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My words practice - Pronunciation > Whatever > Flashcards

Whatever Flashcards

1
Q

academic

A

/ˌækəˈdemɪk/

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2
Q

accident
accidental

A

/ˈæksɪdənt/
/ˌæksəˈdentl/

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3
Q

accord

A

ac‧cord1 /əˈkɔːd $ -ɔːrd/ ●○○ noun
1 → of somebody’s/something’s own accord
2 [uncountable] formal a situation in which two people, ideas, or statements agree with each other
be in accord with something
These results are in accord with earlier research.

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4
Q

according
accordingly

A

/əˈkɔːrdiŋ/
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋli

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5
Q

accurate
accurately

A

/ˈækjərət/
/ˈækjərətli/

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6
Q

accuse

A

/əˈkjuːz/

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7
Q

achieve
achievement

A

/əˈtʃiːvmənt/

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8
Q

acid
acidic

A

/ˈæsɪd/
/əˈsɪdɪk/ adjective

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9
Q

acknowledge

A

/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/

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10
Q

acquire
acquisition

A

/əˈkwaɪr/
/ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

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11
Q

actively

A

/’~/

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12
Q

activity

A

/ækˈtɪvəti/

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13
Q

actual
actually

A

ˈæktʃuə
ˈæktʃuəli

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14
Q

additionally

A

/əˈdɪʃənəl/

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15
Q

Address

A

n /əˈdres, ˈædres/
v /əˈdres/

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16
Q

adequate
adequately

A

/ˈædɪkwət/
/ˈædɪkwətli/

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17
Q

adjust

A

/əˈdʒʌst/
/əˈdʒʌstmənt/

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18
Q

admiration

A

/ædməˈreɪʃən/

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19
Q

admire

A

/ədˈmaɪr/

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20
Q

admit

A

/ədˈmɪt/

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21
Q

adult

A

/ˈædʌlt, əˈdʌlt/

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22
Q

advantage

A

/ədˈvæntɪdʒ/

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23
Q

advertise
advertising

A

/’~/
/’~/

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24
Q

advertisement

A

/ædvərˈtaɪzment/

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25
Q

advice
advise

A

/ədˈvaɪs/
/ədˈvaɪz/

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26
Q

effect
affect

A

/ɪˈfekt/ [countable, uncountable] a change that is caused by an event, action etc
af‧fect /əˈfekt/ verb [transitive]
1 to do something that produces an effect or change in something or in someone’s situation

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27
Q

affection

A

/əˈfekʃən/

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28
Q

afford / affordable

A

/əˈfɔːrdəbəl/

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29
Q

afraid

A

/əˈfreɪd/

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30
Q

again

A

/əˈɡen/

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31
Q

against

A

/əˈɡenst/

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32
Q

ago

A

əˈɡoʊ

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33
Q

agree / agreement

A

/ə’~/

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34
Q

ahead
alarm
alarmed
alarming

A

/ə’~/

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35
Q

alcohol
alcoholism
alcoholic

A

/ˈælkəhɒl/
/ˈælkəhɒlɪzəm’/
/ælkəˈhɒlɪk/

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36
Q

all right

A

all ‘right

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37
Q

allied
Ally

A

əˈlaɪd
/ˈælaɪ/

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38
Q

allow

A

/əˈlaʊ/

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39
Q

alphabet
alphabetical
alphabetically

A

/ˈæl
/ælfəˈbetɪkəl/
/ælfəˈbetɪkəli/

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40
Q

already

A

/ɒːlˈredi/

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41
Q

although

A

/ɒːlˈðoʊ/

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42
Q

ambulance

A

/ˈæmbjələns/

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43
Q

anniversary

A

/ˌænəˈvɜːsəri/

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44
Q

anti

A

/æntɪ, æntaɪ/

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45
Q

anxiety
anxious
anxiously

A

/æŋˈzaɪəti/
/ˈæŋkʃəs/
/ˈæŋkʃəsli/

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46
Q

apology
apologize

A

/əˈpɑːlədʒi/
/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz /

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47
Q

appeal
appear

A

/əˈ~/

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48
Q

appearance

A

/əˈpɪrəns/

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49
Q

appropriate

A

/əˈproʊpriət/

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50
Q

arena

A

/əˈriːnə/

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51
Q

awe

A

in awe / with awe
/ɒː/

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52
Q

argue / argument

A

/’~/

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53
Q

arrow

A

/’~/

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54
Q

associate

A

/əˈsəʊʃieɪt, əˈsəʊsieit/

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55
Q

atmosphere

A

/ˈætməsfɪr/

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56
Q

attorney

A

at‧tor‧ney /əˈtɜːrni/

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57
Q

autumn

A

/ɒːtəm/

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58
Q

bacteria

A

/bækˈtɪəriə/

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59
Q

bandage

A

/ˈbændɪdʒ/

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60
Q

plaster

A

/’ /

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61
Q

forbid

A

forbade

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62
Q

illegible

A

/ɪˈledʒəbəl/

eligible /ˈelɪdʒəbəl/ ●○○ adjective
1 someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are the right age
eligible for
Students on a part-time course are not eligible for a loan.
eligible to do something
Over 500,000 18-year-olds will become eligible to vote this year.
2 [only before noun] an eligible man or woman would be good to marry because they are rich, attractive, and not married
Stephen was regarded as an eligible bachelor.
—eligibility /ˌelɪdʒəˈbɪləti/ noun

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63
Q

memoir

A

/ˈmemwɑːr/

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64
Q

shrink

A

shrank / shrunk

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65
Q

beak

A

beak /biːk/ mouth of a bird

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66
Q

become
before
belong

A

/bɪˈ~/

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67
Q

biology

A

/baɪˈɑːlədʒi/

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68
Q

biscuit

A

/ˈbɪskɪt/

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69
Q

breath / breathe

A

th / /briːð/

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70
Q

brief

A

n / v / a

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71
Q

capable
capability

A

/ˈkeɪpəbəl/
/ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

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72
Q

column

A

/ˈka:ləm/

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73
Q

collar
color

A

/ˈkɑːlər/
/ˈkʌlər/

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74
Q

crate / barrel

A

-

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75
Q

conservative

A

/kənˈsɜːrvətɪv /

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75
Q

confine
confined

A

/kənˈfaɪn/
/kənˈfaɪnd/

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76
Q

content

A

n /ˈkɑːntent/
n literary /kənˈtent/
a / v /kənˈtent/
v = formal: to make someone feel happy and satisfied

