classical dance
in a parody of something
He swung the door wide open in a parody of welcome.
Her performance contains a strong element of self-parody (=when someone makes fun of their own style).
2 [countable] something that is not a correct or acceptable example of something
parody of
Although his comment was a parody of the truth, Diana was upset by it.
The trial was a parody of justice (=very unfair).

123
Q

scapegoat

A

In the Bible, a scapegoat is one of a pair of kid goats that is released into the wilderness, taking with it all sins and impurities, while the other is sacrificed.

scape‧goat /ˈskeɪpɡəʊt $ -ɡoʊt/ noun [countable]
someone who is blamed for something bad that happens, even if it is not their fault
scapegoat for
She believed she had been made a scapegoat for what happened.
—scapegoat verb [transitive]

124
Q

Book of Deuteronomy

A

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Torah, where it is called Devarim and the fifth book of the Christian Old Testament. Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to the Israelites by Moses on the Plains of Moab, shortly before they enter the Promised Land.

125
Q

communal

A

com‧mu‧nal /ˈkɒmjənəl, kəˈmjuːnl $ ˈkɑː-/ ●○○ adjective
1 shared by a group of people or animals, especially a group who live together
a communal bathroom
2 involving people from many different races, religions, or language groups
the worst communal violence in two years
3 relating or belonging to all the people living in a particular community
crops grown on communal land

126
Q

entirety

A

en‧tir‧e‧ty /ɪnˈtaɪrti/ noun formal
1 → in its/their entirety
2 → the entirety of something

127
Q

diaspora

A

di‧as‧po‧ra /daɪˈæspərə/ noun [countable]
1 → the Diaspora
2 the spreading of people from a national group or culture to other areas
the African diaspora
Origin diaspora (1800-1900) Greek diaspeirein “to scatter”

128
Q

oscillate

A

Related topics: Electrical, Electricity
os‧cil‧late /ˈɒsəleɪt $ ˈɑː-/ verb [intransitive]
1 formal to keep changing between two extreme amounts or limits
The stock market is oscillating wildly at the moment.
oscillate between
His income oscillated between £1,500 and £2,000 a month.
2 formal to keep changing between one feeling or attitude and another
oscillate between
Her attitude towards me oscillated between friendship and hostility.
3 to move backwards and forwards in a regular way
The needle on the dial began to oscillate.
4 technical if an electric current oscillates, it changes direction very regularly and very frequently
→ See Verb table

129
Q

Pendulum

A

pen‧du‧lum /ˈpendʒələm/ noun [countable]
1 Image of penduluma long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock
2 → the pendulum

130
Q

Latin

A

Lat‧in1 /ˈlætɪn $ ˈlætn/ noun
1 [uncountable] the language used in ancient Rome
2 [countable] someone from Latin America
3 [countable] someone from a southern European country whose language developed from Latin, for example Spain, Portugal, or Italy

131
Q

resonate

A

res‧o‧nate /ˈrezəneɪt/ verb [intransitive]
1 if something such as an event or a message resonates, it seems important or good to people, or continues to do this
resonate with
an idea that resonates with many voters
2 to make a deep loud clear sound that continues for a long time → resound
The music resonated through the streets.
3 to make a sound that is produced as a reaction to another sound
→ resonate with something

132
Q

buzzing

A

EXCITEMENT [intransitive] if a group of people or a place is buzzing, there is a lot of activity or excitement
buzz with
a classroom buzzing with activity

133
Q

quirky

A

quirk‧y /ˈkwɜːki $ -ɜːr-/ adjective
unusual, especially in an interesting way
I like his quirky sense of humour.
—quirkily adverb
—quirkiness noun [uncountable]

extraordinary

134
Q

extravagant

A

ex‧trav‧a‧gant /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/ ●●○ adjective
1 spending or costing a lot of money, especially more than is necessary or more than you can afford
Would it be too extravagant to buy both?
an extravagant lifestyle
2 doing or using something too much or more than is necessary
extravagant with
Don’t be too extravagant with the wine.
an extravagant display of loyalty
3 if someone makes extravagant claims, promises etc, they make big claims or promises that are not true or real
extravagant claims about the drug’s effectiveness
4 very impressive because of being very expensive, beautiful etc
extravagant celebrations
—extravagantly adverb
—extravagance noun [countable, uncountable]
the extravagance of the Royal Palace
His only extravagance (=the only expensive thing he bought) was fine wine.

135
Q

necromancer

A

nec‧ro‧man‧cy /ˈnekrəmænsi/ noun [uncountable]
1 magic, especially evil magic
2 literary the practice of claiming to talk with the dead
—necromancer noun [countable]

136
Q

burn

A

burned / burnt both are fine

137
Q

defy

A

de‧fy /dɪˈfaɪ/ ●●○ verb (defied, defying, defies) [transitive]
1 to refuse to obey a law or rule, or refuse to do what someone in authority tells you to do → defiance
people who openly defy the law
► see thesaurus at disobey
2 → defy description/analysis/belief etc
3 → defy logic/the odds etc
4 → I defy somebody to do something

138
Q

hallow

A

hallow /ˈhæl,oʊ/
transitive verb
To make or set apart as holy.
To respect or honor greatly; revere.
To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence.

