Whatever along the way Flashcards

Question

exodus

Answer 1

ex‧o‧dus /ˈeksədəs/ noun [singular] a situation in which a lot of people leave a particular place at the same time exodus of A massive exodus of doctors is forcing the government to recruit from abroad. exodus from/to the exodus from the countryside to the towns in the 19th century I joined the mass exodus for drinks during the interval.

Answer 2

Genesis the first book of the Old Testament of the Bible, which describes the history of the Earth and its people. It includes the creation of Heaven and the Earth, the story of Adam and Eve and, and the story of the flood. Many people know the first words of Genesis In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

Answer 3

Exodus the second book of the Old Testament of the Bible, which tells the story of the Exodus, the journey out of Egypt to the Promised Land, made by Moses and the Israelites

Answer 4

Is‧rael‧ite /ˈɪzrəlaɪt $ ˈɪzriə-/ noun, adjective biblical someone who lived in Israel in the past when it was ruled by kings, or relating to this country or its people

Answer 5

Zi‧on‧is‧m /ˈzaɪənɪzəm/ noun [uncountable] support for the establishment and development of a state for the Jews in Israel —Zionist noun [countable], adjective

Answer 6

Ju‧da‧is‧m /ˈdʒuːdeɪ-ɪzəm, ˈdʒuːdə- $ ˈdʒuːdə-, ˈdʒuːdi-/ noun [uncountable] the Jewish religion based on the sacred books known as the Hebrew Scriptures. These writings contain many of the books that are also in the Old Testament of the Christian bible. —Judaic /dʒuːˈdeɪ-ɪk/ adjective

Answer 7

Judeo-Christian adjective Ju·deo-Chris·tian jü-ˌdā-ō-ˈkris-chən -ˈkrish-, also ˌjü-dē-ō-, or jü-ˌdē-ō- : having historical roots in both Judaism and Christianity

Answer 8

/ kloʊˈeɪ kə / The common cavity that serves as the opening for the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts in many vertebrates, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, monotremes, and some fishes. The posterior part of the intestinal tract in various invertebrates.

Answer 9

de‧bil‧i‧tate /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/ verb [transitive] formal 1 to make someone ill and weak He was debilitated by his illness. 2 to make an organization or system less effective or powerful The state is debilitated by inefficiency and corruption. —debilitating adjective a debilitating disease

Answer 10

ster‧ile /ˈsteraɪl $ -rəl/ adjective 1 a person or animal that is sterile cannot produce babies SYN infertile OPP fertile make/render/leave somebody sterile Radiotherapy has left her permanently sterile. 2 completely clean and not containing any bacteria that might cause infection sterile equipment/water/bandages etc Rinse the eye with sterile water. ► see thesaurus at clean 3 lacking new ideas, interest, or imagination OPP productive sterile argument/debate etc the increasingly sterile debate on political reform 4 a sterile building, room etc is not interesting or attractive and is often very plain The classrooms are sterile, with no artwork on the walls. 5 sterile land cannot be used to grow crops SYN barren —sterility /stəˈrɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 11

cas‧trate /kæˈstreɪt $ ˈkæstreɪt/ verb [transitive] to remove the testicles of a male animal or a man —castration /kæˈstreɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 12

gouge1 /ɡaʊdʒ/ verb [transitive] to make a deep hole or cut in the surface of something He took a knife and gouged a hole in the bottom of the boat. → gouge something ↔ out

Answer 13

chap‧lain /ˈtʃæplɪn/ noun [countable] a priest or other religious minister responsible for the religious needs of a club, the army, a hospital etc the prison chaplain

Answer 14

cov‧e‧nant /ˈkʌvənənt/ noun [countable] a legal agreement in which someone promises to pay a person or organization an amount of money regularly → endowment —covenant verb [intransitive, transitive] He covenanted to pay £30 a month into the fund.

Answer 15

coun‧te‧nance1 /ˈkaʊntənəns/ noun [countable] literary your face or your expression All colour drained from her countenance. countenance2 verb [transitive] formal to accept, support, or approve of something countenance (somebody) doing something I will not countenance you being rude to Dr Baxter.

Answer 16

con‧tent‧ment /kənˈtentmənt/ noun [uncountable] the state of being happy and satisfied OPP discontent He gave a sigh of contentment, and fell asleep. a feeling of deep contentment ► see thesaurus at pleasure discontentment dis‧con‧tent /ˌdɪskənˈtent/ (also discontentment /-ˈtentmənt/) noun [uncountable] a feeling of being unhappy and not satisfied with the situation you are in OPP contentment discontent with Discontent with the current government is strong. discontent at/over There is widespread discontent at the quality of education. Perhaps she sensed my growing discontent.

Answer 17

ru‧mi‧nate /ˈruːməneɪt/ verb [intransitive] 1 formal to think carefully and deeply about something ruminate on/over He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world. 2 technical if animals such as cows ruminate, they bring food back into their mouths from their stomachs and chew it again —rumination /ˌruːməˈneɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

Answer 18

spelling monetary

Answer 19

im‧mor‧al /ɪˈmɒrəl $ ɪˈmɔː-/ adjective 1 morally wrong → amoral Deliberately making people suffer is immoral. It’s immoral to be rich while people are starving and homeless. 2 not following accepted standards of sexual behaviour —immorally adverb —immorality /ˌɪməˈræləti/ noun [uncountable] un‧eth‧i‧cal /ʌnˈeθɪkəl/ AWL adjective morally unacceptable → ethics unethical medical practices —unethically /-kli/ adverb

Answer 20

scrape1 /skreɪp/ ●●○ verb 1 [transitive] to remove something from a surface using the edge of a knife, a stick etc Scrape the carrots and slice them thinly. scrape something away/off The earth was scraped away to uncover a trapdoor. scrape something off/into etc something Teresa scraped the mud off her boots. The two of them scraped their dishes clean. 2 [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to rub against a rough surface in a way that causes slight damage or injury, or to make something do this → graze The coat was too long; the hem scraped the pavement. scrape against/on etc I heard the side of the car scrape against the wall. scrape something against/on something I scraped my knee painfully on the concrete. 3 [intransitive, transitive] to make a noise by rubbing roughly against a surface Chairs scraped loudly as they stood up. scrape (something) on/down/against something He opened the gate quietly, trying not to let it scrape on the gravel. 4 → scrape home 5 → scrape (the bottom of) the barrel 6 [transitive] technical if a computer program scrapes data, it collects it from a website

Answer 21

caf‧feine /ˈkæfiːn $ kæˈfiːn/ noun [uncountable] a substance in tea, coffee, and some other drinks that makes you feel more active → decaffeinated Avoid caffeine (=drinks with caffeine) before bedtime. a caffeine-free cola —caffeinated /ˈkæfɪneɪtɪd/ adjective

Answer 22

booze1 /buːz/ noun [singular, uncountable] informal alcoholic drink a bottle of booze on the booze He’s been on the booze (=drinking too much alcohol) for five days. off the booze My husband is now off the booze (=no longer drinking too much alcohol) and he is a different person.

Answer 23

cull1 /kʌl/ verb [transitive] 1 to kill animals so that there are not too many of them, or so that a disease does not spread 2 formal to find or choose information from many different places SYN collate cull something from something The data had been culled from a variety of sources.

Answer 24

va‧cant /ˈveɪkənt/ ●●○ adjective 1 a vacant seat, building, room, or piece of land is empty and available for someone to use Only a few apartments were still vacant. There was only a vacant lot (=empty unused area of land in a city) where her house used to be. ► see thesaurus at empty Register In everyday English, people usually say that a seat or room is free rather than vacant: Is this seat free? 2 formal a job or position in an organization that is vacant is available for someone to start doing fall vacant British English (=become vacant) He was offered the position of headmaster when it fell vacant. situations vacant British English (=the part of a newspaper where jobs are advertised) 3 → vacant expression/look/stare etc —vacantly adverb Cindy was staring vacantly into space.

Answer 25

va‧can‧cy /ˈveɪkənsi/ ●○○ noun (plural vacancies) 1 [countable] a job that is available for someone to start doing There are still two vacancies on the school board. vacancy for We have no vacancies for photographers at the moment. The council is making every effort to fill the vacancies. information about job vacancies ► see thesaurus at job 2 [countable] a room in a hotel or building that is not being used and is available for someone to stay in Let me see if we have a vacancy for tonight. ‘No vacancies’, the sign read. 3 [uncountable] written lack of interest or thought His mouth fell open and the look of vacancy returned. COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES/NOUN + VACANCY a job vacancy He searched the newspapers regularly for job vacancies. a suitable vacancy We will keep your CV on file in case other suitable vacancies arise. an unfilled vacancy (=a job for which no one has been hired) The teaching unions estimate there are some 10,000 unfilled vacancies. a staff vacancy Other officers are working overtime because of staff vacancies. VERBS have a vacancy We have no vacancies for cleaners at present. advertise a vacancy Where did you see the vacancy advertised? fill a vacancy (=find or be a new person for a job) We are making every effort to fill the vacancies. create/leave a vacancy the vacancy which was created by White’s resignation there is a vacancy She asked if there were any vacancies for salespeople. a vacancy comes up (also a vacancy arises/occurs formal) (=there is a vacancy) A vacancy has arisen on the committee.

Answer 26

en‧dure /ɪnˈdjʊə $ ɪnˈdjʊr/ ●○○ verb 1 [transitive] to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain. endure doing something He can’t endure being apart from me. Register In everyday English, people usually say stand rather than endure: I couldn’t stand the pain. 2 [intransitive] to remain alive or continue to exist for a long time friendships which endure over many years

Answer 27

ax‧is /ˈæksɪs/ ●○○ noun (plural axes /-siːz/) [countable] 1 the imaginary line around which a large round object, such as the Earth, turns The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles. 2 a line drawn across the middle of a regular shape that divides it into two equal parts 3 either of the two lines of a graph, by which the positions of points are measured the vertical/horizontal axis

Answer 28

tripe /traɪp/ noun [uncountable] 1 the stomach of a cow or pig, used as food tripe and onions 2 especially British English informal something someone says or writes that is stupid or untrue What Charles was saying was utter tripe.

Answer 29

Samp South African corn kernel dish Samp is a food made from dried corn kernels that have been pounded and chopped until broken, but not as finely ground as mealie-meal or mielie rice. The coating around the kernel loosens and is removed during the pounding and stamping process.

Answer 30

chro‧nol‧o‧gy /krəˈnɒlədʒi $ -ˈnɑː-/ noun (plural chronologies) 1 [uncountable] the order in which events happened in the past chronology of It is important to establish the chronology of the events. 2 [countable] an account of events in the order in which they happened The book includes a chronology of his life and works.

Answer 31

chron‧o‧log‧i‧cal /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑː-/ adjective 1 arranged according to when things happened or were made We arranged the documents in chronological order. 2 → chronological age —chronologically /-kli/ adverb The paintings are displayed chronologically.

Answer 32

a‧men /ɑːˈmen, eɪ-/ interjection, noun [countable] 1 a word used to end a prayer Blessed be the Lord, Amen! McAllister murmured a fervent amen. 2 → amen to that

Answer 33

stead‧fast /ˈstedfɑːst $ -fæst/ adjective literary 1 faithful and very loyal her father’s steadfast love for her 2 being certain that you are right about something and refusing to change your opinion in any way steadfast in Dr Faraday remained steadfast in his plea of innocence. —steadfastly adverb —steadfastness noun [uncountable]

Answer 34

veil1 /veɪl/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 a thin piece of material that women wear to cover their faces at formal occasions or for religious reasons She lifted her veil with both hands. a bridal veil 2 → the veil 3 → draw a veil over something 4 → veil of secrecy/deceit/silence etc 5 → veil of mist/cloud/smoke etc 6 → take the veil

Answer 35

vale /veɪl/ noun [countable] literary 1 a broad low valley 2 → a/the/this vale of tears: a/the/this vale of tears literary an expression used to mean the difficulties of life

Answer 36

ce‧les‧ti‧al /səˈlestiəl $ -tʃəl/ adjective [usually before noun] 1 relating to the sky or heaven celestial bodies (=the Sun, Moon, stars etc) 2 literary very beautiful

Answer 37

lev‧i‧tate /ˈlevɪteɪt/ verb [intransitive, transitive] to rise and float in the air by magic, or to make someone or something do this —levitation /ˌlevɪˈteɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 38

dep‧ot /ˈdepəʊ $ ˈdiːpoʊ/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 a place where goods are stored until they are needed the company’s distribution depot a fuel storage depot 2 → bus/tram etc depot 3 American English a railway station or bus station, especially a small one

Answer 39

sar‧coph‧a‧gus /sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs $ sɑːrˈkɑː-/ noun (plural sarcophagi /-ɡaɪ/) [countable] a decorated stone box for a dead body, used in ancient times Examples from the Corpus sarcophagus * Stylianos Alexiou describes pictures on a sarcophagus that show music being played at a bull sacrifice. * In the centre stood a sarcophagus.

Answer 40

ex‧or‧bi‧tant /ɪɡˈzɔːbətənt $ -ɔːr-/ ●○○ adjective an exorbitant price, amount of money etc is much higher than it should be SYN astronomical exorbitant rent/prices etc exorbitant rates of interest ► see thesaurus at expensive —exorbitantly adverb

Answer 41

/reɪz/ ●●● S1 W1 /raɪz/ ●●● S2 W1 raised / rose (past tense rose /rəʊz $ roʊz/, past participle risen /ˈrɪzən/)

Answer 42

(past tense rode /rəʊd $ roʊd/, past participle ridden /ˈrɪdn/)

Answer 43

so‧cial‧ite /ˈsəʊʃəl-aɪt $ ˈsoʊ-/ noun [countable] someone who is well known for going to many fashionable parties, and who is often rich a Washington socialite so‧cial1 /ˈsəʊʃəl $ ˈsoʊ-/ ●●● S1 W1 adjective

Answer 44

ro‧bust /rəˈbʌst, ˈrəʊbʌst $ rəˈbʌst, ˈroʊ-/ ●○○ adjective 1 a robust person is strong and healthy a robust man of six feet four ► see thesaurus at healthy 2 a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems The formerly robust economy has begun to weaken. 3 a robust object is strong and not likely to break SYN sturdy a robust metal cabinet ► see thesaurus at strong 4 showing determination or strong opinions a typically robust performance by the prime minister 5 robust food or flavours have a good strong taste a robust cheese —robustly adverb —robustness noun [uncountable]

Answer 45

a‧bom‧i‧na‧tion /əˌbɒməˈneɪʃən $ əˌbɑː-/ noun [countable] someone or something that is extremely offensive or unacceptable Slavery was an abomination. disgusting? Examples from the Corpus abomination * His ruling may have been an abomination, but it was neither a high crime nor a misdemeanor.