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77
Q

continuous / continuously

A

/kənˈtɪnjuəs/

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78
Q

convention

A

/kənˈvenʃən/

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79
Q

conventional
conventionally
conventionality

A

usual
/kənˈvenʃənəl/
adv
n

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80
Q

cooker

A

stove

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81
Q

cottage

A

/ˈkɑ:tɪdʒ/

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82
Q

courage

A

/ˈkʌ/ɜːrɪdʒ/

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83
Q

Antarctica

A

/ænˈtɑːrktɪkə/

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84
Q

anabolic steroid

A

/ænəba:lɪk sterɔɪd/

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85
Q

wreath

A

/riːθ/

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86
Q

reel

A

/riːl/
1. to be confused or shocked by a situation
Norman’s brain was reeling, but he did his best to appear calm.
reel from
The party is still reeling from its recent election defeat.
2 (also reel back) to step backwards suddenly and almost fall over, especially after being hit or getting a shock
Diane reeled back in amazement.
The force of the punch sent him reeling against the wall.
3 [always + adverb/preposition] to walk in an unsteady way and almost fall over, as if you are drunk
Andy reeled away from the bar and knocked over his stool.

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87
Q

Santa Claus

A

/’sæntə klɒːz/

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88
Q

carton

A

/ˈkɑːrtn/

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89
Q

sleigh

A

/sleɪ/

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90
Q

cowardice

A

/ˈkaʊərdɪs/

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91
Q

creature

A

/ˈkriːtʃər/

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92
Q

statue

A

/ˈstætʃuː/

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93
Q

criterion - criteria

A

/kraɪˈtɪəriən/ - /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

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94
Q

current

A

/ˈkɜːrənt/

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95
Q

damp

A

/dæmp/

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96
Q

annotate

A

/ˈænəteɪt/ verb [transitive]
to add short notes to a book or piece of writing to explain parts of it
an annotated edition of ‘Othello’

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97
Q

orthodox

A

/ˈɔːrθədɑːks/

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98
Q

logo

A

/loʊɡoʊ/

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99
Q

reserve

A

/rɪˈzɜːrv/

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100
Q

pathos

A

/ˈpeɪθa:s/
the quality that a person, situation, film, or play has that makes you feel pity and sadness
the pathos of the woman trying to keep her lover

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101
Q

ethos

A

/iːθɑːs/
the set of ideas and moral attitudes that are typical of a particular group
a community in which people lived according to an ethos of sharing and caring

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102
Q

idle

A

/ˈaɪdl/

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103
Q

ideal

A

/aɪˈdɪəl/

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104
Q

buffalo

A

/ˈbʌfələʊ/

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105
Q

venison

A

/ˈvenəzən/ the meat of a deer

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106
Q

hoax

A

/hoʊks/

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107
Q

conquer

A

/kɑːŋkər/

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108
Q

supremacist

A

/suː’preməsəst/

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109
Q

counterfeit

A

/ˈkaʊntəfɪt/

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110
Q

uncertainty

A

/ʌnˈsɜːrtnti/

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111
Q

survey

A

n /’- /
a /ser’-/

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112
Q

concrete

A

/ˈkɑːnˈkriːt/
made of concrete
a concrete floor
2 definite and specific → abstract

factual / objective tangible

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113
Q

confine

A

/kənˈfaɪn/

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114
Q

confront

A

/kənˈfrʌnt/

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115
Q

conscientious / conscientiousness

A

careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do
A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home.
a conscientious and hard-working student

his conscientiousness and loyalty to the company

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116
Q

contact

A

n & v /’-/

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117
Q

word

A

/wɜːrd/

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118
Q

mauve

A

mauve /moʊv/ noun [uncountable]
a pale purple colour

119
Q

pigment

A

/ˈpɪɡmənt/ noun [countable, uncountable]
a natural substance that makes skin, hair, plants etc a particular color
Melanin is the dark brown pigment of the hair, skin and eyes.

120
Q

Melanin

A

/ˈmelənɪn/

121
Q

pygmy

A

pigmy /ˈpɪɡmi/
someone who belongs to a race of very small people, especially one of the tribes of central Africa
2 someone who is not as good, intelligent, strong etc as other people in the same group – used to show disapproval
a literary pygmy

122
Q

erudite

A

/ˈerədaɪt/ adjective
showing a lot of knowledge based on careful study SYN learned
—eruditely adverb
—erudition /ˌerəˈdɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
Examples from the Corpus
erudite
* Among themselves, ecclesiastics have become eminently sophisticated and erudite.
* Gregarious, erudite and energetic, Brezzo could never be accused of thinking in small, ordinary ways.
* These are biographers who are imposingly erudite but never pedantic.
* He’s erudite, enormously warm and most of all, a golfer.

123
Q

modal

A

modal /moʊdl/ noun [countable]
a modal verb

124
Q

harpsichord

A

harp‧si‧chord /ˈˈhɑːrpsɪkɔːrd/ noun [countable]
a musical instrument like a piano, used especially in the past
—harpsichordist noun [countable]

125
Q

ax

A

axe (also ax American English) /æks/ ●●○ noun [countable]
1 Image of axea tool with a heavy metal blade on the end of a long handle, used to cut down trees or split pieces of wood → pickaxe

to suddenly dismiss someone from their job
There are plans to axe 2,600 staff.
2 to get rid of a plan, system, or service, especially in order to save money
TV’s longest running show is to be axed.

126
Q

sickle

A

sick‧le /ˈsɪkəl/ noun [countable]
Image of sicklea tool with a blade in the shape of a hook, used for cutting wheat or long grass

127
Q

sew

A

sew /səʊ $ soʊ/ ●●● S3 verb (past tense sewed, past participle sewn /səʊn $ soʊn/ or sewed) [intransitive, transitive]
to use a needle and thread to make or repair clothes or to fasten something such as a button to them
I learned to sew at school.
sew something on something
Can you sew a patch on my jeans?
sew something together
She sewed the two sides together.