139
Q

crestfallen

A

crest‧fal‧len /ˈkrestˌfɔːlən $ -ˌfɒːl-/ adjective
looking disappointed and upset SYN downcast
He came back looking crestfallen.
► see thesaurus at disappointed

140
Q

nutritionist vs dietician

A

nu‧tri‧tion‧ist /nuːˈtrɪʃənɪst/ noun [countable]
someone who has a special knowledge of nutrition

di‧e‧ti‧cian, dietitian /ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃən/ noun [countable]
someone who is trained to give people advice about what it is healthy for them to eat and drink

141
Q

forfeit

A

for‧feit1 /ˈfɔːfɪt $ ˈfɔːr-/ verb [transitive]
to lose a right, position, possession etc or have it taken away from you because you have broken a law or rule
By being absent from the trial, he forfeited the right to appeal.
She was fined £3,000 and ordered to forfeit her car.

142
Q

resurrection

A

res‧ur‧rec‧tion /ˌrezəˈrekʃən/ noun [singular]
formal a situation in which something old or forgotten returns or becomes important again
a resurrection of old jealousies
Examples from the Corpus
resurrection
* His death and resurrection as shaman lies in his future.
* the city’s economic resurrection

Resurrection, the
1 the return of Christ to life after his death as described in the Bible, which is remembered with ceremonies at Easter, and is one of the main beliefs on which Christianity is based
2 the return of all dead people to life at the end of the world. Christians believe that, as a result of Christ’s resurrection, the souls of people who believe in him will be united with their bodies on Judgment Day, in a form that will last for ever.

143
Q

farce

A

farce /fɑːs $ fɑːrs/ noun
1 [singular] an event or a situation that is very badly organized or does not happen properly, in a way that is silly and unreasonable
She admitted that the interview had been a complete farce from start to finish.
2 [countable, uncountable] a humorous play or film in which the characters are involved in complicated and silly situations, or the style of writing or acting that is used

144
Q

telegraphic

A

adjective
Of, relating to, or transmitted by telegraph.
Brief or concise.
“a telegraphic style of writing.”

145
Q

dibble

A

/dĭb′əl/
A pointed gardening implement used to make holes in soil, especially for planting bulbs or seedlings.

146
Q

flint

A

flint /flɪnt/ noun
1 [uncountable] a type of smooth hard stone that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel
2 [countable] a piece of this stone or a small piece of metal that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel

147
Q

devoid

A

de‧void /dɪˈvɔɪd/ adjective formal
→ be devoid of something
Examples from the Corpus
devoid
* The place is small, starkly lit and devoid of decorative embellishments.

148
Q

hemorrhoids

A

hem‧or‧rhoids /ˈhemərɔɪdz/ noun [plural]
the American spelling of haemorrhoids

149
Q

happenstance

A

hap‧pen‧stance /ˈhæpənstæns/ noun [countable, uncountable] literary
chance, or something that happens by chance

150
Q

pique someone’s curiosity, interest, etc.
idiom

A

pique your interest/curiosity
especially American English to make you feel interested in something or someone
She was hostile to him, which piqued his curiosity.
The noise continued, piquing her curiosity.

pique1 /piːk/ noun [uncountable]
1 a feeling of being annoyed or upset, especially because someone has ignored you or insulted you
He stormed out in a fit of pique.
2 (also piqué) a type of material made of cotton, silk, or rayon

pique2 verb
1 [transitive] to make someone feel annoyed or upset, especially by ignoring them or making them look stupid
Privately, Zarich was piqued that his offer was rejected.
Grammar
Pique is usually passive in this meaning.

151
Q

equestrian

A

e‧ques‧tri‧an /ɪˈkwestriən/ adjective
relating to horse-riding
equestrian sports

Dutch = paardensport

152
Q

curiosity killed the cat

A

curiosity killed the cat
used to tell someone not to ask too many questions about something

153
Q

elicit

A

e‧li‧cit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ ●○○ verb [transitive]
to succeed in getting information or a reaction from someone, especially when this is difficult
When her knock elicited no response, she opened the door and peeped in.
elicit something from somebody
The test uses pictures to elicit words from the child.
—elicitation /ɪˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

154
Q

curiosity

A

cu‧ri‧os‧i‧ty /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti $ ˌkjʊriˈɑːs-/ ●●○ noun (plural curiosities)
1 [singular, uncountable] the desire to know about something
I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity.
The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.
She decided to follow him out of curiosity.
Margaret looked at him with curiosity.
curiosity about
Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.
a man of immense intellectual curiosity
It was idle curiosity that made me ask.
2 [countable] someone or something that is interesting because they are unusual or strange
a house full of old maps and other curiosities
In the past, men who wanted to work with children were regarded as something of a curiosity.
It’s not worth much, but I kept it for its curiosity value.

155
Q

myriad

A

myr‧i‧ad1 /ˈmɪriəd/ adjective [usually before noun] written
very many
the myriad causes of homelessness
a myriad
We were plagued by a myriad tiny flies.