Answer 46

per‧se‧ver‧ance /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrəns / noun [uncountable] determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval It took perseverance to overcome his reading problems. Examples from the Corpus perseverance * Captain Benson praised his men's courage and perseverance in dealing with a very dangerous situation. * All of them continue to enhance the role of the church musician by their devotion and perseverance.

Answer 47

de‧vo‧tion /dɪˈvəʊʃən $ -ˈvoʊ-/ ●○○ AWL noun 1 [uncountable] the strong love that you show when you pay a lot of attention to someone or something devotion to Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children. 2 [uncountable] the loyalty that you show towards a person, job etc, especially by working hard → dedication devotion to the soldier’s courage and devotion to duty his integrity and devotion to his patients 3 [uncountable] strong religious feeling

Answer 48

vau‧de‧ville /ˈvɒːdvɪl/ noun [uncountable] American English a type of theatre entertainment, popular from the 1880s to the 1950s, in which there were many short performances of different kinds, including singing, dancing, jokes etc → music hall

Answer 49

mind-ˌboggling adjective informal difficult to imagine and very big, strange, or complicated a problem of mind-boggling complexity

Answer 50

mind-ˌbending adjective [usually before noun] informal 1 mind-bending drugs have a strong effect on your mind and make you have very strange feelings and experiences 2 difficult to understand Infinity in space is a mind-bending concept. Examples from the Corpus mind-bending * The forms have a page of mind-bending charts to help you figure out your tax. * Perhaps it all has something to do with those mind-bending drugs.

Answer 51

gran‧deur /ˈɡrændʒjər / noun [uncountable] impressive beauty, power, or size the grandeur of the mountains → delusions of grandeur = the belief that you are much more important or powerful than you really are Examples from the Corpus grandeur * It is foreign domesticity and local grandeur. * The classical progression is then to delusions of grandeur with absurd claims of past and present achievements. * Delusions of grandeur, of course.

Answer 52

tin‧ker1 /ˈtɪŋkə $ -ər/ verb [intransitive] to make small changes to something in order to repair it or make it work better tinker with Congress has been tinkering with the legislation. tinker around with something Dad was always tinkering around with engines.

Answer 53

parlor American English, par‧lour British English /ˈpɑːlə $ ˈpɑːrlər/ noun [countable] 1 → ice-cream/funeral/tattoo parlour 2 old-fashioned a room in a house which has comfortable chairs and is used for meeting guests

Answer 54

broth‧el /ˈbrɒθəl $ ˈbrɑː-, ˈbrɒː-/ noun [countable] a house where men pay to have sex with prostitutes

Answer 55

mal‧le‧a‧ble /ˈmæliəbəl/ adjective 1 technical something that is malleable is easy to press or pull into a new shape malleable steel 2 formal someone who is malleable can be easily influenced or changed by other people a malleable child —malleability /ˌmæliəˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 56

gul‧li‧ble /ˈɡʌləbəl/ adjective too ready to believe what other people tell you, so that you are easily tricked Plastic replicas of the Greek pottery are sold to gullible tourists. —gullibility /ˌɡʌləˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 57

ve‧ne‧re‧al dis‧ease /vəˈnɪəriəl dɪˌziːz $ -ˈnɪr-/ noun [countable, uncountable] old-fashioned VD STD

Answer 58

in‧ge‧ni‧ous /ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/ ●○○ adjective 1 an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas Many fish have ingenious ways of protecting their eggs from predators. an ingenious device 2 someone who is ingenious is very good at inventing things or at thinking of new ideas —ingeniously adverb Examples from the Corpus ingenious * A scanner is an ingenious device which enables you to feed pictures, photos or documents into a computer system. * The catalogue is full of ingenious ideas for transforming your house into a dream home.

Answer 59

in‧di‧ge‧nous /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ adjective formal indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else SYN native indigenous to Blueberries are indigenous to America. the many indigenous cultures which existed in Siberia

Answer 60

in‧de‧cent /ɪnˈdiːsənt/ adjective 1 something that is indecent is shocking and offensive, usually because it involves sex or shows parts of the body that are usually covered indecent exposure He was found guilty of possessing indecent photographs. You can’t go out in that dress – it’s positively indecent! 2 completely unacceptable The funeral formalities were performed with almost indecent haste. —indecently adverb an indecently short skirt

Answer 61

mis‧fire /ˌmɪsˈfaɪə $ -ˈfaɪr/ verb [intransitive] 1 if a plan or joke misfires, it goes wrong and does not have the result that you intended → backfire His attempt at a joke misfired. I was worried that the plan might misfire. 2 if an engine misfires, the petrol mixture does not burn at the right time 3 if a gun misfires, the bullet does not come out

Answer 62

plum‧met /ˈplʌmɪt/ (also plummet down) verb [intransitive] 1 to suddenly and quickly decrease in value or amount SYN plunge plummet from something to something Profits plummeted from £49 million to £11 million. House prices have plummeted down. ► see thesaurus at decrease 2 to fall suddenly and quickly from a very high place SYN plunge The plane plummeted towards the Earth.

Answer 63

mi‧rage /ˈmɪrɑːʒ $ məˈrɑːʒ/ noun [countable] 1 an effect caused by hot air in a desert, which makes you think that you can see objects when they are not actually there 2 a dream, hope, or wish that cannot come true SYN illusion Perhaps we are just chasing a mirage.

Answer 64

cli‧mac‧tic /klaɪˈmæktɪk/ adjective forming a very exciting or important part of an event or story, especially near the end of it → climax a climactic moment Examples from the Corpus climactic * They moved together to the edge of fulfilment - and beyond, crying out as the climactic explosion burst upon them.

Answer 65

row‧dy1 /ˈraʊdi/ adjective behaving in a noisy rough way that is likely to cause arguments and fighting gangs of rowdy youths ► see thesaurus at loud —rowdily adverb —rowdiness noun [uncountable] —rowdyism noun [uncountable]

Answer 66

nui‧sance /ˈnjuːsəns $ ˈnuː-/ ●●○ S3 noun 1 [countable usually singular] a person, thing, or situation that annoys you or causes problems a real/awful/terrible etc nuisance The dogs next door are a real nuisance. What a nuisance! British English What a nuisance! I’ve forgotten my ticket. I hate to be a nuisance .../Sorry to be a nuisance ... I hate to be a nuisance, but could you move your car to the other side of the street? Stop making a nuisance of yourself (=annoying other people with your behaviour)! It’s a nuisance having to get up that early on a Sunday morning. 2 [countable, uncountable] law the use of a place or property in a way that causes public annoyance The nightclub has been declared a public nuisance.

Answer 67

hey‧day /ˈheɪdeɪ/ noun [countable usually singular] the time when someone or something was most popular, successful, or powerful in somebody’s heyday Greta Garbo in her heyday

Answer 68

apology spelling

Answer 69

enquire = mostly British English

Answer 70

conjugation: cost / cost / cost

Answer 71

an‧te‧lope /ˈæntələʊp $ ˈæntəl-oʊp/ noun [countable] an animal with long horns that can run very fast and is very graceful

Answer 72

/ˈsprɪŋbɒk $ -bɑːk/ noun [countable] a small deer that can run fast and lives in South Africa

Answer 73

/ˈɒstrɪtʃ $ ˈɒː-, ˈɑː-/ noun [countable] 1 Image of ostricha large African bird with long legs, that runs very quickly but cannot fly 2 informal someone who does not deal with difficult problems but tries to pretend that they do not exist Do ostriches bury their head in the sand? Nope, it's a myth.

Answer 74

a piece of metal shaped like a large coin, worn as jewellery on a chain around the neck a silver medallion

Answer 75

porch /pɔːtʃ $ pɔːrtʃ/ ●●● S3 noun [countable] 1 British English an entrance covered by a roof outside the front door of a house or church 2 American English a structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls

Answer 76

tripe /traɪp/ noun [uncountable] 1 the stomach of a cow or pig, used as food tripe and onions 2 especially British English informal something someone says or writes that is stupid or untrue What Charles was saying was utter tripe.

Answer 77

küdü greater kudu a large African antelope

Answer 78

/ˈæntɪdəʊt $ -doʊt/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 a substance that stops the effects of a poison antidote to There is no known antidote to a bite from this snake. 2 something that makes an unpleasant situation better laughter, the antidote to stress

Answer 79

ˈtʃæpəl/ ●●○ noun 1 [countable] a small church, or a room in a hospital, prison, big church etc in which Christians pray and have religious services 2 [countable] a building where Christians who are Nonconformists have religious services 3 [uncountable] British English the religious services held in a chapel Bethan goes to chapel every Sunday. 4 [countable] British English the members of a union in the newspaper or printing industry

Answer 80

protesting vigorously against sth

Answer 81

spelling / Pron.

Answer 82

mag‧pie /ˈmæɡpaɪ/ noun [countable] 1 a bird with black and white feathers and a long tail 2 informal someone who likes collecting things

Answer 83

/ˈreɪvən/ noun [countable] a large shiny black bird raven2 adjective [only before noun] literary raven hair is black and shiny

Answer 84

crow1 /krəʊ $ kroʊ/ noun 1 [countable] a large shiny black bird with a loud cry 2 [singular] the loud sound a cock makes

Answer 85

scare‧crow /ˈskeəkrəʊ $ ˈskerkroʊ/ noun [countable] an object in the shape of a person that a farmer puts in a field to frighten birds away American English a weak opponent or imaginary argument that can easily be defeated

Answer 86

/pəˈrəʊl $ -ˈroʊl/ noun [uncountable] permission for someone to leave prison, on the condition that they promise to behave well on parole He was released on parole after serving two years. She will become eligible for parole in 19 months.

Answer 87

/ˈdrɪəri $ ˈdrɪri/ (also drear /drɪə $ drɪr/ literary) adjective dull and making you feel sad or bored the same dreary routine a dreary winter’s day —dreariness noun [uncountable]

Answer 88

/ˈæksɪs/ ●○○ noun (plural axes /-siːz/) [countable] 1 the imaginary line around which a large round object, such as the Earth, turns The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles. 2 a line drawn across the middle of a regular shape that divides it into two equal parts 3 either of the two lines of a graph, by which the positions of points are measured the vertical/horizontal axis Axis, the (also the Axis powers, the Axis countries) noun the countries, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, who fought together during World War II against the Allies. Axis of ˈEvil, the a phrase used by US President George W. Bush in a speech in April 2002 to describe countries that he claimed supported terrorism (=use of violence to obtain political demands) and wanted to obtain chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons

Answer 89

su‧per‧flu‧ous /suːˈpɜːfluəs $ -ˈpɜːr-/ adjective formal more than is needed or wanted SYN unnecessary a modern building with no superfluous decoration —superfluously adverb

Answer 90

su‧per‧fi‧cial /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəl◂ $ -pər-/ ●○○ adjective 1 NOT LOOKING/STUDYING CAREFULLY not studying or looking at something carefully and only seeing the most noticeable things superficial examination/study etc Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws. Naturally, such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of prison life. 2 APPEARANCE seeming to have a particular quality, although this is not true or real superficial resemblance/similarity Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are, in fact, very different. Beneath his refined manners and superficial elegance lay something treacherous. at/on a superficial level At a superficial level, things seem to have remained the same. 3 WOUND/DAMAGE affecting only the surface of your skin or the outside part of something, and therefore not serious She escaped with only superficial cuts and bruises. superficial damage 4 PERSON someone who is superficial does not think about things that are serious or important – used to show disapproval SYN shallow All the other girls seemed silly and superficial to Darlene. 5 NOT IMPORTANT superficial changes, difficulties etc are not important and do not have a big effect SYN minor superficial changes in government policies 6 TOP LAYER existing in or relating to the top layer of something, especially soil, rock etc —superficially adverb —superficiality /ˌsuːpəfɪʃiˈæləti $ -pər-/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 91

/ˌkaʊn.t̬ɚ.ɪnˈtuː.ɪ.t̬ɪv/

Answer 92

/ˈreplɪkeɪt/ ●○○ verb 1 [transitive] formal if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again There is a need for further research to replicate these findings. 2 [intransitive, transitive] technical if a virus or a molecule replicates, or if it replicates itself, it divides and produces exact copies of itself the ability of DNA to replicate itself —replication /ˌreplɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

Answer 93

/ˈreplɪkə/ noun [countable] an exact copy of something, especially a building, a gun, or a work of art replica of an exact replica of the Taj Mahal replica guns

Answer 94

leap year noun [countable] a year, which happens every fourth year, when February has 29 days instead of 28 29th of Feb = leap day

Answer 95

/ˈpærədi/ ●○○ noun (plural parodies) 1 [countable, uncountable] a piece of writing, music etc or an action that copies someone or something in an amusing way parody of a brilliant parody of classical dance in a parody of something He swung the door wide open in a parody of welcome. Her performance contains a strong element of self-parody (=when someone makes fun of their own style). 2 [countable] something that is not a correct or acceptable example of something parody of Although his comment was a parody of the truth, Diana was upset by it. The trial was a parody of justice (=very unfair).

Answer 96

In the Bible, a scapegoat is one of a pair of kid goats that is released into the wilderness, taking with it all sins and impurities, while the other is sacrificed. scape‧goat /ˈskeɪpɡəʊt $ -ɡoʊt/ noun [countable] someone who is blamed for something bad that happens, even if it is not their fault scapegoat for She believed she had been made a scapegoat for what happened. —scapegoat verb [transitive]

Answer 97

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Torah, where it is called Devarim and the fifth book of the Christian Old Testament. Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to the Israelites by Moses on the Plains of Moab, shortly before they enter the Promised Land.