128
Q

saw

A

saw ●●○ noun [countable]
1 Image of sawa tool that you use for cutting wood. It has a flat blade with an edge cut into many V shapes.

129
Q

sow

A

sow /səʊ $ soʊ/ ●●○ verb (past tense sowed, past participle sown /səʊn $ soʊn/ or sowed)
1 [intransitive, transitive] to plant or scatter seeds on a piece of ground
Sow the seeds in late March.
sow something with something
These fields used to be sown with oats.
2 [transitive] to do something that will cause a bad situation in the future
repressive laws that are sowing the seeds of future conflicts
sow doubt/confusion/dissatisfaction etc
an attempt to sow doubt among the jury members

130
Q

incantation

A

in‧can‧ta‧tion /ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]
special words that someone uses in magic, or the act of saying these words → spell
a book of spells and incantations

131
Q

cloze test

A

/ˈkləʊz test $ ˈkloʊz-/ noun [countable]
a test in which words have been removed from a short piece of writing, and students have to write what they think are the correct words in the empty spaces

132
Q

vulture

A

vul‧ture /ˈvʌltʃər/ noun [countable]
1 Image of vulturea large bird that eats dead animals
2 someone who uses other people’s problems and suffering for their own advantage – used to show disapproval
He hadn’t been dead five minutes before those vultures from the media were after his widow.

133
Q

debate

A

/dɪˈbeɪt/ n v

134
Q

decade

A

/ˈdekeɪd, deˈkeɪd/

135
Q

decay

A

/dɪˈkeɪ/

136
Q

decide

A

/dɪˈsaɪd/

137
Q

decline

A

/dɪˈklaɪn/

138
Q

decorate

A

/ˈdekəreɪt/

139
Q

decorative

A

/ˈdekərətɪv/

140
Q

divorce
divorced

A

/dəˈvɔːrs/

141
Q

domestic

A

/dəˈmestɪk/

142
Q

dominate

A

/’dɒməneɪt/

143
Q

doubt

A

/’daʊt/

144
Q

downstairs

A

/daʊnˈsteəz/

145
Q

enjoy

A

/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

146
Q

enough

A

/ɪˈnʌf/

147
Q

inquiry

A

/ɪnˈkwaɪəri $ ɪnˈkwaɪri, ˈɪŋkwəri/

148
Q

ensure

A

/ɪnˈʃʊr/

149
Q

enthusiastic

A

/ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/

150
Q

entitle

A

/ɪnˈtaɪtl/

151
Q

economy
economical

A

/ɪˈka:nəmi/
/ˌekəˈna:mɪkəl/

152
Q

equity
equality

A

/ˈekwəti/
/ɪˈkwɒləti/

153
Q

equipment

A

/ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

154
Q

escape

A

/ɪˈskeɪp/

155
Q

essentially

A

/ɪˈsenʃəli/

156
Q

establish

A

/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

157
Q

estate

A

estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ ●●○ AWL noun
1 [singular] law all of someone’s property and money, especially everything that is left after they die
somebody’s estate

158
Q

real estate

A

/’_ es, _/

159
Q

abandon

A

/əˈbændən/

160
Q

abundant

A

/əˈbʌndənt/

161
Q

excite

A

/ɪkˈsaɪt/

162
Q

excuse

A

/ɪkˈskjuːz/

163
Q

exercise

A

/ˈeksərsaɪz/

164
Q

execute

A

ex‧e‧cute /ˈeksəkjuːt/

1 KILL SOMEBODY to kill someone, especially legally as a punishment
execute somebody for something
Thousands have been executed for political crimes.
13 people were summarily executed (=killed without any trial or legal process) by the guerrillas.
► see thesaurus at kill
2 DO SOMETHING formal to do something that has been carefully planned SYN implement
The job involves drawing up and executing a plan of nursing care.
3 PERFORM AN ACTION formal to perform a difficult action or movement
beautifully/skilfully/poorly etc executed
The skaters’ routine was perfectly executed.

165
Q

executive

A

ex‧ec‧u‧tive /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ ●●○ W3 noun [countable]
1 a manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions

166
Q

isle

A

isle /aɪl/ noun [countable]
a word for an island, used in poetry or in names of islands

167
Q

dreary

A

drear‧y /ˈdrɪəri $ ˈdriri/ (also drear /drɪə $ drɪr/ literary) adjective
dull and making you feel sad or bored

168
Q

discerning

A

di‧scern‧ing /dɪˈsɜːnɪŋ $ -ɜːr-/ adjective
showing the ability to make good judgments, especially about art, music, style etc SYN discriminating
an ideal tour for the discerning traveller
the discerning eye/ear (=someone who can make good judgments about art or music)

169
Q

derive

A

de‧rive /dɪˈraɪv/ ●●○ W3 AWL verb
1 [transitive] to get something, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from something
derive something from something
Medically, we will derive great benefit from this technique.
derive pleasure/enjoyment etc
Many students derived enormous satisfaction from the course.
2 (also be derived) [intransitive, transitive] to develop or come from something else → derivation
derive from
This word is derived from Latin.
patterns of behaviour that derive from basic beliefs

170
Q

deserve

A

de‧serve /dɪˈzɜːv $ -ɜːrv/ ●●● S3 W3 verb [transitive]
1 to have earned something by good or bad actions or behaviour
What have I done to deserve this?
deserve to do something
We didn’t deserve to win.
richly/fully/thoroughly etc deserve something
the success he so richly deserves
I’m sorry for the kids. They deserve better (=deserve to be treated in a better way).
deserve a rest/break/holiday etc
People who are sent to prison for drunk-driving get what they deserve.
GRAMMAR: Using the progressive
Deserve is not used in the progressive. You say:
She deserves a prize.