  • Likewise, the myriad consumer products we savor and benefit from, if poorly made and haphazardly serviced, can present hazards.
  • Mr Wahid has tried to compensate for his economic shortcomings by surrounding himself with myriad layers of advisers.
  • The Bruins committed myriad mistakes and the Avalanche grabbed their 3-0 lead on only nine shots.
  • Health care and myriad other services that people in most countries have to pay for are free.
  • Also featured daily is a savory filled pastry, an option with myriad possibilities.
  • There were myriad purple finches, goldfinches, red polls, and pine siskins.
  • Experiments like this opened geophysicists’ eyes to the myriad ways this boundary layer could look.
  • Both offer myriad ways to configure automatic searches.
  • There are myriad ways to help children learn to read.
    myriad2 noun
    → a myriad of something/myriads of something
156
Q

reporter

A

/rɪˈpɔːtə $ -ˈpɔːrtər/ ●●● S3 noun [countable]
= correspondent, journalist
a news reporter

157
Q

treason

A

spelling

158
Q

illegitimate

A

spelling

159
Q

gastropods

A

gastropod
noun [ C ] BIOLOGY specialized
UK /ˈɡæs.trəʊ.pɒd/ US /ˈɡæs.trə.pɑːd/
Add to word list
a type of animal with no spine, a soft body with a flat base used for moving, and often a shell, for example a snail or a slug

160
Q

paw

A

paw1 /pɔː $ pɒː/ ●●○ noun [countable]
1 Image of pawan animal’s foot that has nails or claws
a lion’s paw

161
Q
A
162
Q

rhomboid

A

rhom‧boid1 /ˈrɒmbɔɪd $ ˈrɑːm-/ noun [countable] technical
a shape with four sides whose opposite sides are equal in length SYN parallelogram

rhomboid major muscle

163
Q

devastating

A

/ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ ●○○ adjective
1 badly damaging or destroying something
devastating effect/impact
Acid rain has a devastating effect on the forest.
devastating results/consequences
The oil spill had devastating consequences for wildlife.
It will be a devastating blow for the town if the factory closes.
2 making someone feel extremely sad or shocked
He was in Nice when he heard the devastating news.
Long-term unemployment can be devastating.
3 very impressive or effective
In a devastating display of military muscle, soldiers seized the town.
4 literary extremely attractive
a devastating smile
—devastatingly adverb
a devastatingly attractive man

164
Q

devastating collocations

A

a devastating effect/impact
The recession has had a devastating impact on employment in this area.
devastating consequences/results
a terrible disease with devastating results
a devastating flood/fire/earthquake etc
The country is still recovering from last year’s devastating floods.
a devastating disease/illness
Cheaper medicines are needed to fight Aids and other devastating diseases.
a devastating war
It will take a long time for the region to recover from such a devastating war.
a devastating blow (=a devastating action or event )
When a huge car bomb exploded, it was a devastating blow to the peace plan.
a devastating defeat
The party suffered a devastating defeat in the local election.

165
Q

scorch

A

scorch1 /skɔːtʃ $ skɔːrtʃ/ ●○○ verb
1 [intransitive, transitive] if you scorch something, or if it scorches, its surface burns slightly and changes colour
The walls had been blackened and scorched by fire.
► see thesaurus at burn
2 [transitive] if strong heat or wind scorches plants, it dries and damages them
Direct sunlight will scorch the plant’s leaves.
3 [transitive] if strong heat scorches you, it burns you
The hot sand scorched our feet.
4 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] British English informal to travel extremely fast
scorch along/down/across etc
He scorched out of the gate, almost crashing his new sports car.
—scorched adjective

166
Q

burden

A

bur‧den1 /ˈbɜːdn $ ˈbɜːrdn/ ●○○ noun
1 [countable] something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for
His family responsibilities had started to become a burden.
burden of
The burden of taxation has risen considerably.
burden on
I don’t like being a burden on other people.
bear/carry the burden
If things go wrong he will bear the burden of guilt.
the tax/financial/debt burden
2 → the burden of proof = [law] the duty to prove that something is true
3 [countable] something that is carried SYN load

167
Q

burden collocations

A

COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
bear/carry/shoulder the burden (=be responsible for something)
At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family.
place/put a burden on somebody
This situation places the main burden of family care on women.
share the burden
I was glad my brother was there to share the burden.
ease/reduce/lighten the burden
Smaller classes would ease the burden for teachers.
shift the burden (=change who carries it)
The tax shifts the burden towards the rich.
a burden falls on somebody
The tax burden falls most heavily upon the poorest people.
lift the burden from somebody’s shoulders
If I deal with the all the practical problems, that will lift the burden from your shoulders.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + BURDEN
a heavy/great burden
Caring for elderly relatives can be a heavy burden.
a financial burden
the financial burden of a large mortgage
a tax burden
These changes will ease the tax burden for small businesses.
a debt burden
He made a serious attempt ease the country’s debt burden.
an intolerable burden (=very hard to bear)
Too many exams can place an intolerable burden on young people.
an unfair/undue burden
The new legislation put an unfair burden on employers.
PHRASES
the burden of responsibility
He felt unable to cope with the burden of responsibility.
the burden of taxation
The burden of taxation falls more heavily on the poor.