Answer 98

com‧mu‧nal /ˈkɒmjənəl, kəˈmjuːnl $ ˈkɑː-/ ●○○ adjective 1 shared by a group of people or animals, especially a group who live together a communal bathroom 2 involving people from many different races, religions, or language groups the worst communal violence in two years 3 relating or belonging to all the people living in a particular community crops grown on communal land

Answer 99

en‧tir‧e‧ty /ɪnˈtaɪrti/ noun formal 1 → in its/their entirety 2 → the entirety of something

Answer 100

di‧as‧po‧ra /daɪˈæspərə/ noun [countable] 1 → the Diaspora 2 the spreading of people from a national group or culture to other areas the African diaspora Origin diaspora (1800-1900) Greek diaspeirein “to scatter”

Answer 101

Related topics: Electrical, Electricity os‧cil‧late /ˈɒsəleɪt $ ˈɑː-/ verb [intransitive] 1 formal to keep changing between two extreme amounts or limits The stock market is oscillating wildly at the moment. oscillate between His income oscillated between £1,500 and £2,000 a month. 2 formal to keep changing between one feeling or attitude and another oscillate between Her attitude towards me oscillated between friendship and hostility. 3 to move backwards and forwards in a regular way The needle on the dial began to oscillate. 4 technical if an electric current oscillates, it changes direction very regularly and very frequently → See Verb table

Answer 102

pen‧du‧lum /ˈpendʒələm/ noun [countable] 1 Image of penduluma long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock 2 → the pendulum

Answer 103

Lat‧in1 /ˈlætɪn $ ˈlætn/ noun 1 [uncountable] the language used in ancient Rome 2 [countable] someone from Latin America 3 [countable] someone from a southern European country whose language developed from Latin, for example Spain, Portugal, or Italy

Answer 104

res‧o‧nate /ˈrezəneɪt/ verb [intransitive] 1 if something such as an event or a message resonates, it seems important or good to people, or continues to do this resonate with an idea that resonates with many voters 2 to make a deep loud clear sound that continues for a long time → resound The music resonated through the streets. 3 to make a sound that is produced as a reaction to another sound → resonate with something

Answer 105

EXCITEMENT [intransitive] if a group of people or a place is buzzing, there is a lot of activity or excitement buzz with a classroom buzzing with activity

Answer 106

quirk‧y /ˈkwɜːki $ -ɜːr-/ adjective unusual, especially in an interesting way I like his quirky sense of humour. —quirkily adverb —quirkiness noun [uncountable] extraordinary

Answer 107

ex‧trav‧a‧gant /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/ ●●○ adjective 1 spending or costing a lot of money, especially more than is necessary or more than you can afford Would it be too extravagant to buy both? an extravagant lifestyle 2 doing or using something too much or more than is necessary extravagant with Don’t be too extravagant with the wine. an extravagant display of loyalty 3 if someone makes extravagant claims, promises etc, they make big claims or promises that are not true or real extravagant claims about the drug’s effectiveness 4 very impressive because of being very expensive, beautiful etc extravagant celebrations —extravagantly adverb —extravagance noun [countable, uncountable] the extravagance of the Royal Palace His only extravagance (=the only expensive thing he bought) was fine wine.

Answer 108

nec‧ro‧man‧cy /ˈnekrəmænsi/ noun [uncountable] 1 magic, especially evil magic 2 literary the practice of claiming to talk with the dead —necromancer noun [countable]

Answer 109

burned / burnt both are fine

Answer 110

de‧fy /dɪˈfaɪ/ ●●○ verb (defied, defying, defies) [transitive] 1 to refuse to obey a law or rule, or refuse to do what someone in authority tells you to do → defiance people who openly defy the law ► see thesaurus at disobey 2 → defy description/analysis/belief etc 3 → defy logic/the odds etc 4 → I defy somebody to do something

Answer 111

hallow /ˈhæl,oʊ/ transitive verb To make or set apart as holy. To respect or honor greatly; revere. To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence.

Answer 112

crest‧fal‧len /ˈkrestˌfɔːlən $ -ˌfɒːl-/ adjective looking disappointed and upset SYN downcast He came back looking crestfallen. ► see thesaurus at disappointed

Answer 113

nu‧tri‧tion‧ist /nuːˈtrɪʃənɪst/ noun [countable] someone who has a special knowledge of nutrition di‧e‧ti‧cian, dietitian /ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃən/ noun [countable] someone who is trained to give people advice about what it is healthy for them to eat and drink

Answer 114

for‧feit1 /ˈfɔːfɪt $ ˈfɔːr-/ verb [transitive] to lose a right, position, possession etc or have it taken away from you because you have broken a law or rule By being absent from the trial, he forfeited the right to appeal. She was fined £3,000 and ordered to forfeit her car.

Answer 115

res‧ur‧rec‧tion /ˌrezəˈrekʃən/ noun [singular] formal a situation in which something old or forgotten returns or becomes important again a resurrection of old jealousies Examples from the Corpus resurrection * His death and resurrection as shaman lies in his future. * the city's economic resurrection Resurrection, the 1 the return of Christ to life after his death as described in the Bible, which is remembered with ceremonies at Easter, and is one of the main beliefs on which Christianity is based 2 the return of all dead people to life at the end of the world. Christians believe that, as a result of Christ's resurrection, the souls of people who believe in him will be united with their bodies on Judgment Day, in a form that will last for ever.

Answer 116

farce /fɑːs $ fɑːrs/ noun 1 [singular] an event or a situation that is very badly organized or does not happen properly, in a way that is silly and unreasonable She admitted that the interview had been a complete farce from start to finish. 2 [countable, uncountable] a humorous play or film in which the characters are involved in complicated and silly situations, or the style of writing or acting that is used

Answer 117

adjective Of, relating to, or transmitted by telegraph. Brief or concise. "a telegraphic style of writing."

Answer 118

/dĭb′əl/ A pointed gardening implement used to make holes in soil, especially for planting bulbs or seedlings.

Answer 119

flint /flɪnt/ noun 1 [uncountable] a type of smooth hard stone that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel 2 [countable] a piece of this stone or a small piece of metal that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel

Answer 120

de‧void /dɪˈvɔɪd/ adjective formal → be devoid of something Examples from the Corpus devoid * The place is small, starkly lit and devoid of decorative embellishments.

Answer 121

hem‧or‧rhoids /ˈhemərɔɪdz/ noun [plural] the American spelling of haemorrhoids

Answer 122

hap‧pen‧stance /ˈhæpənstæns/ noun [countable, uncountable] literary chance, or something that happens by chance

Answer 123

pique your interest/curiosity especially American English to make you feel interested in something or someone She was hostile to him, which piqued his curiosity. The noise continued, piquing her curiosity. pique1 /piːk/ noun [uncountable] 1 a feeling of being annoyed or upset, especially because someone has ignored you or insulted you He stormed out in a fit of pique. 2 (also piqué) a type of material made of cotton, silk, or rayon pique2 verb 1 [transitive] to make someone feel annoyed or upset, especially by ignoring them or making them look stupid Privately, Zarich was piqued that his offer was rejected. Grammar Pique is usually passive in this meaning.

Answer 124

e‧ques‧tri‧an /ɪˈkwestriən/ adjective relating to horse-riding equestrian sports Dutch = paardensport

Answer 125

curiosity killed the cat used to tell someone not to ask too many questions about something

Answer 126

e‧li‧cit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ ●○○ verb [transitive] to succeed in getting information or a reaction from someone, especially when this is difficult When her knock elicited no response, she opened the door and peeped in. elicit something from somebody The test uses pictures to elicit words from the child. —elicitation /ɪˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 127

cu‧ri‧os‧i‧ty /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti $ ˌkjʊriˈɑːs-/ ●●○ noun (plural curiosities) 1 [singular, uncountable] the desire to know about something I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity. The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people. She decided to follow him out of curiosity. Margaret looked at him with curiosity. curiosity about Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them. a man of immense intellectual curiosity It was idle curiosity that made me ask. 2 [countable] someone or something that is interesting because they are unusual or strange a house full of old maps and other curiosities In the past, men who wanted to work with children were regarded as something of a curiosity. It’s not worth much, but I kept it for its curiosity value.

Answer 128

myr‧i‧ad1 /ˈmɪriəd/ adjective [usually before noun] written very many the myriad causes of homelessness a myriad We were plagued by a myriad tiny flies. * Likewise, the myriad consumer products we savor and benefit from, if poorly made and haphazardly serviced, can present hazards. * Mr Wahid has tried to compensate for his economic shortcomings by surrounding himself with myriad layers of advisers. * The Bruins committed myriad mistakes and the Avalanche grabbed their 3-0 lead on only nine shots. * Health care and myriad other services that people in most countries have to pay for are free. * Also featured daily is a savory filled pastry, an option with myriad possibilities. * There were myriad purple finches, goldfinches, red polls, and pine siskins. * Experiments like this opened geophysicists' eyes to the myriad ways this boundary layer could look. * Both offer myriad ways to configure automatic searches. * There are myriad ways to help children learn to read. myriad2 noun → a myriad of something/myriads of something

Answer 129

/rɪˈpɔːtə $ -ˈpɔːrtər/ ●●● S3 noun [countable] = correspondent, journalist a news reporter

Answer 130

gastropod noun [ C ] BIOLOGY specialized UK /ˈɡæs.trəʊ.pɒd/ US /ˈɡæs.trə.pɑːd/ Add to word list a type of animal with no spine, a soft body with a flat base used for moving, and often a shell, for example a snail or a slug

Answer 131

paw1 /pɔː $ pɒː/ ●●○ noun [countable] 1 Image of pawan animal’s foot that has nails or claws a lion’s paw

Answer 132

rhom‧boid1 /ˈrɒmbɔɪd $ ˈrɑːm-/ noun [countable] technical a shape with four sides whose opposite sides are equal in length SYN parallelogram rhomboid major muscle

Answer 133

/ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ ●○○ adjective 1 badly damaging or destroying something devastating effect/impact Acid rain has a devastating effect on the forest. devastating results/consequences The oil spill had devastating consequences for wildlife. It will be a devastating blow for the town if the factory closes. 2 making someone feel extremely sad or shocked He was in Nice when he heard the devastating news. Long-term unemployment can be devastating. 3 very impressive or effective In a devastating display of military muscle, soldiers seized the town. 4 literary extremely attractive a devastating smile —devastatingly adverb a devastatingly attractive man

Answer 134

a devastating effect/impact The recession has had a devastating impact on employment in this area. devastating consequences/results a terrible disease with devastating results a devastating flood/fire/earthquake etc The country is still recovering from last year's devastating floods. a devastating disease/illness Cheaper medicines are needed to fight Aids and other devastating diseases. a devastating war It will take a long time for the region to recover from such a devastating war. a devastating blow (=a devastating action or event ) When a huge car bomb exploded, it was a devastating blow to the peace plan. a devastating defeat The party suffered a devastating defeat in the local election.

Answer 135

scorch1 /skɔːtʃ $ skɔːrtʃ/ ●○○ verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] if you scorch something, or if it scorches, its surface burns slightly and changes colour The walls had been blackened and scorched by fire. ► see thesaurus at burn 2 [transitive] if strong heat or wind scorches plants, it dries and damages them Direct sunlight will scorch the plant’s leaves. 3 [transitive] if strong heat scorches you, it burns you The hot sand scorched our feet. 4 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] British English informal to travel extremely fast scorch along/down/across etc He scorched out of the gate, almost crashing his new sports car. —scorched adjective

Answer 136

bur‧den1 /ˈbɜːdn $ ˈbɜːrdn/ ●○○ noun 1 [countable] something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for His family responsibilities had started to become a burden. burden of The burden of taxation has risen considerably. burden on I don’t like being a burden on other people. bear/carry the burden If things go wrong he will bear the burden of guilt. the tax/financial/debt burden 2 → the burden of proof = [law] the duty to prove that something is true 3 [countable] something that is carried SYN load

Answer 137

COLLOCATIONS VERBS bear/carry/shoulder the burden (=be responsible for something) At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family. place/put a burden on somebody This situation places the main burden of family care on women. share the burden I was glad my brother was there to share the burden. ease/reduce/lighten the burden Smaller classes would ease the burden for teachers. shift the burden (=change who carries it) The tax shifts the burden towards the rich. a burden falls on somebody The tax burden falls most heavily upon the poorest people. lift the burden from somebody's shoulders If I deal with the all the practical problems, that will lift the burden from your shoulders. ADJECTIVES/NOUN + BURDEN a heavy/great burden Caring for elderly relatives can be a heavy burden. a financial burden the financial burden of a large mortgage a tax burden These changes will ease the tax burden for small businesses. a debt burden He made a serious attempt ease the country's debt burden. an intolerable burden (=very hard to bear) Too many exams can place an intolerable burden on young people. an unfair/undue burden The new legislation put an unfair burden on employers. PHRASES the burden of responsibility He felt unable to cope with the burden of responsibility. the burden of taxation The burden of taxation falls more heavily on the poor.

Answer 138

con‧sole2 /ˈkɒnsəʊl $ ˈkɑːnsoʊl/ noun [countable] 1 a flat board that contains the controls for a machine, piece of electrical equipment, computer etc 2 a special cupboard for a television, computer etc a games console

Answer 139

coun‧cil /ˈkaʊnsəl/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun [countable] 1 a group of people that are chosen to make rules, laws, or decisions, or to give advice the council for civil liberties the UN Security Council 2 the organization that is responsible for local government in a particular area in Britain local council elections He sent a letter to the council to complain about the noise. County/District/City etc Council Northampton Borough Council council leader/officer/worker etc council chamber/offices 3 a group of people elected to the government of a city in the US the Los Angeles city council

Answer 140

COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES/NOUN + COUNCIL an advisory council (=for giving advice) The report was issued by the Advisory Council on Science and Technology. a research council the Medical Research Council a funding council (=for giving money to projects, organizations etc) a further education funding council the arts/sports council The exhibition has been funded by the Arts Council. the UN Security Council (=for protecting a country or group of countries) the Security Council's peace plan VERBS establish/form/set up a council A National Radio and Television Council was established to regulate the market. head a council Brzezinski headed the National Security Council at that time. a council awards something (=gives someone something, especially money) The Scottish Arts Council has awarded grants totalling over £30,000. COUNCIL + NOUN a council meeting She had to attend a council meeting. a council member School council members are elected by their fellow students. a council resolution (=decision) Council resolutions need a two thirds majority. a council grant (=amount of money that a council gives to a person, organization, project etc) The community centre has had its council grant cut by 50%.