171
Q

despite

A

de‧spite /dɪˈspaɪt/ ●●● S3 W1 AWL preposition
1 used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it SYN in spite of
Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.
despite the fact (that)
She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.
2 → despite yourself
GRAMMAR: Patterns with despite
* You say despite doing something:
He won despite being injured.
* You say despite the fact that:
He won despite the fact that he was injured.
✗Don’t say: He won despite he was injured.
* Don’t confuse despite and in spite of. ✗Don’t say: despite of

172
Q

determination

A

de‧ter‧mi‧na‧tion /dɪˌtɜːməˈneɪʃən

173
Q

determined

A

de‧ter‧mined /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/

174
Q

devote
devoted

A

de‧vot‧ed /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/ ●●○ AWL adjective
1 giving someone or something a lot of love and attention
a devoted father
devoted to
Isabella was devoted to her brother.

175
Q

direct
direction

A

/daɪ’~/

176
Q

disable

A

dis‧a‧ble /dɪsˈeɪbəl/

177
Q

disadvantage

A

/ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/

178
Q

disagree

A

/ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/

179
Q

disappear

A

/ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/

180
Q

disappoint
disappointed
disappointment

A

/dɪsəˈpɔɪnt/

181
Q

disapproval

A

/ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl/

182
Q

disaster

A

/dɪˈzæstər/

183
Q

discipline

A

/ˈdɪsɪplɪn/

184
Q

discover
discovery

A

/dɪsˈkʌvər/

185
Q

discuss
discussion

A

di‧scuss /dɪˈskʌs/

186
Q

disgust
disgusted
disgusting

A

/dɪsˈɡʌst/

187
Q

disguise

A

dis‧guise1 /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

188
Q

dishonest

A

/dɪsˈa:nɪst/

189
Q

dislike

A

/dɪsˈlaɪk/

190
Q

dismay

A

dis‧may1 /dɪsˈmeɪ/
the worry, disappointment, or unhappiness you feel when something unpleasant happens
with/in dismay
They stared at each other in dismay.
to somebody’s dismay
I found to my dismay that I had left my notes behind.
The thought of leaving filled him with dismay.

191
Q

dismal

A

dis‧mal /ˈdɪzməl/ ●○○ adjective
1 if a situation or a place is dismal, it is so bad that it makes you feel very unhappy and hopeless
The future looks pretty dismal right now.
a dismal, grey afternoon
2 bad and unsuccessful
The team’s record so far is pretty dismal.
Her scheme was a dismal failure.
—dismally adverb

192
Q

cosplay

A

/ˈkɑːz.pleɪ/
costume play

193
Q

dissolve

A

/dɪˈzɑːlv/

194
Q

distinguish

A

/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

195
Q

distribute

A

/dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/

196
Q

disturb

A

/dɪˈstɜːrb/

197
Q

divide

A

di‧vide1 /dəˈvaɪd/

198
Q

diva

A

di‧va /ˈdiːvə/ noun [countable]
1 a very successful and famous female singer
opera diva Jessye Norman
2 a famous or important woman who behaves badly or gets angry when people do not give her the attention or treatment she thinks she deserves
She’s such a diva - she walked out of the interview because she thought the interviewer was rude. = Karen

199
Q

divine

A

di‧vine1 /dəˈvaɪn/ ●●○ adjective
1 coming from or relating to God or a god
divine intervention/providence/revelation/guidance etc
faith in divine providence
divine power
divine love

200
Q

divorce

A

di‧vorce1 /dəˈvɔːs $ -ɔːrs/

201
Q

dominate

A

/’da:məneɪt/

202
Q

pet peeve

A

something that especially annoys you:
Weak coffee is one of my pet peeves.

203
Q

deficiency

A

de‧fi‧cien‧cy /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ ●○○ noun (plural deficiencies) [countable, uncountable] formal
1 a lack of something that is necessary SYN shortage
deficiency of
a deficiency of safe play areas for children
iron/vitamin etc deficiency
Some elderly people suffer from iron deficiency in their diet.
2 a weakness or fault in something
deficiency in
There are deep deficiencies in this law.

204
Q

tenet

A

ten‧et /ˈtenɪt/ noun [countable]
a principle or belief, especially one that is part of a larger system of beliefs
central/basic/fundamental etc tenet
one of the basic tenets of democracy
tenet of
the main tenet of his philosophy

205
Q

deprive

A

de‧prive /dɪˈpraɪv/ ●○○ verb
→ deprive somebody of something

206
Q

eccentric

A

ec‧cen‧tric1 /ɪkˈsentrɪk/ ●○○ adjective
1 behaving in a way that is unusual and different from most people
His eccentric behaviour lost him his job.
Aunt Nessy was always a bit eccentric.
► see thesaurus at strange, unusual
2 technical eccentric circles do not have the same centre point → concentric
—eccentrically /-kli/ adverb

207
Q

extend v
extent n

A

ex‧tend /ɪkˈstend/ ●●○ S3 W2 verb
1 TIME [intransitive + adverb/preposition, transitive] to continue for a longer period of time, or to make something last longer
Management have agreed to extend the deadline.
extend for/into/over etc
Some of our courses extend over two years.
extend something for/by/until something
The government has extended the ban on the import of beef until June.
► see thesaurus at increase

ex‧tent /ɪkˈstent/ ●●● S2 W1 noun
1 → to … extent
2 [uncountable] how large, important, or serious something is, especially something such as a problem or injury
extent of
Considering the extent of his injuries, he’s lucky to be alive.
It’s too early to assess the full extent of the damage.
3 [uncountable] the length or size of something
They opened out the nets to their full extent.
in extent
The region is over 10,000 square kilometres in extent

208
Q

facility

A

/fəˈsɪləti/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun (plural facilities

209
Q

faucet

A

fau‧cet /ˈfɒːsɪt/ ●●○ noun [countable] American English
SYN tap British English

210
Q

festivity

A

fes‧tiv‧i‧ty /feˈstɪvəti/ noun
1 → festivities
2 [uncountable] a happy feeling that exists when people celebrate something
There was an air of festivity in the village.

Carnivals are about excitement and festivity.