168
Q

console

A

con‧sole2 /ˈkɒnsəʊl $ ˈkɑːnsoʊl/ noun [countable]
1 a flat board that contains the controls for a machine, piece of electrical equipment, computer etc
2 a special cupboard for a television, computer etc

a games console

169
Q

council

A

coun‧cil /ˈkaʊnsəl/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun [countable]
1 a group of people that are chosen to make rules, laws, or decisions, or to give advice
the council for civil liberties
the UN Security Council
2 the organization that is responsible for local government in a particular area in Britain
local council elections
He sent a letter to the council to complain about the noise.
County/District/City etc Council
Northampton Borough Council
council leader/officer/worker etc
council chamber/offices
3 a group of people elected to the government of a city in the US
the Los Angeles city council

170
Q

council collocations

A

COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + COUNCIL
an advisory council (=for giving advice)
The report was issued by the Advisory Council on Science and Technology.
a research council
the Medical Research Council
a funding council (=for giving money to projects, organizations etc)
a further education funding council
the arts/sports council
The exhibition has been funded by the Arts Council.
the UN Security Council (=for protecting a country or group of countries)
the Security Council’s peace plan
VERBS
establish/form/set up a council
A National Radio and Television Council was established to regulate the market.
head a council
Brzezinski headed the National Security Council at that time.
a council awards something (=gives someone something, especially money)
The Scottish Arts Council has awarded grants totalling over £30,000.
COUNCIL + NOUN
a council meeting
She had to attend a council meeting.
a council member
School council members are elected by their fellow students.
a council resolution (=decision)
Council resolutions need a two thirds majority.
a council grant (=amount of money that a council gives to a person, organization, project etc)
The community centre has had its council grant cut by 50%.

171
Q

counsel

A

coun‧sel1 /ˈkaʊnsəl/ noun [uncountable]
1 a type of lawyer who represents you in court
counsel for
The judge asked counsel for the defence to explain.
2 → keep your own counsel
3 literary advice

172
Q

counselor

A

coun‧sel‧lor British English, counselor American English /ˈkaʊnsələ $ -ər/ ●○○ noun [countable]
someone whose job is to help and support people with problems
Are you seeing a counsellor?
student/marriage guidance/stress etc counsellor

173
Q

counselor collocations

A

COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + COUNSELLOR
a student/family counsellor (=helping students or families with problems)
Student counsellors say there’s a lot of pressure at college these days.
a debt/stress etc counsellor (=helping with debt, stress etc problems)
A debt counsellor has been helping the family.
a marriage (guidance) counsellor (=helping with marriage problems)
You should talk to a marriage counsellor about your problem.
a school counsellor (=working with the students at a school)
I worked for three years as a school counsellor.
a professional/trained counsellor
Seek help from a professional counsellor if things go wrong.
VERBS
see a counsellor (=go to a counsellor for help)
Her doctor recommended that she should see a counsellor.

174
Q

counseling

A

coun‧sel‧ling British English, counseling American English /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]
advice and support given by a counsellor to someone with problems, usually after talking to them
group/bereavement/debt etc counselling
a debt counselling service
counselling for
She’s been undergoing counseling for depression.

175
Q

fowl

A

fowl /faʊl/ noun (plural fowl or fowls) [countable, uncountable]
1 a bird, such as a chicken, that is kept for its meat and eggs, or the meat of this type of bird
2 old use any bird

176
Q

handle
handled

A

spelling

177
Q

deck
dick

A

/dek/
/dɪk/

178
Q

excellence

excel

A

ex‧cel‧lence /ˈeksələns/ ●●○ noun [uncountable]

ex‧cel /ɪkˈsel/ verb (excelled, excelling)
1 [intransitive, not in progressive] to do something very well, or much better than most people
excel at/in
Rick has always excelled at foreign languages.

179
Q

striking contrast

A

-

180
Q

arbitrary

arbitrarily

A

ar‧bi‧tra‧ry /ˈɑːbətrəri, -tri $ ˈɑːrbətreri/ ●○○ AWL adjective
decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly
an arbitrary decision
the arbitrary arrests of political opponents
—arbitrariness noun [uncountable]
—arbitrarily /ˈɑːbətrərəli $ ˌɑːrbəˈtrerəli/ adverb
an arbitrarily chosen number

181
Q

popsicle

A

Pop‧si‧cle /ˈpɒpsɪkəl $ ˈpɑːp-/ noun [countable] trademark American English
a food made of juice that is frozen onto sticks SYN ice lolly British English

182
Q

plateau

A

plat‧eau1 /ˈplætəʊ $ plæˈtoʊ/ ●○○ noun (plural plateaus or plateaux /-təʊz $ -ˈtoʊz/) [countable]
1 a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it
2 a period during which the level of something does not change, especially after a period when it was increasing
Inflation rates have reached a plateau.

plateau2 verb [intransitive]
if something plateaus, it reaches and then stays at a particular level
The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.