Answer 141

coun‧sel1 /ˈkaʊnsəl/ noun [uncountable] 1 a type of lawyer who represents you in court counsel for The judge asked counsel for the defence to explain. 2 → keep your own counsel 3 literary advice

Answer 142

coun‧sel‧lor British English, counselor American English /ˈkaʊnsələ $ -ər/ ●○○ noun [countable] someone whose job is to help and support people with problems Are you seeing a counsellor? student/marriage guidance/stress etc counsellor

Answer 143

COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES/NOUN + COUNSELLOR a student/family counsellor (=helping students or families with problems) Student counsellors say there's a lot of pressure at college these days. a debt/stress etc counsellor (=helping with debt, stress etc problems) A debt counsellor has been helping the family. a marriage (guidance) counsellor (=helping with marriage problems) You should talk to a marriage counsellor about your problem. a school counsellor (=working with the students at a school) I worked for three years as a school counsellor. a professional/trained counsellor Seek help from a professional counsellor if things go wrong. VERBS see a counsellor (=go to a counsellor for help) Her doctor recommended that she should see a counsellor.

Answer 144

coun‧sel‧ling British English, counseling American English /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/ ●○○ noun [uncountable] advice and support given by a counsellor to someone with problems, usually after talking to them group/bereavement/debt etc counselling a debt counselling service counselling for She’s been undergoing counseling for depression.

Answer 145

fowl /faʊl/ noun (plural fowl or fowls) [countable, uncountable] 1 a bird, such as a chicken, that is kept for its meat and eggs, or the meat of this type of bird 2 old use any bird

Answer 146

/dek/ /dɪk/

Answer 147

ex‧cel‧lence /ˈeksələns/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] ex‧cel /ɪkˈsel/ verb (excelled, excelling) 1 [intransitive, not in progressive] to do something very well, or much better than most people excel at/in Rick has always excelled at foreign languages.

Answer 148

ar‧bi‧tra‧ry /ˈɑːbətrəri, -tri $ ˈɑːrbətreri/ ●○○ AWL adjective decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly an arbitrary decision the arbitrary arrests of political opponents —arbitrariness noun [uncountable] —arbitrarily /ˈɑːbətrərəli $ ˌɑːrbəˈtrerəli/ adverb an arbitrarily chosen number

Answer 149

Pop‧si‧cle /ˈpɒpsɪkəl $ ˈpɑːp-/ noun [countable] trademark American English a food made of juice that is frozen onto sticks SYN ice lolly British English

Answer 150

plat‧eau1 /ˈplætəʊ $ plæˈtoʊ/ ●○○ noun (plural plateaus or plateaux /-təʊz $ -ˈtoʊz/) [countable] 1 a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it 2 a period during which the level of something does not change, especially after a period when it was increasing Inflation rates have reached a plateau. plateau2 verb [intransitive] if something plateaus, it reaches and then stays at a particular level The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.

Answer 151

con‧de‧scend‧ing /ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋ◂ $ ˌkɑːn-/ adjective behaving as though you think you are better, more intelligent, or more important than other people – used to show disapproval SYN patronizing Professor Hutter’s manner is extremely condescending. —condescendingly adverb

Answer 152

boast1 /bəʊst $ boʊst/ ●●○ verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions ‘I wouldn’t be afraid, ’ she boasted. boast that Amy boasted that her son was a genius. boast about He’s boasting about how much money he has made. boast of The company is inclined to boast of its success. 2 [transitive not in progressive] if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good The city boasts two excellent museums. The Society boasts 3,000 members worldwide. —boaster noun [countable]

Answer 153

THESAURUS boast to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions because you want other people to admire you She’s always boasting about how good she is at languages. brag to boast in a way that annoys other people. Brag is more informal than boast He was bragging about how many girlfriends he had had. I don’t think they have anything to brag about. The rebels have repeatedly bragged that their fighters have been responsible for the mounting attacks on policemen, 226 of whom were killed last year. blow your own trumpet British English, blow your own horn American English spoken to talk a lot about your achievements – used especially when you want to mention your achievements but do not want to sound as if you are boasting I don’t want to blow my own trumpet, but it was me who came up with the idea for the project in the first place. crow to boast about something you have achieved, when other people have been less lucky or successful Nordstrom and his supporters are still crowing about winning the lawsuit. gloat to behave in a way that shows that you are proud of your own success and happy about someone else’s failure The Australians are still gloating over their victory over England. The liberals are gloating and celebrating all over town. I haven’t come to gloat! We all have to lose sometimes. be full of yourself informal to show by your words and behaviour that you are very proud of your abilities and achievements – used when you dislike someone because of this ‘He’s so full of himself, ’ Constance complained. ‘He thinks he can get away with anything.’ After the game she was really full of herself.

Answer 154

sweep1 /swiːp/ ●●● W3 verb (past tense and past participle swept /swept/) 1 CLEAN SOMETHING [transitive] to clean the dust, dirt etc from the floor or ground, using a brush with a long handle SYN brush Bert swept the path in front of the house. sweep something off/out/up etc Will you sweep the leaves off the patio? 2 PUSH SOMETHING SOMEWHERE [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to move things from a surface with a brushing movement I swept the papers quickly into the drawer. 3 PUSH SOMEBODY/SOMETHING WITH FORCE [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to force someone or something to move in a particular direction The windsurfer was swept out to sea. Jessie was swept along by the angry crowd. 4 GROUP MOVES [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a group of people or animals sweep somewhere, they quickly move there together sweep through/along etc The crowd swept through the gates of the stadium. 5 WIND/WAVES ETC [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] if winds, waves, fire etc sweep a place or sweep through, across etc a place, they move quickly and with a lot of force Thunderstorms swept the country. sweep across/through etc Ninety-mile per hour winds swept across the plains. 6 BECOME POPULAR [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] written if an idea, feeling, or activity sweeps a group of people or a place, it quickly becomes very popular or common sweep the country/nation/state etc a wave of nationalism sweeping the country sweep across/through etc the latest craze sweeping through the teenage population 7 FEELING [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a feeling sweeps over you, you are suddenly affected by it sweep over A feeling of isolation swept over me. 8 PERSON [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if someone sweeps somewhere, they move quickly and confidently, especially because they are impatient or like to seem important sweep into/through etc Eva swept into the meeting and demanded to know what was going on. 9 POLITICS [intransitive, transitive] to win an election easily and in an impressive way sweep to power/victory Nixon and Agnew swept to victory with 47 million votes. Herrera was swept into office on the promise of major reforms. 10 SPORTS [transitive] American English to win all of the games in a series of games against a particular team Houston swept Orlando to become NBA champions. 11 → sweep the board 12 FORM A CURVE [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to form a long curved shape sweep down/along etc The hills swept down to the sea. 13 LOOK [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to look quickly at all of something The general’s eyes swept the horizon. sweep over/across/around etc the beam from the lighthouse sweeping across the sea 14 → sweep somebody off their feet 15 → sweep/brush something under the carpet 16 HAIR [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to pull your hair back from your face sweep something back/up Kerry swept her hair back into a ponytail. → sweep somebody along → sweep something ↔ aside → sweep somebody/something away → sweep up

Answer 155

simultaneously (spelling)

Answer 156

ex‧per‧tise /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz $ -ɜːr-/ ●●○ AWL noun [uncountable]

Answer 157

touch base idiom Add to word list to talk to someone for a short time to find out how they are or what they think about something: touch base with I just wanted to quickly touch base with you: did you get an email from my secretary about the meeting?

Answer 158

What is a touch-base meeting? A touch-base meeting is time that you dedicate to catching up with an employee. This meeting should be brief and informal and allow your team members to openly ask questions, raise concerns, and share how they’ve been feeling recently.

Answer 159

ap‧pro‧pri‧ate1 /əˈprəʊpri-ət $ əˈproʊ-/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL adjective ap‧pro‧pri‧ate2 /əˈprəʊprieɪt $ əˈproʊ-/ verb [transitive] formal 1 to take something for yourself when you do not have the right to do this SYN steal He is suspected of appropriating government funds. 2 to take something, especially money, to use for a particular purpose appropriate something for something Congress appropriated $5 million for International Women’s Year.

Answer 160

spelling / usage

Answer 161

assimilate From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English as‧sim‧i‧late /əˈsɪməleɪt/ verb 1 [transitive] to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc SYN absorb It will take time to assimilate all these facts. 2 [intransitive, transitive] if people assimilate, or are assimilated into a country or group, they become part of that group and are accepted by the people in that group assimilate into Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated into the community.

Answer 162

as‧sim‧i‧la‧tion /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən/ noun 1 [uncountable + of] the process of understanding and using new ideas 2 [uncountable + into] the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group [phonetics usage]

Answer 163

thrive /θraɪv/ ●○○ verb (past tense thrived or throve /θrəʊv $ θroʊv/, past participle thrived) [intransitive] formal to become very successful or very strong and healthy plants that thrive in tropical rain forests a business which managed to thrive during a recession Register In everyday English, people usually say do well rather than thrive: The whole family seems to be doing well. → thrive on something

Answer 164

downside / the downside the downside the negative part or disadvantage of something OPP upside Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power. the downside of The downside of the book is that it is written in a rather boring style.

Answer 165

book‧ish /ˈbʊkɪʃ/ adjective someone who is bookish is more interested in reading and studying than in sports or other activities a shy bookish man

Answer 166

e‧vince /ɪˈvɪns/ verb [transitive] formal to show a feeling or have a quality in a way that people can easily notice She evinced no surprise at seeing them together. In her work training catechists she had evinced a talent for drawing volunteers more deeply into Church ministries. * To respect the evidence is only to evince an unsubtle mind. * Theologians evince, if anything, even less enthusiasm for the subject than art historians.

Answer 167

the‧ol‧o‧gy /θiˈɒlədʒi $ θiˈɑː-/ noun (plural theologies) 1 [uncountable] the study of religion and religious ideas and beliefs He studied theology at college. 2 [countable, uncountable] a particular system of religious beliefs and ideas According to Muslim theology there is only one God. a comparison of Eastern and Western theologies —theological /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ -ˈlɑː-/ adjective theological debate —theologically /-kli/ adverb

Answer 168

the‧o‧lo‧gian /ˌθiːəˈləʊdʒən $ -ˈloʊ-/ noun [countable] someone who has studied theology

Answer 169

stren‧u‧ous /ˈstrenjuəs/ adjective 1 needing a lot of effort or strength a strenuous climb The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise. 2 active and determined Sherry’s been making a strenuous effort to lose weight. —strenuously adverb Barrett strenuously denied rumors that he would resign.

Answer 170

ir‧ri‧gate /ˈɪrɪɡeɪt/ verb [transitive] 1 to supply land or crops with water The water in Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area. irrigated land/farms/crops 2 technical to wash a wound with a flow of liquid —irrigation /ˌɪrəˈɡeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] major irrigation projects

Answer 171

au‧thor1 /ˈɔːθə $ ˈɒːθər/ ●●● W2 AWL noun [countable] 1 someone who has written a book SYN writer Nothomb is a Belgian author.

Answer 172

authoritative Word family (noun) authority authorization authoritarian authoritarianism (adjective) authoritarian authoritative authorized ≠ unauthorized (verb) authorize (adverb) authoritatively

Answer 173

au‧thor‧i‧ta‧tive /ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv, ə- $ ɒːˈθɑːrəteɪtɪv, əˈθɔː-/ ●○○ AWL adjective 1 an authoritative book, account etc is respected because the person who wrote it knows a lot about the subject the most authoritative work on English surnames 2 behaving or speaking in a confident determined way that makes people respect and obey you He has a commanding presence and an authoritative voice. —authoritatively adverb

Answer 174

au‧thor‧i‧tar‧i‧an /ɔːˌθɒrəˈteəriən◂ $ ɒːˌθɑːrəˈter-, əˌθɔː-/ ●○○ adjective strictly forcing people to obey a set of rules or laws, especially ones that are wrong or unfair an authoritarian government Critics claim his management has become too authoritarian. ► see thesaurus at strict —authoritarian noun [countable] —authoritarianism noun [uncountable]

Answer 175

ne‧gate /nɪˈɡeɪt/ AWL verb [transitive] formal 1 to prevent something from having any effect Efforts to expand the tourist industry could be negated by reports that the sea is highly polluted. 2 to state that something does not exist or is untrue SYN deny

Answer 176

irregular verb strive /straɪv/ ●○○ verb (past tense strove /strəʊv $ stroʊv/, past participle striven /ˈstrɪvən/) [intransitive] formal to make a great effort to achieve something strive to do something I was still striving to be successful. strive for/after We must continue to strive for greater efficiency.

Answer 177

ex‧pec‧tant /ɪkˈspektənt/ adjective [usually before noun] 1 hopeful that something good or exciting will happen, or showing this a row of expectant faces 2 → expectant mother/father —expectantly adverb He looked expectantly at Sarah, but she didn’t speak.

Answer 178

re‧cu‧pe‧rate /rɪˈkjuːpəreɪt, -ˈkuː-/ verb 1 [intransitive] to get better again after an illness or injury SYN recover recuperate from Coles is recuperating from a sprained ankle. ► see thesaurus at recover 2 [transitive] especially British English to get back money that you have spent or lost in business SYN recoup, recover We’ve recuperated our losses. 3 [intransitive] to return to a more normal condition after a difficult time SYN recover Winston proposed several ways for the industry to recuperate. —recuperation /rɪˌkjuːpəˈreɪʃən, -ˌkuː-/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 179

al‧ter /ˈɔːltə $ ˈɒːltər/ ●●● S3 W3 AWL verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to change, or to make someone or something change

Answer 180

two possible pronunciations as‧so‧ci‧ate1 /əˈsəʊʃieɪt, əˈsəʊsi- $ əˈsoʊ-/ ●●○ S3 W2 verb 1 [transitive] to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and anotherassociate somebody/something with something I don’t associate him with energetic sports.2 → be associated (with somebody/something)3 → associate with somebody

Answer 181

accuse Word family (noun) accusation the accused accuser (adjective) accusing (verb) accuse (adverb) accusingly ac‧cuse /əˈkjuːz/ ●●○ W3 verb [transitive] to say that you believe someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something bad

Answer 182

ush‧er1 /ˈʌʃə $ -ər/ ●○○ verb [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to help someone to get from one place to another, especially by showing them the way usher somebody into/to something He ushered her into the room. usher somebody in She stood back and ushered him in. = lead usher2 noun [countable] 1 someone who shows people to their seats at a theatre, cinema, wedding etc 2 British English someone who works in a law court whose job is to guide people in and out of the courtrooms

Answer 183

men‧stru‧ate /ˈmenstrueɪt/ verb [intransitive] when a woman menstruates, usually every month, blood flows from her body —menstruation /ˌmenstruˈeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 184

mu‧ni‧ci‧pal /mjuːˈnɪsəpəl $ mjʊ-/ ●○○ adjective relating to or belonging to the government of a town or city the municipal waste dump municipal elections —municipally adverb

Answer 185

mu‧ni‧ci‧pal‧i‧ty /mjuːˌnɪsəˈpæləti $ mjʊ-/ noun (plural municipalities) [countable]

Answer 186

filial /ˈfɪliəl/ adjective formal relating to the relationship of a son or daughter to their parents → parental her filial duty

Answer 187

re‧lieve /rɪˈliːv/ ●●○ S3 verb [transitive] 1 PAIN to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings → relief

Answer 188

disenrollment

Answer 189

flawed /flɔːd/ adjective having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection. "a fatally flawed strategy"

Answer 190

dis‧may1 /dɪsˈmeɪ/ ●○○ noun [uncountable] the worry, disappointment, or unhappiness you feel when something unpleasant happens with/in dismay They stared at each other in dismay. to somebody’s dismay I found to my dismay that I had left my notes behind.