211
Q

delicacy

A

del‧i‧ca‧cy /ˈdelɪkəsi/ noun (plural delicacies)
1 [countable] something good to eat that is expensive or rare
Snails are considered a delicacy in France.
► see thesaurus at food
2 [uncountable] a careful and sensitive way of speaking or behaving so that you do not upset anyone SYN tact
He carried out his duties with great delicacy and understanding.
3 [uncountable] the quality of being easy to harm or damage

212
Q

finance

A

fi‧nance1 /ˈfaɪnæns, fəˈnæns $ fəˈnæns, ˈfaɪnæns/

213
Q

flour = flower

A

flow‧er /ˈflaʊər/
flour /flaʊr/

214
Q

6-foot tall / 6 feet tall

A

-

215
Q

forgive

A

/fərˈɡɪv/

216
Q

fundamental

A

fun‧da‧men‧tal /ˌfʌndəˈmentl

217
Q

genuine

A

gen‧u‧ine /ˈdʒenjuən/ ●●○ S3 W3 adjective
1 a genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel SYN sincere
genuine interest/concern/desire etc
The reforms are motivated by a genuine concern for the disabled.
a genuine fear of invasion
‘Did he really?’ Her surprise seemed genuine.
2 something genuine really is what it seems to be SYN real
We need laws that will protect genuine refugees.
The strap is genuine leather.

218
Q

genius

A

ge‧ni‧us /ˈdʒiːniəs/ ●●○ noun
1 [uncountable] a very high level of intelligence, mental skill, or ability, which only a few people have

219
Q

gram

A

gramme (BrE)

220
Q

hesitate

A

hes‧i‧tate /ˈhezɪteɪt/

221
Q

hysteria

A

hys‧te‧ri‧a /hɪˈsteriə/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]
1 extreme excitement that makes people cry, laugh, shout etc in a way that is out of control
In a fit of hysteria, Silvia blamed me for causing her father’s death.
2 a situation in which a lot of people feel fear, anger, or excitement, which makes them behave in an unreasonable way
Since the general’s death, the population has been gripped by mass hysteria.
3 medical a medical condition that upsets someone’s emotions and makes them suddenly feel very nervous, excited, anxious etc

222
Q

honest / honor / honestly

A

hon‧est /ˈɑːnɪst/

223
Q

horizon
horizontal

A

ho‧ri‧zon /həˈraɪzən/
/hɑːrəˈzɑːntl/
ver‧ti‧cal /ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/

224
Q

hierarchy
hierarchical

A

hier‧ar‧chy /ˈhaɪrɑːrki/
hier‧ar‧chi‧cal /haɪˈrɑːkɪkəl/

225
Q

fury

A

/ˈfjʊri/
1 [uncountable] extreme, often uncontrolled anger SYN rage
I was shaking with fury.

226
Q

bliss

A

bliss /blɪs/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]
perfect happiness or enjoyment
domestic/wedded/marital bliss
six months of wedded bliss
I didn’t have to get up till 11 – it was sheer bliss.

227
Q

dejection
dejected

A

de‧jec‧ted /dɪˈdʒektɪd/ adjective
unhappy, disappointed, or sad
The unemployed stood at street corners, dejected.
► see thesaurus at sad
—dejectedly adverb
—dejection /dɪˈdʒekʃən/ noun [uncountable]

228
Q

incredulity

A

in‧cre‧du‧li‧ty /ˌɪnkrəˈduːləti/ noun [uncountable]
a feeling that you cannot believe something SYN disbelief
When she told her family she was gay, they reacted with a mixture of shock and incredulity.

229
Q

apathy

A

ap‧a‧thy /ˈæpəθi/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]
the feeling of not being interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things
The campaign failed because of public apathy.
Examples from the Corpus
apathy
* I have heard therapists say matter-of-factly that in old people, withdrawal, depression, and apathy are normal.

disinterest

230
Q

tedium

A

te‧di‧um /ˈtiːdiəm/ noun [uncountable]
the feeling of being bored because the things you are doing are not interesting and continue for a long time without changing SYN boredom
We sang while we worked, to relieve the tedium.
tedium of
the tedium of everyday life

tedious

231
Q

revulsion

A

re‧vul‧sion /rɪˈvʌlʃən/ noun [uncountable]
a strong feeling of shock and very strong dislike SYN disgust, → revolt
News of the atrocities produced a wave of anger and revulsion.
Examples from the Corpus
revulsion
* I was overwhelmed by grief and revulsion such as I had never known before.
* A little boy had died and, as a mother, I felt horror and revulsion.

232
Q

choreograph

A

chor‧e‧og‧raph /ˈkɔːriəɡræf/ verb [transitive]
to arrange how dancers should move during a performance
The show is very cleverly choreographed.

233
Q

intruded

A

in‧trude /ɪnˈtruːd/ ●○○ verb [intransitive]
1 to interrupt someone or become involved in their private affairs, in an annoying and unwanted way
Would I be intruding if I came with you?
intrude into/on/upon
Employers should not intrude into the private lives of their employees.

234
Q

invade

A

in‧vade /ɪnˈveɪd/ ●●○ verb
1 [intransitive, transitive] to enter a country, town, or area using military force, in order to take control of it
The Romans invaded Britain 2,000 years ago.
► see thesaurus at attack
2 [transitive] to go into a place in large numbers, especially when you are not wanted
Every summer, the town is invaded by tourists.
Fans invaded the pitch at half time.

235
Q

unapologetic

A

un‧a‧pol‧o‧get‧ic /ˌʌnəpɑ:ləˈdʒetɪk/ adjective
not feeling or saying you are sorry for something you have done, especially when other people would expect you to feel or say sorry
unapologetic about
He is entirely unapologetic about the violence in his movies.