183
Q

condescending

A

con‧de‧scend‧ing /ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋ◂ $ ˌkɑːn-/ adjective
behaving as though you think you are better, more intelligent, or more important than other people – used to show disapproval SYN patronizing
Professor Hutter’s manner is extremely condescending.
—condescendingly adverb

184
Q

boast

A

boast1 /bəʊst $ boʊst/ ●●○ verb
1 [intransitive, transitive] to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions
‘I wouldn’t be afraid, ’ she boasted.
boast that
Amy boasted that her son was a genius.
boast about
He’s boasting about how much money he has made.
boast of
The company is inclined to boast of its success.
2 [transitive not in progressive] if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good
The city boasts two excellent museums.
The Society boasts 3,000 members worldwide.
—boaster noun [countable]

185
Q

boast - thesaurus

A

THESAURUS
boast to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions because you want other people to admire you
She’s always boasting about how good she is at languages.
brag to boast in a way that annoys other people. Brag is more informal than boast
He was bragging about how many girlfriends he had had.
I don’t think they have anything to brag about.
The rebels have repeatedly bragged that their fighters have been responsible for the mounting attacks on policemen, 226 of whom were killed last year.
blow your own trumpet British English, blow your own horn American English spoken to talk a lot about your achievements – used especially when you want to mention your achievements but do not want to sound as if you are boasting
I don’t want to blow my own trumpet, but it was me who came up with the idea for the project in the first place.
crow to boast about something you have achieved, when other people have been less lucky or successful
Nordstrom and his supporters are still crowing about winning the lawsuit.
gloat to behave in a way that shows that you are proud of your own success and happy about someone else’s failure
The Australians are still gloating over their victory over England.
The liberals are gloating and celebrating all over town.
I haven’t come to gloat! We all have to lose sometimes.
be full of yourself informal to show by your words and behaviour that you are very proud of your abilities and achievements – used when you dislike someone because of this
‘He’s so full of himself, ’ Constance complained. ‘He thinks he can get away with anything.’
After the game she was really full of herself.

186
Q

sweep

A

sweep1 /swiːp/ ●●● W3 verb (past tense and past participle swept /swept/)
1 CLEAN SOMETHING [transitive] to clean the dust, dirt etc from the floor or ground, using a brush with a long handle SYN brush
Bert swept the path in front of the house.
sweep something off/out/up etc
Will you sweep the leaves off the patio?
2 PUSH SOMETHING SOMEWHERE [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to move things from a surface with a brushing movement
I swept the papers quickly into the drawer.
3 PUSH SOMEBODY/SOMETHING WITH FORCE [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to force someone or something to move in a particular direction
The windsurfer was swept out to sea.
Jessie was swept along by the angry crowd.
4 GROUP MOVES [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a group of people or animals sweep somewhere, they quickly move there together
sweep through/along etc
The crowd swept through the gates of the stadium.
5 WIND/WAVES ETC [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] if winds, waves, fire etc sweep a place or sweep through, across etc a place, they move quickly and with a lot of force
Thunderstorms swept the country.
sweep across/through etc
Ninety-mile per hour winds swept across the plains.
6 BECOME POPULAR [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] written if an idea, feeling, or activity sweeps a group of people or a place, it quickly becomes very popular or common
sweep the country/nation/state etc
a wave of nationalism sweeping the country
sweep across/through etc
the latest craze sweeping through the teenage population
7 FEELING [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a feeling sweeps over you, you are suddenly affected by it
sweep over
A feeling of isolation swept over me.
8 PERSON [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if someone sweeps somewhere, they move quickly and confidently, especially because they are impatient or like to seem important
sweep into/through etc
Eva swept into the meeting and demanded to know what was going on.
9 POLITICS [intransitive, transitive] to win an election easily and in an impressive way
sweep to power/victory
Nixon and Agnew swept to victory with 47 million votes.
Herrera was swept into office on the promise of major reforms.
10 SPORTS [transitive] American English to win all of the games in a series of games against a particular team
Houston swept Orlando to become NBA champions.
11 → sweep the board
12 FORM A CURVE [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to form a long curved shape
sweep down/along etc
The hills swept down to the sea.
13 LOOK [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to look quickly at all of something
The general’s eyes swept the horizon.
sweep over/across/around etc
the beam from the lighthouse sweeping across the sea
14 → sweep somebody off their feet
15 → sweep/brush something under the carpet
16 HAIR [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to pull your hair back from your face
sweep something back/up
Kerry swept her hair back into a ponytail.
→ sweep somebody along
→ sweep something ↔ aside
→ sweep somebody/something away
→ sweep up

187
Q

concurrently

A

simultaneously (spelling)

188
Q

expertise

A

ex‧per‧tise /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz $ -ɜːr-/ ●●○ AWL noun [uncountable]

189
Q

touch base

A

touch base
idiom
Add to word list
to talk to someone for a short time to find out how they are or what they think about something:
touch base with I just wanted to quickly touch base with you: did you get an email from my secretary about the meeting?

190
Q

touch-base meeting

A

What is a touch-base meeting?
A touch-base meeting is time that you dedicate to catching up with an employee. This meeting should be brief and informal and allow your team members to openly ask questions, raise concerns, and share how they’ve been feeling recently.

191
Q

appropriate

A

ap‧pro‧pri‧ate1 /əˈprəʊpri-ət $ əˈproʊ-/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL adjective

ap‧pro‧pri‧ate2 /əˈprəʊprieɪt $ əˈproʊ-/ verb [transitive] formal
1 to take something for yourself when you do not have the right to do this SYN steal
He is suspected of appropriating government funds.
2 to take something, especially money, to use for a particular purpose
appropriate something for something
Congress appropriated $5 million for International Women’s Year.

192
Q

coffee pot / teapot

A

spelling / usage

193
Q

assimilate

A

assimilate
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
as‧sim‧i‧late /əˈsɪməleɪt/ verb
1 [transitive] to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc SYN absorb
It will take time to assimilate all these facts.
2 [intransitive, transitive] if people assimilate, or are assimilated into a country or group, they become part of that group and are accepted by the people in that group
assimilate into
Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated into the community.