Answer 191

e‧merge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ $ -ɜːrdʒ/ ●●○ W2 AWL verb [intransitive] 1 to appear or come out from somewhere The flowers emerge in the spring. emerge from (noun) emergence (adjective) emergent emerging (verb) emerge

Answer 192

vin‧di‧cate /ˈvɪndɪkeɪt/ verb [transitive] formal 1 to prove that someone who was blamed for something is in fact not guilty The charges are false, and we are sure we will be vindicated in court. 2 to prove that someone or something is right or true SYN justify The decision to advertise has been vindicated by the fact that sales have grown. —vindication /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [singular, uncountable]

Answer 193

Phar‧i‧see /ˈfærɪsiː/ noun 1 → the Pharisees 2 [countable] someone who pretends to be religious or morally good, but who is not sincere —Pharisaic /ˌfærɪˈseɪ-ɪk◂/ adjective

Answer 194

dan‧de‧li‧on /ˈdændəlaɪən/ noun [countable] Image of dandeliona wild plant with a bright yellow flower which later becomes a white ball of seeds that are blown away in the wind

Answer 195

pret‧zel /ˈpretsəl/ noun [countable] Image of pretzela hard salty type of bread baked in the shape of a stick or a loose knot

Answer 196

ci‧ca‧da /səˈkɑːdə $ səˈkeɪdə, -ˈkɑː-/ noun [countable]

Answer 197

au‧top‧sy /ˈɔːtɒpsi $ ˈɒːtɑːp-/ noun (plural autopsies) [countable] especially American English an examination of a dead body to discover the cause of death SYN post mortem British English

Answer 198

an‧cient1 /ˈeɪnʃənt/ ●●● W2 adjectiv

Answer 199

ad‧den‧dum /əˈdendəm/ noun (plural addenda /-də/ or addendums) [countable] something you add to the end of a speech or book to change it or give more information addendum to an addendum to section 4

Answer 200

It means "I would agree to do it." This is slang. Interestingly, to be down for doing something means exactly the same thing as to be up for doing something. "I would like to do it."

Answer 201

li‧cen‧tious /laɪˈsenʃəs/ adjective formal behaving in a sexually immoral or uncontrolled way —licentiously adverb —licentiousness noun [uncountable] Though I myself led a licentious life, the licentiousness of the women nevertheless shocked me.

Answer 202

sen‧su‧ous /ˈsenʃuəs/ adjective 1 pleasing to your senses the sensuous feeling of silk on her skin sensuous music 2 literary attractive in a sexual way full sensuous lips a beautiful and sensuous young woman —sensuously adverb —sensuousness noun [uncountable] With its sensuous silver curves and irresistible navigation button, lovers of gadgets will find this the ultimate object of desire.

Answer 203

sor‧cer‧y /ˈsɔːsəri $ ˈsɔːr-/ noun [uncountable] magic that uses the power of evil forces → black magic

Answer 204

nec‧ro‧man‧cy /ˈnekrəmænsi/ noun [uncountable] 1 magic, especially evil magic 2 literary the practice of claiming to talk with the dead —necromancer noun [countable]

Answer 205

en‧mi‧ty /ˈenməti/ noun (plural enmities) [countable, uncountable] formal a feeling of hatred towards someone → enemy enmity between/towards the enmity between the two communities

Answer 206

strife /straɪf/ noun [uncountable] formal trouble between two or more people or groups SYN conflict ethnic/religious/civil etc strife a time of political strife eight years of ethnic strife

Answer 207

dis‧sen‧sion /dɪˈsenʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable] disagreement among a group of people dissension in/within/between/among This move sowed dissension within the party ranks. The Labour Party was torn by internal dissensions.

Answer 208

ca‧rouse /kəˈraʊz/ verb [intransitive] literary to drink a lot, be noisy, and have fun —carousal noun [countable, uncountable] → See Verb table He says he will have time enough to relax and carouse when he's had a smash hit with his first novel.

Answer 209

phe‧nom‧e‧non /fɪˈnɒmənən $ fɪˈnɑːmənɑːn, -nən/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun (plural phenomena /-nə/) [countable] 1 something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand phenomenon of the growing phenomenon of telecommuting Homelessness is not a new phenomenon. natural/historical/social etc phenomenon Language is a social and cultural phenomenon. ► see thesaurus at event 2 something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality or ability that they have

Answer 210

a new phenomenon The idea that we may be able to live forever is is not a new phenomenon. a recent phenomenon Detailed food labelling is a fairly recent phenomenon. a common phenomenon Cloudy water is a common phenomenon in new aquariums. a rare phenomenon Planes have occasionally disappeared in midair, but this is a rare phenomenon. a strange phenomenon What could explain this strange phenomenon? a natural phenomenon (=one that happens in nature) Natural phenomena such as the appearance of comets intrigued him. a social/cultural etc phenomenon Crime is a complex social phenomenon. supernatural/paranormal phenomena (=ones that appear to be against the laws of nature) Ghosts are one example of paranormal phenomena. psychic phenomena (=relating to the power of the human mind to do strange things) psychic phenomena such as telepathy

Answer 211

phe‧nom‧e‧nal /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl $ -ˈnɑː-/ ●○○ AWL adjective very great or impressive the phenomenal success of computer games in recent years phenomenal growth/rise/increase California had experienced a phenomenal growth in population. He has learned a phenomenal amount in the last two years. The results have been phenomenal. —phenomenally adverb The group have been phenomenally successful in Europe.

Answer 212

de‧cap‧i‧tate /dɪˈkæpɪteɪt/ verb [transitive] to cut off someone’s head → behead a decapitated body —decapitation /dɪˌkæpɪˈteɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

Answer 213

green‧gro‧cer /ˈɡriːnˌɡrəʊsə $ -ˌɡroʊsər/ noun [countable] especially British English 1 someone who owns or works in a shop selling fruit and vegetables 2 → greengrocer’s

Answer 214

fish‧mon‧ger /ˈfɪʃmʌŋɡə $ -mɑːŋɡər, -mʌŋ-/ noun [countable] British English 1 someone who sells fish 2 (also fishmonger’s) a shop that sells fish

Answer 215

war‧mon‧ger /ˈwɔːˌmʌŋɡə $ ˈwɔːrˌmɑːŋɡər, -ˌmʌŋ-/ noun [countable] someone, especially a politician, who wants people to start fighting or start a war – used to show disapproval —warmongering adjective, noun [uncountable]

Answer 216

flor‧ist /ˈflɒrɪst $ ˈflɔː-/ noun [countable] 1 someone who owns or works in a shop that sells flowers and indoor plants for the home 2 (also florist’s) a shop that sells flowers and indoor plants for the home

Answer 217

re‧pel‧lent1 /rɪˈpelənt/ adjective very unpleasant → repulsive She found him physically repellent. repellent to The sight of blood is repellent to some people.

Answer 218

Literature prose /prəʊz $ proʊz/ ●○○ noun [uncountable] written language in its usual form, as opposed to poetry

Answer 219

Literature cae‧su‧ra /sɪˈzjʊərə $ sɪˈʒʊrə, sɪˈzʊrə/ noun [countable] technical a pause in the middle of a line of poetry Origin caesura (1500-1600) Latin “act of cutting”, from caedere “to cut”

Answer 220

e‧man‧ci‧pate /ɪˈmænsəpeɪt/ verb [transitive] formal to give someone the political or legal rights that they did not have before Slaves were emancipated in 1834. —emancipation /ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] → See Verb table Examples from the Corpus emancipate * The justices were no more able to emancipate Dred Scott than they were able to emancipate themselves. * The country had been emancipated from thirteen years of middle-level Conservative rule of reasonable efficiency, modest dynamism but small-power idealism. * During the Civil War, he aided newly emancipated slaves.

Answer 221

tact /tækt/ ●○○ noun [uncountable] the ability to be careful about what you say or do, so that you do not upset or embarrass other people → tactful, tactless With great tact, Clive persuaded her to apologize.

Answer 222

sharp as a tack phrase of sharp North American extremely clever or astute.

Answer 223

as‧tute /əˈstjuːt $ əˈstuːt/ ●○○ adjective able to understand situations or behaviour very well and very quickly, especially so that you can get an advantage for yourself SYN clever an astute politician astute investments —astutely adverb —astuteness noun [uncountable]

Answer 224

lay‧er1 /ˈleɪə $ -ər/ ●●● S3 W3 AWL noun [countable] 1 an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or that is between two other things layer of A thick layer of dust lay on the furniture. The moon was shining through a thin layer of cloud. He pulled off layer upon layer of clothing (=many layers of clothing). in layers Arrange the peppers, garlic and tomatoes in layers. → ozone layer

Answer 225

li‧ar /ˈlaɪə $ -ər/ ●●○ noun [countable] someone who deliberately says things which are not true Are you calling me a liar?

Answer 226

cul‧prit /ˈkʌlprɪt/ noun [countable] 1 the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong → victim Police finally managed to catch the culprit. 2 informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty High production costs are the main culprit.

Answer 227

empirical Word family (noun) empiricism empiricist (adjective) empirical (adverb) empirically From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English em‧pir‧i‧cal /ɪmˈpɪrɪkəl/ ●○○ AWL adjective [only before noun] based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP theoretical, hypothetical empirical evidence —empirically /-kli/ adverb

Answer 228

on‧tol‧o‧gy /ɒnˈtɒlədʒi $ ɑːnˈtɑː-/ noun [uncountable] a subject of study in philosophy that is concerned with the nature of existence —ontological /ˌɒntəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ ˌɑːntəˈlɑː-/ adjective

Answer 229

e‧pis‧te‧mol‧o‧gy /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi $ -ˈmɑː-/ noun [uncountable] the part of philosophy that deals with how we know things, how firmly we can know things etc —epistemological /ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɒdʒɪkəl $ -ˈlɑː-/ adjective

Answer 230

eth‧nog‧ra‧phy /eθˈnɒɡrəfi $ eθˈnɑː-/ noun [uncountable] the scientific description of different races of people —ethnographer noun [countable] —ethnographic /ˌeθnəˈɡræfɪk◂/ adjective —ethnographically /-kli/ adverb

Answer 231

or‧ni‧thol‧o‧gy /ˌɔːnəˈθɒlədʒi $ ˌɔːrnəˈθɑː-/ noun [uncountable] the scientific study of birds —ornithological /ˌɔːnəθəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ ˌɔːrnəθəˈlɑː-/ adjective

Answer 232

strat‧i‧fied /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/ adjective 1 having different social classes a stratified society 2 having several layers of earth, rock etc stratified rock

Answer 233

he‧gem‧o‧ny /hɪˈɡeməni, ˈhedʒəməni $ hɪˈdʒeməni, ˈhedʒəmoʊni/ noun [uncountable] formal a situation in which one state or country controls others related: imperialism / colonialism

Answer 234

sa‧li‧ent /ˈseɪliənt/ adjective formal the salient points or features of something are the most important or most noticeable parts of it the salient points of the report —salience noun [uncountable]

Answer 235

pos‧tu‧late1 /ˈpɒstjəleɪt $ ˈpɑːstʃə-/ verb [transitive] formal to suggest that something might have happened or be true → hypothesize postulate that It has been postulated that the condition is inherited. —postulation /ˌpɒstjəˈleɪʃən $ ˌpɑːstʃə-/ noun [countable, uncountable]

Answer 236

list‧less /ˈlɪstləs/ adjective feeling tired and not interested in things The heat was making me listless. —listlessly adverb —listlessness noun [uncountable]

Answer 237

in‧do‧lent /ˈɪndələnt/ adjective formal lazy —indolence noun [uncountable] Origin indolent (1600-1700) Late Latin indolens “not feeling pain”, from Latin dolere “to feel pain”

Answer 238

in‧nu‧en‧do /ˌɪnjuˈendəʊ $ -doʊ/ noun (plural innuendoes or innuendos) [countable, uncountable] a remark that suggests something sexual or unpleasant without saying it directly, or these remarks in general → double entendre His writing is full of sexual innuendoes. a campaign based on rumour, innuendo, and gossip innuendo * The programme consists of an hour of sexist banter and innuendo. * The family is being torn apart by rumor and innuendo. Origin innuendo (1500-1600) Latin “by speaking indirectly”, from innuere “to say indirectly”, from nuere “to nod”

Answer 239

/ˌfiː.noʊˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/ in a way that relates to the physical characteristics of something living, especially those characteristics that can be seen: These cells are indistinguishable phenotypically and functionally from the others.

Answer 240

Law dis‧po‧si‧tion /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/ ●○○ noun formal 1 [countable usually singular] a particular type of character which makes someone likely to behave or react in a certain way SYN temperament of a nervous/sociable/sensitive etc disposition (=having a nervous etc character) The film is not suitable for people of a nervous disposition. have a cheerful/sunny etc disposition (=have a happy character) 2 [singular] a tendency or willingness to behave in a particular way SYN inclination have/show a disposition to do something Neither side shows the slightest disposition to compromise. disposition towards Most children have a disposition towards obedience. 3 [countable usually singular] the position or arrangement of something in a particular place disposition of a map showing the disposition of American forces 4 [uncountable] formal the way in which something is dealt with or used disposition of A solicitor advised him as to the disposition of the money.

Answer 241

pe‧ren‧ni‧al1 /pəˈreniəl/ adjective 1 continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again Lack of resources has been a perennial problem since the beginning. Teddy bears are a perennial favorite with children. 2 a plant that is perennial lives for more than two years → annual —perennially adverb

Answer 242

pa‧ram‧e‧ter /pəˈræmɪtə $ -ər/ ●○○ AWL noun [countable usually plural] a set of fixed limits that control the way that something should be done The inquiry has to stay within the parameters laid down by Congress.