236
Q

irreplaceable

A

ir‧re‧place‧a‧ble /ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbəl◂/ adjective
too special, valuable, or unusual to be replaced by anything else
Works of art were lost, many of them irreplaceable.
► see thesaurus at valuable

237
Q

inexhaustible

A

in‧ex‧haus‧ti‧ble /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl◂ $ -ˈzɒːs-/ adjective
something that is inexhaustible exists in such large amounts that it can never be finished or used up
She has an inexhaustible supply of funny stories.
a man of inexhaustible energy

238
Q

unassertive

A

-

239
Q

unconscious

A

unconsciousness
(the spelling)

240
Q

instantaneous

A

in‧stan‧ta‧ne‧ous /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs◂/ adjective
happening immediately
modern methods of instantaneous communication
—instantaneously adverb

241
Q

spontaneous

A

spon‧ta‧ne‧ous /spɑːnˈteɪniəs / ●○○ adjective
1 something that is spontaneous has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself, or because you suddenly feel you want to do it
The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer.
My spontaneous reaction was to run away.
2 someone who is spontaneous does things without planning them first – used to show approval
—spontaneously adverb
She laughed spontaneously.
—spontaneity /ˌspɒntˈniːəti, -ˈneɪəti $ ˌspɑːn-/ noun [uncountable]

242
Q

unceasingly

A

un‧ceas‧ing /ʌnˈsiːsɪŋ/ adjective
never stopping
his unceasing efforts to help the poor
—unceasingly adverb

243
Q

upturn

A

up‧turn /ˈʌptɜːn $ -tɜːrn/ noun [countable]
an increase in the level of something, especially in business activity OPP downturn
upturn in
an upturn in the housing market
an economic upturn

244
Q

jeopardize

jeopardy

A

jeop‧ar‧dize (also jeopardise British English) /ˈdʒepərdaɪz $ -ər-/ verb [transitive]
to risk losing or spoiling something important
large-scale military offensives which could jeopardize the UN peace process

245
Q

sabotage

A

self sabotage

sab‧o‧tage1 /ˈsæbətɑːʒ/ verb [transitive]
1 to secretly damage or destroy equipment, vehicles etc that belong to an enemy or opponent, so that they cannot be used

246
Q

pliers

A

pli‧ers /ˈplaɪərz/ noun [plural]
Image of pliersa small tool made of two crossed pieces of metal, used to hold small things or to bend and cut wire
a pair of pliers

247
Q

rhinoceros

A

rhi‧no‧ce‧ros /raɪˈnɒsərəs $ -ˈnɑː-/ noun (plural rhinoceros or rhinoceroses) [countable]
Image of rhinocerosa large heavy African or Asian animal with thick skin and either one or two horns on its nose → hippopotamus

248
Q

comb

A

comb1 /koʊm/ ●●● S3 noun
1 Image of comb[countable] a flat piece of plastic, metal etc with a row of thin teeth on one side, used for making your hair tidy → brush
2 [countable] a small flat piece of plastic, metal etc with a row of thin teeth on one side, used for keeping your hair back or for decoration
3 [singular] if you give your hair a comb, you make it tidy using a comb
Your hair needs a good comb.
4 [countable] the red piece of flesh that grows on top of a male chicken’s head

249
Q

linguistics

A

lin‧guis‧tics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]
the study of language in general and of particular languages, their structure, grammar, and history

250
Q

hippopotamus

A

hip‧po‧pot‧a‧mus /ˌhɪpəˈpɒtəməs $ -ˈpɑː-/ noun (plural hippopotamuses or hippopotami /-maɪ-/) [countable]
Image of hippopotamusa large grey African animal with a big head and mouth that lives near water

251
Q

fable

A

fa‧ble /ˈfeɪbəl/ noun
1 [countable] a traditional short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially a story about animals
the fable of the fox and the crow

252
Q

appraisal

A

ap‧prais‧al /əˈpreɪzəl/ ●○○ noun
1 [countable, uncountable] a statement or opinion judging the worth, value, or condition of something
appraisal of
It needed a calmer appraisal of her situation.
a critical appraisal of the existing facilities
2 [countable] a meeting between a manager and a worker to discuss the quality of someone’s work and how well they do their job

253
Q

frightened

A

fright‧ened /ˈfraɪtnd/

254
Q

specialization

A

spe‧cial‧i‧za‧tion (also specialisation British English) /ˌspeʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

255
Q

criterion

A

cri‧te‧ri‧on /kraɪˈtɪəriən $ -ˈtɪr-/

256
Q

malarkey

A

ma‧lar‧key /məˈlɑːki $ -ˈlɑːr-/ noun [uncountable]
informal things which you think are silly or untrue SYN nonsense
I’m not interested in all this scientific malarkey.
You don’t believe in ghosts and all that malarkey, do you?

257
Q

decline

A

de‧cline1 /dɪˈklaɪn/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun [singular, uncountable]
a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something
decline in
There has been a decline in the size of families.
decline of
the decline of manufacturing
rapid/sharp/steep/dramatic decline
a rapid decline in unemployment
steady/gradual/long-term decline
The island’s population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual decline until only 40 people were left.
the economic decline faced by many cities
in decline/on the decline (=falling)
the widely held belief that educational standards are in decline
fall/go etc into decline (=become less important, successful etc)
The port fell into decline in the 1950s.

257
Q

relish

A

rel‧ish1 /ˈrelɪʃ/ ●○○ verb [transitive]
to enjoy an experience or the thought of something that is going to happen
relish the prospect/thought/idea
I don’t relish the thought of you walking home alone.
relish the chance/opportunity
He relishes the chance to play Hamlet.

257
Q

senile

A

se‧nile /ˈsiːnaɪl/ adjective
mentally confused or behaving strangely, because of old age
a senile old man
She worries about going senile.
—senility /sɪˈnɪləti/ noun [uncountable]

258
Q

vocabulary

A

vo‧cab‧u‧la‧ry /voʊˈkæbjəleri/ ●●● S3 noun (plural vocabularies)
1 [countable, uncountable] all the words that someone knows or uses
Teachers were impressed by his vocabulary.
2 [countable] all the words in a particular language
English has the largest vocabulary of any language.
3 [countable, uncountable] the words that are typically used when talking about a particular subject
Most technical jobs use a specialized vocabulary.
vocabulary of
the vocabulary of politics
4 [countable, uncountable] the range of possible features, effects, actions etc, especially in a type of music or art
vocabulary of
Charlie Parker expanded the vocabulary of jazz.
5 → (the word) failure/guilt/compromise etc is not in somebody’s vocabulary
6 [countable] old-fashioned a list of words with explanations of their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language

259
Q

word

A

word1 /wɜːrd/ ●●● S1 W1 noun
1 GROUP OF LETTERS [countable] a single group of letters that are used together with a particular meaning
Write an essay of about five hundred words.
What does that word mean?
‘Vater’ is the German word for (=that means) ‘father’.
Perhaps ‘lucky’ is not exactly the right word.