194
Q

assimilation

A

as‧sim‧i‧la‧tion /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən/ noun
1 [uncountable + of] the process of understanding and using new ideas
2 [uncountable + into] the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group

[phonetics usage]

195
Q

thrive

A

thrive /θraɪv/ ●○○ verb (past tense thrived or throve /θrəʊv $ θroʊv/, past participle thrived) [intransitive] formal
to become very successful or very strong and healthy
plants that thrive in tropical rain forests
a business which managed to thrive during a recession
Register
In everyday English, people usually say do well rather than thrive:
The whole family seems to be doing well.
→ thrive on something

196
Q

downside

A

downside / the downside

the downside
the negative part or disadvantage of something OPP upside
Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power.
the downside of
The downside of the book is that it is written in a rather boring style.

197
Q

bookish

A

book‧ish /ˈbʊkɪʃ/ adjective
someone who is bookish is more interested in reading and studying than in sports or other activities
a shy bookish man

198
Q

evince

A

e‧vince /ɪˈvɪns/ verb [transitive]
formal to show a feeling or have a quality in a way that people can easily notice
She evinced no surprise at seeing them together.

In her work training catechists she had evinced a talent for drawing volunteers more deeply into Church ministries.
* To respect the evidence is only to evince an unsubtle mind.
* Theologians evince, if anything, even less enthusiasm for the subject than art historians.

199
Q

theology

A

the‧ol‧o‧gy /θiˈɒlədʒi $ θiˈɑː-/ noun (plural theologies)
1 [uncountable] the study of religion and religious ideas and beliefs
He studied theology at college.
2 [countable, uncountable] a particular system of religious beliefs and ideas
According to Muslim theology there is only one God.
a comparison of Eastern and Western theologies
—theological /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ -ˈlɑː-/ adjective
theological debate
—theologically /-kli/ adverb

200
Q

theologian

A

the‧o‧lo‧gian /ˌθiːəˈləʊdʒən $ -ˈloʊ-/ noun [countable]
someone who has studied theology

201
Q

strenuous

A

stren‧u‧ous /ˈstrenjuəs/ adjective
1 needing a lot of effort or strength
a strenuous climb
The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.
2 active and determined
Sherry’s been making a strenuous effort to lose weight.
—strenuously adverb
Barrett strenuously denied rumors that he would resign.

202
Q

irrigate

A

ir‧ri‧gate /ˈɪrɪɡeɪt/ verb [transitive]
1 to supply land or crops with water
The water in Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area.
irrigated land/farms/crops
2 technical to wash a wound with a flow of liquid
—irrigation /ˌɪrəˈɡeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
major irrigation projects

203
Q

author

A

au‧thor1 /ˈɔːθə $ ˈɒːθər/ ●●● W2 AWL noun [countable]
1 someone who has written a book SYN writer
Nothomb is a Belgian author.

204
Q

authoritative word family

A

authoritative
Word family (noun) authority authorization authoritarian authoritarianism (adjective) authoritarian authoritative authorized ≠ unauthorized (verb) authorize (adverb) authoritatively

205
Q

authoritative

A

au‧thor‧i‧ta‧tive /ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv, ə- $ ɒːˈθɑːrəteɪtɪv, əˈθɔː-/ ●○○ AWL adjective
1 an authoritative book, account etc is respected because the person who wrote it knows a lot about the subject
the most authoritative work on English surnames
2 behaving or speaking in a confident determined way that makes people respect and obey you
He has a commanding presence and an authoritative voice.
—authoritatively adverb

206
Q

authoritative vs. authoritarian

A

au‧thor‧i‧tar‧i‧an /ɔːˌθɒrəˈteəriən◂ $ ɒːˌθɑːrəˈter-, əˌθɔː-/ ●○○ adjective
strictly forcing people to obey a set of rules or laws, especially ones that are wrong or unfair
an authoritarian government
Critics claim his management has become too authoritarian.
► see thesaurus at strict
—authoritarian noun [countable]
—authoritarianism noun [uncountable]

207
Q

negate

A

ne‧gate /nɪˈɡeɪt/ AWL verb [transitive] formal
1 to prevent something from having any effect
Efforts to expand the tourist industry could be negated by reports that the sea is highly polluted.
2 to state that something does not exist or is untrue SYN deny

208
Q

strive

A

irregular verb

strive /straɪv/ ●○○ verb (past tense strove /strəʊv $ stroʊv/, past participle striven /ˈstrɪvən/) [intransitive] formal
to make a great effort to achieve something
strive to do something
I was still striving to be successful.
strive for/after
We must continue to strive for greater efficiency.

209
Q

expectant

A

ex‧pec‧tant /ɪkˈspektənt/ adjective [usually before noun]
1 hopeful that something good or exciting will happen, or showing this
a row of expectant faces
2 → expectant mother/father
—expectantly adverb
He looked expectantly at Sarah, but she didn’t speak.