Answer 243

pre-em‧i‧nent, preeminent /priˈemɪnənt/ adjective much more important, more powerful, or better than any others of its kind his pre-eminent position in society —pre-eminently adverb —pre-eminence noun [uncountable]

Answer 244

pre-emp‧tive, preemptive /priˈemptɪv/ adjective a pre-emptive action is done to prevent something from happening, especially something that will harm you pre-emptive strike/attack a series of pre-emptive strikes on guerrilla bases

Answer 245

prim‧i‧tive1 /ˈprɪmətɪv/ ●●○ adjective 1 way of life belonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines OPP advanced, modern a primitive society a primitive nomadic tribe the tools used by primitive man primitive art 2 not modern something that is primitive is very simple and does not have the extra modern parts that would make it faster, better, more comfortable etc OPP advanced, modern The first station buildings were quite primitive. The local hospital care is primitive and unreliable. Conditions at the camp are very primitive. a primitive steam engine 3 animals/plants a primitive animal or plant has a simple structure or body primitive life-forms that live deep in the ocean a primitive single-celled creature 4 feelings primitive feelings are not based on reason, and seem to come from a part of people’s character that is ancient and animal-like the primitive instinct of survival primitive desires

Answer 246

fore‧stall /fɔːˈstɔːl $ fɔːrˈstɒːl/ verb [transitive] formal to prevent something from happening or prevent someone from doing something by doing something first a measure intended to forestall further attacks

Answer 247

co‧er‧cion /kəʊˈɜːʃən $ koʊˈɜːrʒən/ noun [uncountable] the use of threats or orders to make someone do something they do not want to do The defendant explained that he had been acting under coercion.

Answer 248

surveil / surveilled /səˈveɪl/ verb past tense: surveilled; past participle: surveilled keep (a person or place) under surveillance; closely monitor or observe. "he deployed FBI agents to surveil the offices of those companies"

Answer 249

psychopathology /ˌsʌɪkəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/ noun 1. the scientific study of mental illness or disorders. "Wharton's autobiography ranks high in the annals of psychopathology" 2. features of people's mental health considered collectively. "ageism, family discord, and psychopathology all play their part in abuse"

Answer 250

la‧bor‧a‧tory /ləˈbɒrətri $ ˈlæbrətɔːri/ ●●● W3 noun (plural laboratories) [countable] a special room or building in which a scientist does tests or prepares substances a research laboratory laboratory tests/experiments/studies tests on laboratory animals → language laboratory

Answer 251

li‧bra‧ry /ˈlaɪbrəri, -bri $ -breri/ ●●● S2 W1 noun (plural libraries) [countable] 1 a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed → bookshop a public library school/college/university library a library book library staff 2 a group of books, CDs etc, collected by one person 3 a room in a large house where books are kept

Answer 252

lo‧cus /ˈləʊkəs $ ˈloʊ-/ noun (plural loci /ˈləʊsaɪ $ ˈloʊ-, -ki/) [countable] formal the place where something is particularly known to exist, or which is the centre of something locus of The Politburo was the locus of all power in the Soviet Union.

Answer 253

cau‧sal‧i‧ty /kɔːˈzæləti $ kɒː-/ noun [uncountable] formal the relationship between a cause and the effect that it has

Answer 254

A correlation between variables, however, does not automatically mean that the change in one variable is the cause of the change in the values of the other variable. Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event; i.e. there is a causal relationship between the two events.

Answer 255

cas‧u‧al‧ty /ˈkæʒuəlti/ ●●○ noun (plural casualties) 1 [countable] someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or war Our aim is to reduce road casualties. civilian casualties (=people who are not soldiers who are injured or killed) cause/inflict casualties The rebels have inflicted heavy casualties. 2 [singular] someone or something that suffers as a result of a particular event or situation casualty of The Safer City Project is the latest casualty of financial cutbacks.

Answer 256

con‧tin‧gent1 /kənˈtɪndʒənt/ ●○○ adjective formal depending on something that may happen in the future SYN dependent contingent on/upon Further investment is contingent upon the company’s profit performance.

Answer 257

plough1 (also plow American English) /plaʊ/ noun [countable] 1 a piece of farm equipment used to turn over the earth so that seeds can be planted 2 → under the plough → snow plough(1) snow plough British English, snow plow American English noun [countable] 1 a vehicle, or piece of equipment on the front of a vehicle, that is used to push snow off roads, railways etc 2 British English a position in skiing in which you have the fronts of your skis together and the backs of your skis apart. It is used to slow down and to turn a snow plough turn

Answer 258

sove‧reign‧ty /ˈsɒvrənti $ ˈsɑːv-/ noun [uncountable] 1 complete freedom and power to govern the sovereignty of Parliament sovereignty over Spain’s claim of sovereignty over the territory 2 the power that an independent country has to govern itself the defence of our national sovereignty * When it comes to interest rates, we would in some ways get more sovereignty. * It should not be seen as a restriction on parliamentary sovereignty. * People talk about the great sanctity of the sovereignty of Parliament. * the sovereignty of God * The latter is not an open invitation to intervention or a threat to sovereignty.

Answer 259

un‧a‧bashed /ˌʌnəˈbæʃt◂/ adjective written not ashamed or embarrassed, especially when doing something unusual or rude She stared at him with unabashed curiosity.

Answer 260

a‧mor‧al /eɪˈmɒrəl, æ- $ eɪˈmɔː-, -ˈmɑː-/ adjective having no moral standards at all OPP moral → immoral a completely amoral person —amorality /ˌeɪmɒˈræləti, ˌæ- $ ˌeɪmə-/ noun [uncountable] Word family (noun) moral morals morality ≠ immorality moralist amorality (adjective) moral ≠ immoral amoral moralistic (verb) moralize (adverb) morally ≠ immorally

Answer 261

sim‧mer1 /ˈsɪmə $ -ər/ verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to boil gently, or to cook something slowly by boiling it gently Bring the soup to the boil and allow it to simmer gently for about half an hour. 2 [intransitive] if you are simmering with anger, or if anger is simmering in you, you feel very angry but do not show your feelings simmer with He was left simmering with rage. 3 [intransitive] if an argument is simmering, people feel angry with each other but only show it slightly The row has been simmering for some time. Violent revolt was simmering in the country.

Answer 262

/pɚˈfʌŋk.tɚ. əl.i/ quickly, without care or interest: The two heads of state shook hands perfunctorily for the photographers. The officer read perfunctorily from a written text.

Answer 263

re‧pent /rɪˈpent/ verb [intransitive, transitive] formal to be sorry for something and wish you had not done it – used especially when considering your actions in a religious way repent of He repented of his sins before he died.

Answer 264

raise1 /reɪz/ ●●● S1 W1 verb [transitive] In everyday British English, people usually say lift something up rather than raise something: Can you lift up the lamp a bit? British English speakers usually say put up your hand rather than raise your hand: Put your hand up if you know the right answer.

Answer 265

readerly /ˈriːdəli/ adjective relating to a reader. "he tries one's readerly patience to breaking point"

Answer 266

pang /pæŋ/ noun [countable] a sudden feeling of pain, sadness etc pang of jealousy/guilt/remorse/regret She felt a sudden pang of guilt. hunger pangs

Answer 267

retrospective2 noun [countable] a show of the work of an artist, actor, film-maker etc that includes examples of all the kinds of work they have done a Hitchcock retrospective retrospective of a retrospective of painter Hans Hofmann

Answer 268

her‧o‧ine /ˈherəʊɪn $ -roʊ-/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 a woman who is admired for doing something extremely brave → hero heroine of a heroine of the French Resistance 2 the woman or girl who is the main character in a book, film, play etc → hero heroine of Mira, the fictional heroine of ‘The Women’s Room’ 3 a woman who is admired very much for a particular skill or quality → hero, idol somebody’s heroine Oprah is my heroine.

Answer 269

heroin From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Related topics: Drug culture her‧o‧in /ˈherəʊɪn $ -roʊ-/ noun [uncountable] a powerful and illegal drug made from morphine be on/use/take heroin a heroin addict

Answer 270

he‧ro /ˈhɪərəʊ $ ˈhɪroʊ/ ●●● W3 noun (plural heroes) [countable]

Answer 271

in‧con‧gru‧ous /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs $ -ˈkɑːŋ-/ adjective strange, unexpected, or unsuitable in a particular situation The new theatre looks utterly incongruous in its setting. —incongruously adverb

Answer 272

in‧sa‧tia‧ble /ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl/ adjective always wanting more and more of something insatiable appetite/desire/demand etc (for something) his insatiable appetite for power our insatiable thirst for knowledge —insatiably adverb

Answer 273

ar‧bi‧tra‧ry /ˈɑːbətrəri, -tri $ ˈɑːrbətreri/ ●○○ AWL adjective decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly an arbitrary decision the arbitrary arrests of political opponents —arbitrariness noun [uncountable] —arbitrarily /ˈɑːbətrərəli $ ˌɑːrbəˈtrerəli/ adverb an arbitrarily chosen number

Answer 274

pli‧a‧ble /ˈplaɪəbəl/ adjective 1 able to bend without breaking or cracking a shoe made of soft pliable leather 2 easily influenced and controlled by other people Senior officials would have preferred a more pliable government. —pliability /ˌplaɪəˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 275

pro‧te‧an /ˈprəʊtiən, prəʊˈtiːən $ ˈproʊtiən, proʊ-/ adjective literary able to keep changing or to do many things

Answer 276

pro‧tein /ˈprəʊtiːn $ ˈproʊ-/ ●●○ noun [countable, uncountable] one of several natural substances that exist in food such as meat, eggs, and beans, and which your body needs in order to grow and remain strong and healthy

Answer 277

can‧ny /ˈkæni/ adjective 1 clever, careful, and not easily deceived, especially in business or politics a canny political advisor 2 nice, good – used in Scotland a canny lass —cannily adverb

Answer 278

pru‧dence /ˈpruːdəns/ noun [uncountable] a sensible and careful attitude that makes you avoid unnecessary risks financial prudence

Answer 279

al‧tru‧is‧m /ˈæltru-ɪzəm/ noun [uncountable] when you care about or help other people, even though this brings no advantage to yourself Many choose to work in developing countries out of altruism. —altruist noun [countable]

Answer 280

brood‧ing /ˈbruːdɪŋ/ adjective literary 1 mysterious and threatening the brooding silence of the forest 2 looking thoughtful and sad brooding eyes —broodingly adverb

Answer 281

un‧ruf‧fled /ʌnˈrʌfəld/ adjective calm and not upset by a difficult situation – use this to show approval Emily remained completely unruffled by the chaos.

Answer 282

Prov‧i‧dence, providence /ˈprɒvɪdəns $ ˈprɑː-/ noun [uncountable] literary a force which is believed by some people to control what happens in our lives and to protect us → fate divine providence

Answer 283

prolepsis /prə(ʊ)ˈlɛpsɪs/ noun Rhetoric 1. the anticipation and answering of possible objections in rhetorical speech. 2. the representation of a thing as existing before it actually does or did so, as in he was a dead man when he entered. "the destruction of the Vendôme Column and his part in it are foreshadowed in moments of haunting prolepsis"

Answer 284

pro‧lapse /ˈprəʊlæps, prəʊˈlæps $ proʊˈlæps, ˈproʊlæps/ noun [countable] medical the slipping of an inner part of your body, such as the womb, from its usual position

Answer 285

pro‧fes‧sor /prəˈfesə $ -ər/ ●●● S3 W3 noun [countable] 1 British English a teacher of the highest rank in a university department Professor Barclay professor of Chinese/economics/religion etc She’s been named the professor of English. ► see thesaurus at teacher 2 American English a teacher at a university or college Ted’s a college professor. biology/history/French etc professor Who’s your chemistry professor?

Answer 286

an‧no‧tate /ˈænəteɪt/ verb [transitive] to add short notes to a book or piece of writing to explain parts of it an annotated edition of ‘Othello’ Grammar Annotate is usually passive. —annotation /ˌænəˈteɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable] → See Verb table

Answer 287

font /fɒnt $ fɑːnt/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 technical a set of letters of a particular size and style, used for printing books, newspapers etc or on a computer screen 2 a large stone container in a church, that holds the water used for the ceremony of baptism

Answer 288

past tense: shit or shat

Answer 289

con‧tin‧gen‧cy /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/ ●○○ noun (plural contingencies) [countable] 1 an event or situation that might happen in the future, especially one that could cause problems a contingency plan Add up your outgoings, putting on a bit more for contingencies.

Answer 290

in‧hos‧pi‧ta‧ble /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbəl $ -hɑː-/ adjective 1 an inhospitable place is difficult to live or stay in because the weather conditions are unpleasant or there is no shelter an inhospitable climate He trekked across some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world. 2 an inhospitable person does not welcome visitors in a friendly way inhospitable to Some governments are inhospitable to aid workers

Answer 291

by and large used when making a general statement By and large, the new arrangements have worked well.

Answer 292

plight1 /plaɪt/ ●○○ noun [usually singular] a very bad situation that someone is in plight of the desperate plight of the flood victims the country’s economic plight

Answer 293

con‧quis‧ta‧dor /kɒnˈkwɪstədɔː $ kɑːnˈkiːstədɔːr/ noun [countable] one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 18th century

Answer 294

pre‧car‧i‧ous /prɪˈkeəriəs $ -ˈker-/ adjective 1 a precarious situation or state is one which may very easily or quickly become worse Her health remained precarious, despite the treatment. the company’s precarious financial position 2 likely to fall, or likely to cause someone to fall a precarious mountain trail —precariously adverb a cup of tea balanced precariously on her knee —precariousness noun [uncountable]

Answer 295

bour‧geois /ˈbʊəʒwɑː $ bʊrˈʒwɑː/ adjective 1 belonging to the middle class She came from a bourgeois family. bourgeois morality 2 too interested in having a lot of possessions and a high position in society the backlash against bourgeois materialism 3 belonging to or typical of the part of society that is rich, educated, owns land etc, according to Marxism

Answer 296

the bourgeoisie the people in a society who are rich, educated, own land etc, according to Marxism → the proletariat

Answer 297

en‧thrall‧ing /ɪnˈθrɔːlɪŋ $ -ˈθrɒːl-/ adjective extremely interesting an enthralling experience ► see thesaurus at interesting

Answer 298

e‧poch /ˈiːpɒk $ ˈepək/ noun [countable] a period of history SYN era the Victorian epoch The king’s death marked the end of an epoch. the beginning of a new epoch

Answer 299

e‧ra /ˈɪərə $ ˈɪrə/ ●●○ W3 noun [countable] a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities era of We live in an era of instant communication. a new era of world peace His death marked the end of an era. the Victorian era ► see thesaurus at period COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES/NOUN + era a new era The talks signalled a new era of cooperation between the two countries. the present era People feel much less secure in the present era of international terrorism. the modern/post-war/Victorian etc era a collection of romantic paintings from the Victorian era the Blair/Bush etc era (=the time when a particular political leaders was in power, used especially in journalism) The end of the Bush era was defined, at least in part, by the war in Iraq. a bygone era (=a time in the past, usually when something was good) The buildings have the elegance of a bygone era. a golden era (=a time when something is at its most successful) a collection of songs from the golden era of rock 'n' roll verbs enter an era We have entered an era of instant global communication. usher in an era (=to be the start of a new era) His death ushered in an era of political instability. an era begins A new era began for Northern Ireland with the signing of the peace agreement. an era ends The era of cheap oil has ended. phrases the beginning/end of an era The closure of the last coal mine marked the end of an era in Wales. the dawn/dawning of a new era (=the time when something important first begins) The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the dawn of a new era in Europe.

