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Infectious Disease > What Ron says we need to know.... > Flashcards

What Ron says we need to know.... Flashcards

1
Q

When is it indicated to use more than one prophylactic antibiotic in surgury?

A

If the case lasts more than 4 hours

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2
Q

If you have a high MIC do you need more or less drug to kill the organism?

A

High MIC = More drug needed

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3
Q

Infections that require empiric anaerobe coverage

A 
Dental
Aspiration Pneumonia
Intra-abdominal
PID
Gas gangrene
Diabetic foot ulcers
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4
Q

What drugs empirically cover anaerobes?

A 
Carbapenams
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Moxyfloxacin (Avolex)
Metronidiazole (flagyl)
Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)
Amp/Sulb (Unasyn)
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5
Q

What infections need empiric pseudomonas coverage?

A

NOSOCOMIAL - PNA, UTI, Meningitis
Severe diabetic foot ulcer
Puncture would through shoe
Burns

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6
Q

What drugs empirically treat pseudomonas?

A 
Levoquin (Levafloxacin)
Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)
Carbapenams - NOT ERTAPENAM
Cefepime (Maxipime)
Cipro
Ceftazadime (Fortx)
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7
Q

What infections need empirically treated for MRSA?

A

Prulent cellulitis
Post opp wounds
Nosocomial PNA and Meningitis

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8
Q

What drugs empirically treat MRSA?

A 
Doxycyclin
Clindamycin
Bactrim
Linezolid
Vancomycin
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9
Q

What types of infection need to be empirically treated for enterococcus?

A

Intrabdominal/bilary infections
UTI
CLABSI

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10
Q

What drugs empirically treat enterococcus?

A 
Amox/Clauv (Augmentin) 
Amp/Sulb (Unasyn)
Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Cipro
Levaquin
Linezolid
Nitrofurantoin - UTI

and PNC lol

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11
Q

What is the MOA for beta-lactams?

A

bactericidal

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12
Q

What organisms are not covered by cephalosporins?

A

CEPHALOSPORINS HAVE NOT ENTEROCOCCAL COVERAGE

Most anaerobes

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13
Q

What are the first generation cephalosporins(2) and when should they be used?

A

Cefazolin (Ancef)
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Used for MSSA, strep

Sx prophylaxis, non-purulent skin infections

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14
Q

What are the 2nd (3) generation cephalosporins and when should they be used?

A

3rd generation cephalosporins:
ceFOXitin (Mefoxitin)
ceFUR-OXime (Ceftin)
ceFAClor (Ceclor)

Gram negative and some anaerobes
Used for surgical prophylaxis and URI

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15
Q

What are the third generation (3) cephalosporins and when should they be used?

A

3rd Generation cephalosporins:
cefTRIAXone - Rocephin
cefeTAZidime -Fortaz
cefDINIR -Omnicef

empiric UTI, PNA, Meningitis

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16
Q

What is the one 4th generation cephalosporin that we need to know and what is it indicated for?

A

Cefepime

+, - and PSUEDOMONAS

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17
Q

What is the one 5th generation drug we need to know and what is it indicated for

A

Ceftaroline - Teflaro

ONLY CEPH THAT COVERS MRSA

18
Q

What is special about coverage with carbapenams and what is a CI/ADR?

A

Carbapenams have the broadest coverage +, -, ESBL and anaerobes

increased SZ risk

19
Q

What is the monobactam drug and what microorganisms does it cover?

A

Monobactam = aztreonam

Covers ONLY GRAM (pseudomonas)

20
Q

What are the commonly used fluroquinolones?

A

Levofloxacin - Levaquin
Moxyfloxacin
Cipro

21
Q

What organisms are covered by fluroqunolones?

A

Atypicals - mycoplasma

22
Q

When can fluroquinolones such as Levofloxacin and CIprofloxacin be used as monotherapy?

A

Complicated UTI
Prostatitis
CAP

23
Q

What is the BBW for fluroquinolones?

A

Tendone rupture, myasthenia gravis pts, C. DIFF

24
Q

What are the macrolides? (3)

A

Erythromycin
Azythromycin- Zithromax
Clarithromycin- Biaxin

25
Q

What drug can be used for MAC?

A

Clarithromycin - Biaxin (in CLAR skies BI(axin)RDS fly)

26
Q

When are macrolides used?

A

DOC for atypical such as chlamidia, mycoplasma and legionella

atypicals and empiric PNA

27
Q

What are ADR with macrolides?

A

QT prolongation, increased LFT, potentiates warfarin

28
Q

What are the commonly used aminioglycosides? When are they most commonly used?

A

Gentamycin
Tobramycin

Used for endocarditis and nosocomial infections

29
Q

What is the MOA for aminoglycosides?

A

bactericidal, concentration dependent killing and a post antibiotic effect

30
Q

What are toxicities associated with ahminoglycosides and how are they limited?

A

oto and nepho toxicity

Limited by monitoring peak and trough levels

31
Q

What tetracyclines are most commonly used?

A

Minocycline - Minocin
Doxycyclin - Adoxa
Tetracyclin-`

32
Q

When should tetracyclines be used?

A 
For unusual such as Lyme disease, rickettsiae, tularemia
Doxy covers MRSA
COPD 
CAP
Acne

NOT IN UTI

33
Q

What are the ADR with tetracyclines?

A

Teeth staining

photosensitivity

34
Q

When should bactrim be used?

A

MRSA
uncomplicated UTI
PCP prophylaxis

35
Q

What are the serious drug reactions associated with bactrim?

A

hyperK
SJS
potentiates warfarin

36
Q

What microbes are covered with clindamycin?

A

anaerobes ABOVE DIAPRAGM

MRSA - do not use if resistant to emycin

37
Q

What are ADRs with clindamycin?

A

C DIFF

38
Q

What microbes are covered my metronidazole/flagyl?

A

anaerobes below diaphragm
protozoans
C-DIFF

39
Q

What are the ARDS associated with metronidazole?

A

Metallic taste
Neuropathy
Warfarin interaction
Rxn with EtOH

40
Q

What organisms are covered by nitrofurantoin and when is nitrofurantoin used?

A

nitrofurantoin - gram negatives

UNCOMPLICATED UTI

41
Q

When is linezolid used? Ci?

A

MRSA/VRE

do not use with SSRIs or Myelosuppresed patients

42
Q

When is daptomycin used? CI?

A

MRSA/VRE
can’t use for lung infections

something about muscle damage lol

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

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