210
Q

recuperate

A

re‧cu‧pe‧rate /rɪˈkjuːpəreɪt, -ˈkuː-/ verb
1 [intransitive] to get better again after an illness or injury SYN recover
recuperate from
Coles is recuperating from a sprained ankle.
► see thesaurus at recover
2 [transitive] especially British English to get back money that you have spent or lost in business SYN recoup, recover
We’ve recuperated our losses.
3 [intransitive] to return to a more normal condition after a difficult time SYN recover
Winston proposed several ways for the industry to recuperate.
—recuperation /rɪˌkjuːpəˈreɪʃən, -ˌkuː-/ noun [uncountable]

211
Q

alter

A

al‧ter /ˈɔːltə $ ˈɒːltər/ ●●● S3 W3 AWL verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to change, or to make someone or something change

212
Q

associate

A

two possible pronunciations

as‧so‧ci‧ate1 /əˈsəʊʃieɪt, əˈsəʊsi- $ əˈsoʊ-/ ●●○ S3 W2 verb 1 [transitive] to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and anotherassociate somebody/something with something I don’t associate him with energetic sports.2 → be associated (with somebody/something)3 → associate with somebody

213
Q

accuse

A

accuse
Word family (noun) accusation the accused accuser (adjective) accusing (verb) accuse (adverb) accusingly

ac‧cuse /əˈkjuːz/ ●●○ W3 verb [transitive] to say that you believe someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something bad

214
Q

usher

A

ush‧er1 /ˈʌʃə $ -ər/ ●○○ verb [transitive always + adverb/preposition]
to help someone to get from one place to another, especially by showing them the way
usher somebody into/to something
He ushered her into the room.
usher somebody in
She stood back and ushered him in.

= lead

usher2 noun [countable]
1 someone who shows people to their seats at a theatre, cinema, wedding etc
2 British English someone who works in a law court whose job is to guide people in and out of the courtrooms

215
Q

menstruate

A

men‧stru‧ate /ˈmenstrueɪt/ verb [intransitive]
when a woman menstruates, usually every month, blood flows from her body
—menstruation /ˌmenstruˈeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

216
Q

municipal

A

mu‧ni‧ci‧pal /mjuːˈnɪsəpəl $ mjʊ-/ ●○○ adjective
relating to or belonging to the government of a town or city
the municipal waste dump
municipal elections
—municipally adverb

217
Q

municipality

A

mu‧ni‧ci‧pal‧i‧ty /mjuːˌnɪsəˈpæləti $ mjʊ-/ noun (plural municipalities) [countable]

218
Q

filial

A

filial /ˈfɪliəl/ adjective formal
relating to the relationship of a son or daughter to their parents → parental
her filial duty

219
Q

relieve

A

re‧lieve /rɪˈliːv/ ●●○ S3 verb [transitive]
1 PAIN to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings → relief

220
Q

on all fronts

A

disenrollment

221
Q

flawed

A

flawed
/flɔːd/
adjective
having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection.
“a fatally flawed strategy”

222
Q

dismay

A

dis‧may1 /dɪsˈmeɪ/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]
the worry, disappointment, or unhappiness you feel when something unpleasant happens
with/in dismay
They stared at each other in dismay.
to somebody’s dismay
I found to my dismay that I had left my notes behind.

223
Q

emerge

A

e‧merge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ $ -ɜːrdʒ/ ●●○ W2 AWL verb [intransitive]
1 to appear or come out from somewhere
The flowers emerge in the spring.
emerge from

(noun) emergence (adjective) emergent emerging (verb) emerge

224
Q

vindicate

A

vin‧di‧cate /ˈvɪndɪkeɪt/ verb [transitive] formal
1 to prove that someone who was blamed for something is in fact not guilty
The charges are false, and we are sure we will be vindicated in court.
2 to prove that someone or something is right or true SYN justify
The decision to advertise has been vindicated by the fact that sales have grown.
—vindication /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [singular, uncountable]

225
Q

Pharisee

A

Phar‧i‧see /ˈfærɪsiː/ noun
1 → the Pharisees
2 [countable] someone who pretends to be religious or morally good, but who is not sincere
—Pharisaic /ˌfærɪˈseɪ-ɪk◂/ adjective

226
Q

dandelion

A

dan‧de‧li‧on /ˈdændəlaɪən/ noun [countable]
Image of dandeliona wild plant with a bright yellow flower which later becomes a white ball of seeds that are blown away in the wind

227
Q

pretzel

A

pret‧zel /ˈpretsəl/ noun [countable]
Image of pretzela hard salty type of bread baked in the shape of a stick or a loose knot

228
Q

cicada

A

ci‧ca‧da /səˈkɑːdə $ səˈkeɪdə, -ˈkɑː-/ noun [countable]

229
Q

autopsy

A

au‧top‧sy /ˈɔːtɒpsi $ ˈɒːtɑːp-/ noun (plural autopsies) [countable] especially American English
an examination of a dead body to discover the cause of death SYN post mortem British English

230
Q

ancient

A

an‧cient1 /ˈeɪnʃənt/ ●●● W2 adjectiv

231
Q

addendum

A

ad‧den‧dum /əˈdendəm/ noun (plural addenda /-də/ or addendums) [countable]
something you add to the end of a speech or book to change it or give more information
addendum to
an addendum to section 4

232
Q

being down for something

A

It means “I would agree to do it.” This is slang. Interestingly, to be down for doing something means exactly the same thing as to be up for doing something. “I would like to do it.”