Answer 300

Cultural relativism is the view that concepts and moral values must be understood in their own cultural context and not judged according to the standards of a different culture.

Answer 301

gen‧try /ˈdʒentri/ noun [plural] old-fashioned people who belong to a high social class a member of the landed gentry (=gentry who own land)

Answer 302

ar‧is‧to‧crat‧ic /ˌærəstəˈkrætɪk◂, əˌrɪs- $ əˌrɪs-/ adjective belonging to or typical of the aristocracy SYN noble an aristocratic family

Answer 303

ol‧i‧gar‧chy /ˈɒləɡɑːki $ ˈɑːləɡɑːrki/ noun (plural oligarchies) 1 [countable usually singular] a small group of people who run a country or organization, or a country that is run by a small group of people 2 [uncountable] when a country or organization is run by a small group of people Eventually oligarchy took over from democracy.

Answer 304

ar‧is‧toc‧ra‧cy /ˌærəˈstɒkrəsi $ -ˈstɑː-/ noun (plural aristocracies) [countable usually singular] the people in the highest social class, who traditionally have a lot of land, money, and power dukes, earls, and other members of the aristocracy the landed aristocracy (=who own a lot of land) → upper class

Answer 305

au‧toc‧ra‧cy /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi $ ɒːˈtɑː-/ noun (plural autocracies) 1 [uncountable] a system of government in which one person or group has unlimited power SYN dictatorship 2 [countable] a country or organization that is completely controlled by one powerful person or group SYN dictatorship

Answer 306

au‧thor‧i‧tar‧i‧an /ɔːˌθɒrəˈteəriən◂ $ ɒːˌθɑːrəˈter-, əˌθɔː-/ ●○○ adjective strictly forcing people to obey a set of rules or laws, especially ones that are wrong or unfair an authoritarian government Critics claim his management has become too authoritarian. ► see thesaurus at strict —authoritarian noun [countable] —authoritarianism noun [uncountable]

Answer 307

o‧paque /əʊˈpeɪk $ oʊ-/ ●○○ adjective [usually before noun] 1 opaque glass or liquid is difficult to see through and often thick OPP transparent a shower with an opaque glass door 2 formal difficult to understand SYN obscure an opaque style of writing —opaqueness noun [uncountable]

Answer 308

fly‧fish‧ing /ˈflaɪˌfɪʃɪŋ/ noun [uncountable] the sport of fishing in a river or lake with special hooks that are made to look like flies

Answer 309

streak1 /striːk/ ●●○ noun [countable] 1 a coloured line, especially one that is not straight or has been made accidentally Sue has blonde streaks in her hair. 2 a part of someone’s character that is different from the rest of their character a mean streak streak of His serious nature was lightened by a streak of mischief. 3 a period of time during which you continue to be successful or to fail be on a winning/losing streak Celtic are on a six-game winning streak. 4 → streak of lightning/fire/light etc

Answer 310

glean /ɡliːn/ verb 1 [transitive] to find out information slowly and with difficulty glean something from somebody/something Additional information was gleaned from other sources. 2 [intransitive, transitive] to collect grain that has been left behind after the crops have been cut

Answer 311

sa‧li‧ent /ˈseɪliənt/ adjective formal the salient points or features of something are the most important or most noticeable parts of it the salient points of the report —salience noun [uncountable]

Answer 312

la‧bor‧a‧tory /ləˈbɒrətri $ ˈlæbrətɔːri/ ●●● W3 noun (plural laboratories) [countable] a special room or building in which a scientist does tests or prepares substances a research laboratory laboratory tests/experiments/studies tests on laboratory animals

Answer 313

lav‧a‧to‧ry /ˈlævətəri $ -tɔːri/ ●○○ noun (plural lavatories) [countable] formal a toilet or the room a toilet is in

Answer 314

oe‧soph‧a‧gus British English, esophagus American English /ɪˈsɒfəɡəs $ ɪˈsɑː-/ noun (plural oesophaguses or oesophagi /-ɡaɪ/) [countable] the tube which food passes down from your mouth to your stomac

Answer 315

sar‧coph‧a‧gus /sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs $ sɑːrˈkɑː-/ noun (plural sarcophagi /-ɡaɪ/) [countable] a decorated stone box for a dead body, used in ancient times

Answer 316

as‧par‧a‧gus /əˈspærəɡəs/ noun [uncountable] Image of asparagusa long thin green vegetable with a point at one end

Answer 317

dis‧po‧si‧tion /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/ ●○○ noun formal 1 [countable usually singular] a particular type of character which makes someone likely to behave or react in a certain way SYN temperament of a nervous/sociable/sensitive etc disposition (=having a nervous etc character) The film is not suitable for people of a nervous disposition. have a cheerful/sunny etc disposition (=have a happy character) 2 [singular] a tendency or willingness to behave in a particular way SYN inclination have/show a disposition to do something Neither side shows the slightest disposition to compromise. disposition towards Most children have a disposition towards obedience. 3 [countable usually singular] the position or arrangement of something in a particular place disposition of a map showing the disposition of American forces 4 [uncountable] formal the way in which something is dealt with or used disposition of A solicitor advised him as to the disposition of the money.

Answer 318

in‧cli‧na‧tion /ˌɪŋkləˈneɪʃən/ ●○○ AWL noun 1 [countable, uncountable] a feeling that makes you want to do something My natural inclination was to say no. inclination to do something Neither of my children showed the slightest inclination to follow me into journalism. Teachers simply do not have the time or the inclination to investigate these matters. 2 [countable, uncountable] a tendency to think or behave in a particular way inclination to do something an inclination to see everything in political terms inclination to/towards She’s troubled by her son’s inclination toward atheism. by inclination Bart was a romantic by inclination. 3 [countable] a movement made down towards the ground She greeted Maggie with an inclination of the head. 4 [countable, uncountable] formal a slope, or the angle at which something slopes

Answer 319

suf‧fice /səˈfaɪs/ ●○○ verb [intransitive] 1 formal to be enough A light lunch will suffice. suffice for A few brief observations will suffice for present purposes. suffice to do something A few more statistics will suffice to show the trends of the time. 2 → suffice (it) to say (that)

Answer 320

3 country/race [countable] the people who belong to a particular country, race, or area the British/American etc people He pledged that he would never lie to the American people. people of the Basques, a people of northwestern Spain the peoples of Europe

Answer 321

for‧ni‧cate /ˈfɔːnɪkeɪt $ ˈfɔːr-/ verb [intransitive] a word meaning to have sex with someone who you are not married to – used to show strong disapproval —fornication /ˌfɔːnɪˈkeɪʃən $ ˌfɔːr-/ noun [uncountable] * Many were almost illiterate and spent much of their time drinking and fornicating, as did some of the nuns. * Those who joined were forced to fornicate in the presence of others. Origin fornicate (1500-1600) Late Latin fornicare, from Latin fornix “brothel (= place for buying sex)”

Answer 322

chau‧vin‧ist /ˈʃəʊvɪnɪst $ ˈʃoʊ-/ noun [countable] 1 someone, especially a man, who believes that their own sex is better or more important than the other sex He’s a bit of a male chauvinist. a male chauvinist pig (=an insulting name for a male chauvinist) 2 someone who believes that their own country or race is better or more important than any other —chauvinist adjective

Answer 323

com‧pla‧cent /kəmˈpleɪsənt/ adjective pleased with a situation, especially something you have achieved, so that you stop trying to improve or change things – used to show disapproval There’s a danger of becoming complacent if you win a few games. a complacent attitude towards the problem complacent about We simply cannot afford to be complacent about the future of our car industry. —complacently adverb

Answer 324

um‧brel‧la /ʌmˈbrelə/ ●●● S3 noun [countable] 1 Image of umbrellaan object that you use to protect yourself against rain or hot sun. It consists of a circular folding frame covered in cloth → parasol

Answer 325

pas‧tor‧al /ˈpɑːstərəl $ ˈpæ-/ adjective 1 relating to the duties of a priest, minister etc towards the members of their religious group his pastoral work among the congregation 2 literary typical of the simple peaceful life in the country a charming pastoral scene from Wikipedia: The pastoral genre of literature, art, or music depicts an idealised form of the shepherd's lifestyle – herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture. The target audience is typically an urban one. 3 relating to the duties of a teacher in advising students about their personal needs rather than their schoolwork pastoral care at the school

Answer 326

mo‧sa‧ic /məʊˈzeɪ-ɪk $ moʊ-/ ●○○ noun 1 [countable, uncountable] a pattern or picture made by fitting together small pieces of coloured stone, glass etc rooms decorated with wall paintings and mosaics a 3rd-century Roman mosaic floor 2 [countable usually singular] a group of different things that exist next to each other or together mosaic of The forest floor was a mosaic of autumn colours. the complex mosaic of world cultures Mosaic adjective relating to Moses, the great leader of the Jewish people in ancient times the Mosaic law

Answer 327

ep‧ic1 /ˈepɪk/ ●○○ noun [countable] a book, poem, or film that tells a long story about brave actions and exciting events a Hollywood epic

Answer 328

THESAURUS story: a description of how something happened that is intended to entertain people, and may be true or imaginary a ghost story a love story It’s a story about a man who loses his memory. a book of short stories Tale: a story about strange imaginary events, or exciting events that happened in the past a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen I loved hearing tales of his travels. Myth [noun] [countable, uncountable] a very old imaginary story about gods and magical creatures an ancient myth Greek and Roman myths Legend: noun [countable, uncountable] an old story about brave people or magical events that are probably not true popular legends of the creation of the world According to legend, King Arthur was buried there. Fable /ˈfeɪbəl/ a traditional imaginary short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially a story about animals the fable of the tortoise and the hare a Chinese fable Epic: a story told in a long book, film, or poem which is about great or exciting events, especially in history an epic about 13th-century Scottish hero William Wallace Saga: a story about a series of events that take place over a long period of time, especially events involving one family a family saga beginning in the 1880s Yarn: informal a long exciting story that is not completely true The movie’s a rattling good yarn and full of action.

Answer 329

el‧e‧gy /ˈelɪdʒi/ noun (plural elegies) [countable] a sad poem or song, especially about someone who has died → eulogy

Answer 330

pic‧a‧resque /ˌpɪkəˈresk◂/ adjective a picaresque story tells the amusing and unlikely adventures of a character who travels to a lot of different places

Answer 331

pen‧i‧tent1 /ˈpenɪtənt/ adjective formal feeling sorry because you have done something wrong, and are intending not to do it again SYN repentant a penitent expression —penitently adverb —penitence noun [uncountable]

Answer 332

im‧pe‧ri‧al‧is‧m /ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm $ -ˈpɪr-/ noun [uncountable] 1 a political system in which one country rules a lot of other countries → colonialism a book on the history of British imperialism 2 the way in which a rich or powerful country’s way of life, culture, businesses etc influence and change a poorer country’s way of life etc cultural/economic/social etc imperialism Small nations resent Western cultural imperialism. —imperialist noun [countable] —imperialist, imperialistic adjective

Answer 333

mer‧ce‧na‧ry1 /ˈmɜːsənəri $ ˈmɜːrsəneri/ noun (plural mercenaries) [countable] a soldier who fights for any country or group that will pay him an army of foreign mercenaries a mercenary soldier

Answer 334

sat‧i‧rist /ˈsætɪrɪst/ noun [countable] someone who writes satire

Answer 335

bal‧lad /ˈbæləd/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 a slow love song 2 a short story in the form of a poem or song

Answer 336

sweep‧ing /ˈswiːpɪŋ/ ●○○ adjective 1 affecting many things, or making an important difference to something sweeping changes/cuts/reforms etc They want to make sweeping changes to education policies. 2 [only before noun] including a lot of information about something a sweeping look at European history 3 → sweeping statement/generalization 4 forming a curved shape the sweeping curve of the driveway a sweeping gesture 5 → sweeping victory

Answer 337

/ˈlɪkərt/

Answer 338

cha‧rade /ʃəˈrɑːd $ ʃəˈreɪd/ noun 1 → charades 2 [countable] a situation in which people behave as though something is true or serious, when it is not really true Unless more money is given to schools, all this talk of improving education is just a charade.

Answer 339

ty‧phus /ˈtaɪfəs/ noun [uncountable] a serious infectious disease carried by insects that live on the bodies of people and animals a typhus epidemic

Answer 340

pseu‧do‧nym /ˈsjuːdənɪm $ ˈsuː-/ noun [countable] an invented name that a writer, artist etc uses instead of their real name SYN nom de plume under a pseudonym He wrote under the pseudonym ‘Silchester’. —pseudonymous /sjuːˈdɒnɪməs $ suːˈdɑː-/ adjective He was the pseudonymous author. —pseudonymously adverb

Answer 341

per‧me‧ate /ˈpɜːmieɪt $ ˈpɜːr-/ verb 1 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] if liquid, gas etc permeates something, it enters it and spreads through every part of it The smell of diesel oil permeated the air. permeate through/into Rain permeates through the ground to add to ground water levels. 2 [transitive] if ideas, beliefs, emotions etc permeate something, they are present in every part of it Racism continues to permeate our society. An emotional intensity permeates every one of O'Connor’s songs.

