What's in a medicine(WM)

Question 1

What is the general formula of an alcohol?

Answer 1

CnH2n+1OH

Question 2

How can you classify alcohols?

Answer 2

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Question 3

What is the classification of alcohols based on?

Answer 3

How many carbons are bonded to the carbon which has the hydroxyl group attached

Question 4

What is the strongest imb formed in alcohols?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonding

Question 5

What does hydrogen bonds cause alchohols to be?

Answer 5

Liquid at room temperature and less volatile than alkanes/alkenes of a similar length

Question 6

What happnes as an alcohol’s carbon chain increases?

Answer 6

Melting and boiling points increase
Less polar=less soluble

Question 7

Why are smaller alcohols soluble in water?

Answer 7

The polar O-H bond

Question 8

What is the functional group of a ketone?

Answer 8

C=O

Question 9

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Answer 9

C=O

Question 10

What’s the difference between a ketone and an aldehyde?

Answer 10

Location of the C=O bond
aldehyde- 1st carbon
ketone-any carbon which has two other carbons attached

Question 11

What is the general formula of a ketone and aldehyde?

Answer 11

CnH2nO

Question 12

What is the general formula of a carboxylic acis?

Answer 12

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 13

What imbs can be found in ketones and alddehydes?

Answer 13

ID-ID and PD-PD

Question 14

Why are small carbonyl compounds soluble in water?

Answer 14

Contain a polar carbonyl group which can form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 15

What happens to solubility as carbon chain length increases?

Answer 15

Decreases

Question 16

Why are carboxylic acids more soluble in water than aldehydes and ketones?

Answer 16

The hydroxyl group is also able to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

Question 17

What is the test for phenol?

Answer 17

Iron(III) chloride-turns purple if a phenol is present

Question 18

What is classified as an addition reaction?

Answer 18

When atoms are added to a compound containing a double or triple bond

Question 19

What is the general formula for acid anhydrides?

Answer 19

(RCO)2O

Question 20

What is the general formula for esters?

Answer 20

RCOOR’

Question 21

What is the general formula for ethers?

Answer 21

ROR’

Question 22

What is used to oxidise primary and secondary alcohols?

Answer 22

Acidified potassium dichromate

Question 23

What is the colour change when dichromate(VI) is reudced to chromium(III) ion?

Answer 23

Orange to green

Question 24

Two options

What is produced when a primary alcohol is oxidised?

Answer 24

1. Aldehyde
2. Carboxylic acid

Question 25

How do you ensure an aldehyde is produced from a primary alcohol and not a carboxylic acid?

Answer 25

Distillation

Question 26

How do you ensure that a carboxylic acid is produced from a primary alcohol and no an aldehyde?

Answer 26

Heat under reflux

Question 27

What does heating under reflux?

Answer 27

Increasing the temperature of an organic reaction to boiling point, without losing volatile solvents,reactants or products

Question 28

What are the conditions and reagants required to oxidise a secondary alcohol?

Answer 28

* Heat under reflux * Use acidified potasium dichromate

Question 29

What is produced by oxidising a secondary alcohol?

Answer 29

Ketone

Question 30

Why does prolonged refluxing of a secondary alcohol produce anything more than a ketone?

Answer 30

Ketones can't be oxidised easily due to the strong C=O bond

Question 31

How can alkenes be formed from alcohols?

Answer 31

Dehydration reacton This eliminates a molecule of water from the molecule

Question 32

# Two methods What are the conditions and reagants required to dehyrdate alcohols?

Answer 32

1. Ethanol vapour passed over a hot aluminium oxide catalyst 2. Reflux the alcohol with excess conc sulfuric acid at 170°C

Question 33

# Two methods How can alcohols form esters?

Answer 33

1. Heat carboxylic acid with alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst 2. React acid anhydride with alcohol

Question 34

What method is used to seperate substances with different boiling points?

Answer 34

Distillation

Question 35

What method is used to purify organic solids?

Answer 35

Recrystallisation