260
Q

savor

A

sa‧vour1 British English, savor American English /ˈseɪvər / verb [transitive]
1 to fully enjoy the taste or smell of something
She sipped her wine, savouring every drop.
2 to fully enjoy a time or experience
She savoured her few hours of freedom.
He hesitated, savouring the moment.

261
Q

incredulous

A

in‧cred‧u‧lous /ɪnˈkredʒələs/ adjective
unable or unwilling to believe something
‘You sold the car?’ she asked, incredulous.
incredulous look/expression/voice etc
She shot him an incredulous look.

262
Q

cavern

A

cav‧ern /ˈkævən $ -ərn/ noun [countable]
a large cave

263
Q

charlatan

A

char‧la‧tan /ˈʃɑːlətən $ ˈʃɑːr-/ noun [countable] literary
someone who pretends to have special skills or knowledge – used to show disapproval

264
Q

nonchalant

A

non‧cha‧lant /ˈnɒnʃələnt $ ˌnɑːnʃəˈlɑːnt/ adjective
behaving calmly and not seeming interested in anything or worried about anything
‘Has he got a girlfriend?’ Jill asked, trying to sound nonchalant.
—nonchalance noun [uncountable]
—nonchalantly adverb
He smiled nonchalantly.

265
Q

dynasty

A

dyn‧a‧sty /ˈdaɪnəsti / ●○○ noun (plural dynasties) [countable]
1 a family of kings or other rulers whose parents, grandparents etc have ruled the country for many years
The Habsburg dynasty ruled in Austria from 1278 to 1918.
2 a period of time when a particular family ruled a country or area
3 informal a group or family that controls a particular business or organization for a long time
the Rothschild banking dynasty

266
Q

luscious

A

lus‧cious /ˈlʌʃəs/ adjective
1 extremely good to eat or drink
a luscious and fragrant dessert wine
2 informal very sexually attractive
her luscious body

267
Q

exquisite

A

ex‧qui‧site /ɪkˈskwɪzət, ˈekskwɪ-/ ●○○ adjective
1 extremely beautiful and very delicately made
the most exquisite craftsmanship
► see thesaurus at beautiful
2 very sensitive and delicate in the way you behave or do things
She has exquisite taste in art.
3 literary exquisite pain or pleasure is felt very strongly
—exquisitely adverb
—exquisiteness noun [uncountable]

268
Q

appetizing

A

ap‧pe‧tiz‧ing (also appetising British English) /ˈæpətaɪzɪŋ/ ●○○ adjective
food that is appetizing smells or looks very good, making you want to eat it OPP unappetizing
an appetizing aroma
The food wasn’t particularly appetizing.

/ˈæpətaɪzə /

269
Q

fibrous

A

fi‧brous /ˈfaɪbrəs/ adjective
consisting of many fibres or looking like fibres
The coconut has a fibrous outer covering.

270
Q

sensuous

A

sen‧su‧ous /ˈsenʃuəs/ adjective
1 pleasing to your senses
the sensuous feeling of silk on her skin
sensuous music
2 literary attractive in a sexual way
full sensuous lips
a beautiful and sensuous young woman
—sensuously adverb
—sensuousness noun [uncountable]

271
Q

wilt

A

wilt1 /wɪlt/ verb [intransitive]
1 if a plant wilts, it bends over because it is too dry or old → droop
2 informal to feel weak or tired, especially because you are too hot

272
Q

patio

A

pat‧i‧o /ˈpætiəʊ $ -oʊ/ noun (plural patios) [countable]
a flat hard area near a house, where people sit outside

273
Q

porch

A

porch /pɔːtʃ $ pɔːrtʃ/ ●●● S3 noun [countable]
1 British English an entrance covered by a roof outside the front door of a house or church
2 American English a structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls

274
Q

astringent

A

as‧trin‧gent1 /əˈstrɪndʒənt/ adjective
1 an astringent liquid is able to make your skin less oily or stop a wound from bleeding
2 criticizing someone very severely
astringent remarks
3 having a sharp acid taste
—astringency noun [uncountable]
Examples from the Corpus
astringent
* One could have too much of loneliness and isolation, and Jenny was good company; cheerful and amusingly astringent.
* There was still no wind, stars were out, and the air now was cold and astringent.
* Until Hachiyas are ripe, they are shockingly astringent.
* It felt cool and astringent but the bugs kept biting.
* The style is emotive but the intellectual understanding informing it has an astringent clarity which is very moving.
* Though I hardly drink at all, I admit to loving that astringent cold perfume of vodka every now and then.

Related topics: Hair & beauty, Hospital
astringent2 noun [countable, uncountable] technical
a liquid used to make your skin less oily or to stop a wound from bleeding

275
Q

leash

A

leash1 /liːʃ/ ●○○ noun [countable] especially American English
1 a piece of rope, leather etc fastened to a dog’s collar in order to control it SYN lead British English
on/off a leash
At her side on a leash trotted a small grey dog.
Never leave your dog off the leash outside a store.

276
Q

lynch

A

lynch /lɪntʃ/ verb [transitive]
if a crowd of people lynches someone, they kill them, especially by hanging them, without a trial
—lynching noun [countable]

277
Q

persimmon / hachiya

A

per‧sim‧mon /pəˈsɪmən $ pər-/ noun [countable]
Image of persimmona soft orange-coloured fruit that grows in hot countries

278
Q

laden

A

la‧den /ˈleɪdn/ adjective
1 literary heavily loaded with something, or containing a lot of something
laden with
The tables were laden with food.
fully/heavily laden
The lorry was fully laden.
snow-laden branches
2 having a lot of a particular quality, thing etc
laden with
She was laden with doubts about the affair.
trucks laden with equipment
a debt-laden company

279
Q

steady

A

/ˈstedi/

280
Q

seize

A

Seize /siːz/ ●●○ W3 verb [transitive]
1 to take hold of something suddenly and violently SYN grab
Suddenly, he seized my hand.
seize something from somebody
Maggie seized the letter from her.