Answer 342

fetch1 /fetʃ/ ●●● S3 verb

Answer 343

e‧lope /ɪˈləʊp $ ɪˈloʊp/ verb [intransitive] to leave your home secretly in order to get married My parents didn’t approve of the marriage, so we eloped. —elopement noun [countable, uncountable]

Answer 344

a‧bide /əˈbaɪd/ verb 1 → somebody can’t abide somebody/something used to say that someone dislikes someone or something very much I can’t abide that man – he’s so self-satisfied. 2 (past tense abode /əˈbəʊd $ əˈboʊd/) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] old use to live somewhere

Answer 345

pros‧o‧dy /ˈprɒsədi $ ˈprɑː-/ noun [uncountable] technical the patterns of sound and rhythm in poetry and spoken language, or the rules for arranging these patterns —prosodic /prəˈsɒdɪk $ -ˈsɑː-/ adjective

Answer 346

ig‧no‧ble /ɪɡˈnəʊbəl $ -ˈnoʊ-/ adjective formal ignoble thoughts, feelings, or actions are ones that you should feel ashamed or embarrassed about SYN base ignoble feelings of intense jealousy

Answer 347

in‧hi‧bi‧tion /ˌɪnhəˈbɪʃən/ ●○○ AWL noun 1 [countable, uncountable] a feeling of shyness or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you really want She had no inhibitions about saying what she felt. People tend to lose their inhibitions when they’ve drunk a lot of alcohol. 2 [uncountable] technical when something is restricted or prevented from happening or developing a marked inhibition of cell growth

Answer 348

wid‧get /ˈwɪdʒɪt/ noun [countable] 1 spoken a small piece of equipment that you do not know the name for 2 informal used to refer to an imaginary product that a company might produce Company A produces 6,000 widgets a month at a unit price of $0.33. 3 technical a small piece of software used as part of a webpage, or on a mobile phone, that shows information or does other things in a way that is controlled by the user

Answer 349

in‧sti‧tute1 /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt $ -tuːt/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun [countable]

Answer 350

swan1 /swɒn $ swɑːn/ noun [countable] a large white bird with a long neck that lives on rivers and lakes

Answer 351

swine /swaɪn/ noun [countable] 1 (plural swine or swines) informal someone who behaves very rudely or unpleasantly Leave her alone, you filthy swine! 2 (plural swine) old use a pig

Answer 352

grap‧ple /ˈɡræpəl/ verb [intransitive] to fight or struggle with someone, holding them tightly SYN wrestle grapple with Two men grappled with a guard at the door. → grapple with something

Answer 353

sift /sɪft/ verb [transitive] 1 to put flour, sugar etc through a sieve or similar container in order to remove large pieces 2 (also sift through) to examine information, documents etc carefully in order to find something out or decide what is important and what is not Police are sifting through the evidence.

Answer 354

cue1 /kjuː/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 an action or event that is a signal for something else to happen cue for Our success was the cue for other companies to press ahead with new investment. somebody’s cue to do something I think that’s my cue to explain why I’m here. 2 a word, phrase, or action in a play that is a signal for the next person to speak or act She stood nervously in the wings waiting for her cue. miss your cue (=not speak or act when you are supposed to) 3 → (right/as if) on cue 4 → take your cue from somebody 5 Image of cuea long straight wooden stick used for hitting the ball in games such as billiards and pool

Answer 355

in‧cho‧ate /ɪnˈkəʊət $ -ˈkoʊ-/ adjective formal inchoate ideas, plans, attitudes etc are only just starting to develop

Answer 356

satirical /səˈtɪrɪkəl/ adjective a well-known satirical magazine —satiric adjective —satirically /-kli/ adverb sat‧ire /ˈsætaɪə $ -taɪr/ ●○○ noun 1 [uncountable] a way of criticizing something such as a group of people or a system, in which you deliberately make them seem funny so that people will see their faults

Answer 357

gar‧ner /ˈɡɑːnə $ ˈɡɑːrnər/ verb [transitive] formal to take or collect something, especially information or support → glean The party garnered 70 percent of the vote.

Answer 358

fling1 /flɪŋ/ ●●○ verb (past tense and past participle flung /flʌŋ/) [transitive always + adverb/preposition] 1 throw something to throw something somewhere using a lot of force fling something into something He flung the box into the river. People cheered and flung their hats into the air. ► see thesaurus at throw 2 move something to throw or move something roughly and carelessly He flung his coat over the back of a chair. She flung back the covers and got up. He flung the books aside angrily. 3 push somebody to push someone roughly, especially so that they fall to the ground SYN throw He grabbed her arm and flung her to the ground. 4 move your body to move yourself or part of your body quickly, using a lot of force SYN throw He flung himself down on the bed. She flung her arms round Louise. 5 say something to say something to someone in an angry way SYN throw fling something at somebody People were flinging all sorts of accusations at her. His own words were flung back at him.

Answer 359

pole vault noun vault1 /vɔːlt $ vɒːlt/ ●○○ noun [countable] → the pole vault —pole vaulter noun [countable] —pole vaulting noun [uncountable]

Answer 360

re‧main‧der /rɪˈmeɪndə $ -ər/ ●○○ noun 1 → the remainder 2 [countable] a) the number you get when you subtract one number from another number b) the number that is left when you divide one number by another number Fifteen divided by four gives you a remainder of 3.

Answer 361

mis‧sal /ˈmɪsəl/ noun [countable] a book containing all the prayers said during each Mass for a whole year in the Roman Catholic Church mis‧sile /ˈmɪsaɪl $ ˈmɪsəl/ ●○○ noun [countable] 1 a weapon that can fly over long distances and that explodes when it hits the thing it has been aimed at a nuclear missile a missile attack 2 an object that is thrown at someone in order to hurt them Demonstrators threw missiles at the police.

Answer 362

weave1 /wiːv/ ●○○ verb (past tense wove /wəʊv $ woʊv/, past participle woven /ˈwəʊvən $ ˈwoʊ-/) 1 cloth etc [intransitive, transitive] to make cloth, a carpet, a basket etc by crossing threads or thin pieces under and over each other by hand or on a loom hand-woven scarves Only a few of the women still weave. traditional basket weaving 2 story [transitive] to put many different ideas, subjects, stories etc together and connect them smoothly She weaves a complicated plot of romance and intrigue. weave something together the complex patterns which evolve when individuals’ lives are woven together 3 → weave your magic/weave a spell 4 move (past tense and past participle weaved) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to move somewhere by turning and changing direction a lot cyclists weaving in and out of the traffic weave your way through/to etc something Lori spotted them as they weaved their way through the tables.

Answer 363

Shalom (Hebrew: שָׁלוֹם šālōm) is a Hebrew word meaning peace and can be used idiomatically to mean hello.

Answer 364

trap‧e‧zoid /ˈtræpəzɔɪd/ noun [countable] technical 1 British English a shape with four sides, none of which are parallel 2 American English a shape with four sides, only two of which are parallel

Answer 365

Passover is celebrated by Jews every year, commemorating the anniversary of our miraculous Exodus.

Answer 366

limp2 verb [intransitive] 1 to walk slowly and with difficulty because one leg is hurt or injured Moreno limped off the field with a foot injury. ► see thesaurus at walk 2 [always + adverb/preposition] if a ship or aircraft limps somewhere, it goes there slowly, because it has been damaged limp into The damaged liner limped into New York. limp3 noun [countable] the way someone walks when they are limping Young walked with a slight limp.

Answer 367

het‧e‧ro‧ge‧ne‧ous /ˌhetərəʊˈdʒiːniəs $ -roʊ-/ (also heterogenous /ˌhetəˈrɒdʒənəs◂ $ -ˈrɑː-/) adjective formal consisting of parts or members that are very different from each other OPP homogeneous a heterogeneous collection of buildings —heterogeneously adverb —heterogeneity /ˌhetərəʊdʒəˈniːəti $ -roʊ-/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 368

homogeneous From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English ho‧mo‧ge‧ne‧ous /ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːniəs◂ $ ˌhoʊ-/ ●○○ (also homogenous /həˈmɒdʒɪnəs $ -ˈmɑː-/) adjective consisting of people or things that are all of the same type → heterogeneous a homogeneous society —homogeneously adverb

Answer 369

ap‧pro‧pri‧ate1 /əpˈproʊpriət/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL adjective correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose OPP inappropriate

Answer 370

sub‧tle‧ty /ˈsʌtlti/ noun (plural subtleties) 1 [uncountable] the quality that something has when it has been done in a clever or skilful way, with careful attention to small details The play lacks subtlety. She argued her case with considerable subtlety. 2 [countable usually plural] a thought, idea, or detail that is important but difficult to notice or understand subtlety of Some of the subtleties of the language are lost in translation.

Answer 371

nov‧ice /ˈnɒvɪs $ ˈnɑː-/ noun [countable] 1 someone who has no experience in a skill, subject, or activity SYN beginner The computer course is ideal for novices. novice at I’m still a complete novice at the sport. This trail is not recommended for novice bikers. 2 someone who has recently joined a religious group to become a monk or nun

Answer 372

vest1 /vest/ ●●○ noun [countable] 1 British English a piece of underwear without sleeves that you wear on the top half of your body SYN undershirt American English 2 a piece of special clothing without sleeves that you wear over your clothes to protect your body a bulletproof vest 3 American English a piece of clothing without sleeves and with buttons down the front that you wear as part of a suit SYN waistcoat British English 4 a sweater without sleeves

Answer 373

so‧bri‧e‧ty /səˈbraɪəti/ noun [uncountable] formal 1 when someone is not drunk John had periods of sobriety, but always went back to drinking. 2 behaviour that shows a serious attitude to life

Answer 374

ca‧non‧i‧cal /kəˈnɒnɪkəl $ kəˈnɑː-/ adjective 1 according to canon law 2 technical in the simplest mathematical form

Answer 375

can‧on /ˈkænən/ noun [countable] 1 a Christian priest who has special duties in a cathedral 2 formal a standard, rule, or principle, or set of these, that are believed by a group of people to be right and good canon of Mapplethorpe’s pictures offended the canons of American good taste. 3 formal a) a list of books or pieces of music that are officially recognized as being the work of a certain writer the Shakespearean canon b) all the books that are recognized as being the most important pieces of literature the literary canon 4 a piece of music in which a tune is started by one singer or instrument and is copied by each of the others 5 an established law of the Christian Church

Answer 376

de‧lin‧quent1 /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ adjective 1 behaving in a way that is illegal or that society does not approve of → criminal delinquent girls/boys/children/teenagers 2 technical a delinquent debt, account etc has not been paid on time the recovery of delinquent loans

Answer 377

mul‧ti‧pli‧ci‧ty /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsəti/ noun [singular, uncountable] formal a large number or great variety of things multiplicity of the multiplicity of courses available to language students

Answer 378

im‧ped‧i‧ment /ɪmˈpedəmənt/ noun [countable] 1 a physical problem that makes speaking, hearing, or moving difficult a speech impediment 2 a situation or event that makes it difficult or impossible for someone or something to succeed or make progress impediment to War is one of the greatest impediments to human progress.

Answer 379

dis‧cur‧sive /dɪsˈkɜːsɪv $ -ɜːr-/ adjective formal discussing many different ideas, facts etc, without always having a clear purpose a long, discursive article —discursively adverb

Answer 380

pri‧mor‧di‧al /praɪˈmɔːdiəl $ -ˈmɔːr-/ adjective formal 1 existing at the beginning of time or the beginning of the Earth the primordial seas 2 primordial feelings are very strong and seem to come from the part of people’s character that is ancient and animal-like He was driven on by a primordial terror.

Answer 381

sche‧ma /ˈskiːmə/ noun (plural schemas or schemata /-mətə/) [countable] technical a drawing or description of the main parts of something

Answer 382

man‧ner‧is‧m /ˈmænərɪzəm/ noun [countable] a way of speaking or moving that is typical of a particular person He has the same mannerisms as his father.

Answer 383

e‧la‧tion /ɪˈleɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] a feeling of great happiness and excitement► see thesaurus at pleasure

Answer 384

con‧fla‧gra‧tion /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən $ ˌkɑːn-/ noun [countable] formal 1 a very large fire that destroys a lot of buildings, forests etc► see thesaurus at fire 2 a violent situation or war

Answer 385

de‧vise /dɪˈvaɪz/ ●●○ verb [transitive] to plan or invent a new way of doing something She devised a method for quicker communications between offices. ► see thesaurus at invent COLLOCATIONS nouns devise a method/way Our aim is to devise a way to improve quality and reduce costs. devise a means (=think of a way) We must devise a means of transport that does not pollute the atmosphere. devise a system How do you devise a system of testing students that is completely fair? devise a plan/scheme Together they devised a clever plan to escape. devise a strategy The region is keen to devise a strategy to develop tourism. devise a solution Representatives met to discuss the crisis and devise solutions. devise a programme Your trainer will devise an exercise programme for you to follow. devise an experiment/test He devised a series of experiments to test his theory.

Answer 386

ex‧a‧cer‧bate /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt $ -sər-/ ●○○ verb [transitive] to make a bad situation worse The recession has exacerbated this problem. I don’t want to exacerbate the situation. —exacerbation /ɪɡˌzæsəˈbeɪʃən $ -sər-/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 387

cou‧pon /ˈkuːpɒn $ -pɑːn/ ●●○ noun [countable] 1 a small piece of printed paper that gives you the right to pay less for something or get something free The coupon entitles you to ten cents off your next purchase. 2 a printed form, used when you order something, enter a competition etc To order, fill in the coupon on page 154.

Answer 388

am‧ple /ˈæmpəl/ ●○○ adjective 1 more than enough SYN sufficient OPP insufficient ample time/evidence/opportunity You’ll have ample time for questions later. There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing. ample room/space etc She found ample room for her things in the wardrobe. ► see thesaurus at enough 2 literary large in a way that is attractive or pleasant an ample bosom —amply adverb Recent US history has amply demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention.

Answer 389

pe‧tro‧le‧um /pəˈtrəʊliəm $ -ˈtroʊ-/ noun [uncountable] oil that is obtained from below the surface of the Earth and is used to make petrol, paraffin, and various chemical substances petroleum-based products

Answer 390

Min‧o‧taur, the /ˈmɪnətɔː, ˈmaɪ- $ tɔːr/ in ancient Greek stories, a creature which was half a man and half a bull (=a male cow), which was kept in a labyrinth (=a complicated network of paths which it is difficult to find your way out of) and was given young men and women to eat. It was killed by Theseus.