233
Q

licentious

A

li‧cen‧tious /laɪˈsenʃəs/ adjective formal
behaving in a sexually immoral or uncontrolled way
—licentiously adverb
—licentiousness noun [uncountable]

Though I myself led a licentious life, the licentiousness of the women nevertheless shocked me.

234
Q

sensuous

A

sen‧su‧ous /ˈsenʃuəs/ adjective
1 pleasing to your senses
the sensuous feeling of silk on her skin
sensuous music
2 literary attractive in a sexual way
full sensuous lips
a beautiful and sensuous young woman
—sensuously adverb
—sensuousness noun [uncountable]

With its sensuous silver curves and irresistible navigation button, lovers of gadgets will find this the ultimate object of desire.

235
Q

sorcery

A

sor‧cer‧y /ˈsɔːsəri $ ˈsɔːr-/ noun [uncountable]
magic that uses the power of evil forces → black magic

236
Q

necromancy

A

nec‧ro‧man‧cy /ˈnekrəmænsi/ noun [uncountable]
1 magic, especially evil magic
2 literary the practice of claiming to talk with the dead
—necromancer noun [countable]

237
Q

enmity

A

en‧mi‧ty /ˈenməti/ noun (plural enmities) [countable, uncountable]
formal a feeling of hatred towards someone → enemy
enmity between/towards
the enmity between the two communities

238
Q

strife

A

strife /straɪf/ noun [uncountable] formal
trouble between two or more people or groups SYN conflict
ethnic/religious/civil etc strife
a time of political strife

eight years of ethnic strife

239
Q

dissension

A

dis‧sen‧sion /dɪˈsenʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]
disagreement among a group of people
dissension in/within/between/among
This move sowed dissension within the party ranks.
The Labour Party was torn by internal dissensions.

240
Q

carouse

A

ca‧rouse /kəˈraʊz/ verb [intransitive]
literary to drink a lot, be noisy, and have fun
—carousal noun [countable, uncountable]
→ See Verb table

He says he will have time enough to relax and carouse when he’s had a smash hit with his first novel.

241
Q

phenomenon

A

phe‧nom‧e‧non /fɪˈnɒmənən $ fɪˈnɑːmənɑːn, -nən/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun (plural phenomena /-nə/) [countable]
1 something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand
phenomenon of
the growing phenomenon of telecommuting
Homelessness is not a new phenomenon.
natural/historical/social etc phenomenon
Language is a social and cultural phenomenon.
► see thesaurus at event
2 something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality or ability that they have

242
Q

phenomenon collocation

A

a new phenomenon
The idea that we may be able to live forever is is not a new phenomenon.
a recent phenomenon
Detailed food labelling is a fairly recent phenomenon.
a common phenomenon
Cloudy water is a common phenomenon in new aquariums.
a rare phenomenon
Planes have occasionally disappeared in midair, but this is a rare phenomenon.
a strange phenomenon
What could explain this strange phenomenon?
a natural phenomenon (=one that happens in nature)
Natural phenomena such as the appearance of comets intrigued him.
a social/cultural etc phenomenon
Crime is a complex social phenomenon.
supernatural/paranormal phenomena (=ones that appear to be against the laws of nature)
Ghosts are one example of paranormal phenomena.
psychic phenomena (=relating to the power of the human mind to do strange things)
psychic phenomena such as telepathy

243
Q

phenomenal

A

phe‧nom‧e‧nal /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl $ -ˈnɑː-/ ●○○ AWL adjective
very great or impressive
the phenomenal success of computer games in recent years
phenomenal growth/rise/increase
California had experienced a phenomenal growth in population.
He has learned a phenomenal amount in the last two years.
The results have been phenomenal.
—phenomenally adverb
The group have been phenomenally successful in Europe.

244
Q

decapitate

A

de‧cap‧i‧tate /dɪˈkæpɪteɪt/ verb [transitive]
to cut off someone’s head → behead
a decapitated body
—decapitation /dɪˌkæpɪˈteɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

245
Q

greengrocer

A

green‧gro‧cer /ˈɡriːnˌɡrəʊsə $ -ˌɡroʊsər/ noun [countable] especially British English
1 someone who owns or works in a shop selling fruit and vegetables
2 → greengrocer’s

246
Q

fishmonger

A

fish‧mon‧ger /ˈfɪʃmʌŋɡə $ -mɑːŋɡər, -mʌŋ-/ noun [countable] British English
1 someone who sells fish
2 (also fishmonger’s) a shop that sells fish

247
Q

warmonger

A

war‧mon‧ger /ˈwɔːˌmʌŋɡə $ ˈwɔːrˌmɑːŋɡər, -ˌmʌŋ-/ noun [countable]
someone, especially a politician, who wants people to start fighting or start a war – used to show disapproval
—warmongering adjective, noun [uncountable]

248
Q

florist

A

flor‧ist /ˈflɒrɪst $ ˈflɔː-/ noun [countable]
1 someone who owns or works in a shop that sells flowers and indoor plants for the home
2 (also florist’s) a shop that sells flowers and indoor plants for the home

249
Q

repellent

A

re‧pel‧lent1 /rɪˈpelənt/ adjective
very unpleasant → repulsive
She found him physically repellent.
repellent to
The sight of blood is repellent to some people.

My words practice - Pronunciation (3 decks)

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