281
Q

lagoon

A

la‧goon /ləˈɡuːn/ noun [countable]
1 a lake of sea water that is partly separated from the sea by rocks, sand, or coral
a coastal lagoon
2 American English a small lake which is not very deep, near a larger lake or river

282
Q

concurrently

A

con‧cur‧rent /kənˈkʌrənt $ -ˈkɜːr-/ AWL adjective
1 existing or happening at the same time
The exhibition reflected concurrent developments abroad.
2 formal in agreement
concurrent with
My opinions are concurrent with yours.
—concurrently adverb
Because his prison sentences run concurrently, he could be free in two years.

283
Q

personify

A

per‧son‧i‧fy /pərˈsɑːnɪfaɪ/ verb (personified, personifying, personifies) [transitive]
1 to have a lot of a particular quality or be a typical example of something
Carter personifies the values of self-reliance and hard work.
kindness/generosity etc personified
Bertha was kindness personified.
2 to think of or represent a quality or thing as a person
personify something as somebody
Time is often personified as an old man.

284
Q

presumptuous

A

pre‧sump‧tu‧ous /prɪˈzʌmptʃuəs/ adjective formal
doing something that you have no right to do and that seems rude
is it presumptuous (of somebody) to do something
Would it be presumptuous of me to ask why you are so miserable?
—presumptuously adverb
—presumptuousness noun [uncountable]

285
Q

presume

A

pre‧sume /prɪˈzuːm/ ●●○ S3 AWL verb
1 [transitive] to think that something is true, although you are not certain SYN assume
Each of you will make a speech, I presume?
‘Are his parents still alive?’ ‘I presume so.’
presume that
I presume we’ll be there by six o’clock.
presume somebody/something to be somebody/something
From the way he talked, I presumed him to be your boss.
be presumed to do something
The temple is presumed to date from the first century BC.
2 [transitive] to accept something as true until it is shown to not be true, especially in law SYN assume
We must presume innocence until we have evidence of guilt.
be presumed dead/innocent etc
Their nephew was missing, presumed dead.
3 [intransitive] formal to behave without respect or politeness by doing something that you have no right to do
presume to do something
I would never presume to tell you what to do.
4 [transitive usually in present tense] formal to accept something as being true and base something else on it SYN presuppose
The Ancient History course presumes some knowledge of Greek.
presume that
I presume that someone will be there to meet us when we arrive.
5 → presume on/upon somebody’s friendship/generosity etc
→ See Verb table

286
Q

Sequel

A

se‧quel /ˈsiːkwəl/ ●○○ noun
1 [countable] a book, film, play etc that continues the story of an earlier one, usually written or made by the same person → prequel
‘Star Wars’ and its sequels
sequel to
She’s writing a sequel to her first novel.
2 [countable usually singular] an event that happens as a result of something that happened before

287
Q

phenomenon

A

phe‧nom‧e‧non /fɪˈnɒmənən $ fɪˈnɑːmənɑːn, -nən/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun (plural phenomena /-nə/) [countable]
1 something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand
phenomenon of
the growing phenomenon of telecommuting
Homelessness is not a new phenomenon.
natural/historical/social etc phenomenon
Language is a social and cultural phenomenon.
► see thesaurus at event
2 something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality or ability that they have

288
Q

phenomenal

A

phe‧nom‧e‧nal /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl $ -ˈnɑː-/ ●○○ AWL adjective
very great or impressive
the phenomenal success of computer games in recent years
phenomenal growth/rise/increase
California had experienced a phenomenal growth in population.
He has learned a phenomenal amount in the last two years.
The results have been phenomenal.
—phenomenally adverb
The group have been phenomenally successful in Europe.

289
Q

nauseous

A

nau‧se‧ous /ˈnɔːziəs, -siəs $ -ˈnɒːziəs, -ʃəs/ adjective
1 especially American English feeling that you are going to vomit SYN sick
I felt slightly nauseous.
The taste made me nauseous.
2 formal making you feel that you are going to vomit
a nauseous smell

290
Q

converge

A

con‧verge /kənˈvɜːdʒ $ -ˈvɜːrdʒ/ ●○○ verb [intransitive]
1 to come from different directions and meet at the same point to become one thing OPP diverge
The two rivers converge into one near Pittsburgh.
2 if groups of people converge in a particular place, they come there from many different places and meet together to form a large crowd
converge on
Reporters converged on the scene.
3 if different ideas or aims converge, they become the same OPP diverge
Cultural beliefs about the role of women converge with government policies.
—convergent adjective
The member states should start to have more convergent policies.

291
Q

Squeak

A

squeak1 /skwiːk/ ●●○ verb
1 [intransitive] to make a short high noise or cry that is not loud
A rat squeaked and ran into the bushes.
The door squeaked open.
2 [intransitive, transitive] to say something in a very high voice, especially because you are nervous or excited
‘Too late!’ she squeaked.
3 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] informal to succeed, win, or pass a test by a very small amount so that you only just avoid failure SYN scrape
squeak through/by/past/in
She just squeaked through her math test.

292
Q

champion

A

cham‧pi‧on1 /ˈtʃæmpiən/ ●●● W3 noun [countable]

reigning/defending champion (=the champion at the present time)

champion2 ●○○ verb [transitive] written
to publicly fight for and defend an aim or principle, such as the rights of a group of people
She championed the cause of religious freedom.

293
Q

reign

A

reign1 /reɪn/ ●○○ noun [countable]
1 the period when someone is king, queen, or emperor
reign of
changes that took place during Charlemagne’s reign
the reign of James I
2 the period when someone is in charge of an organization, team etc
during his reign at the Education Department
3 a period during which something is the most powerful or most important feature of a place
reign of
the reign of Stalinism in Russia

My words practice - Pronunciation (3 decks)

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