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Infectious Disease > HIPSHER Antibiotics Q19-32 > Flashcards

HIPSHER Antibiotics Q19-32 Flashcards

1
Q

List the commonly used fluoroquinolones by trade and generic names

A
  • Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
  • Levafloxacin (Levaquin)
  • Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
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2
Q

What is the MOA for fluoroquinolones?

A

MOA : bacteriacidal
• not as potent as beta-lactams
• CANNOT be used with staph aureus, enterococcus (except with UTI) even if sensitive

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3
Q

Describe the anti-microbial spectrum of fluoroquinalones and the infections they are used for-

A

CAP: levofloxacin or moxifloxacin

Intra-abdominal : moxifloxacin

Complicated UTI and Prostatitis: Levofloxacin & Cipro

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4
Q

What is the BBW for fluoroquinolone?

A

Tendon Rupture

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5
Q

What are the side effects worth noting for fluoroquinolone?

A
  • confusion,
  • hallucinations
  • HA
  • dizziness
  • tendon rupture (BBW)
  • QT prolongation
  • C.diff colitis
  • fluoroquinalones potentiate warfarin
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6
Q

List the commonly used macrolides by trade and generic name

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Azithromycin (Zithromax)
  • Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
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7
Q

MOA of macrolides and typical use of macrolides?

A

• bacteriostatic

o atypical CAP- combine with better strep pneumoniae coverage for empiric CAP coverage,
o chlamydia
o urethritis,
o MAC

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8
Q

What are ADR associated with macrolides?

A
  • QT prolongation,
  • increased LFT,
  • potentiates warfarin [erythro and clarithro only]
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9
Q

List the commonly used aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin

Tobramycin

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10
Q

MOA for ahminoglycosides?

A

Bactericidal - concentration dependent killing

• post-antibiotic effect - even when the drug is gone the bacteria is still stunned

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11
Q

What are the 2 indications for ahminoglycosides?

A

enterococcal endocarditis, nosocomial infections

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12
Q

What are the toxicity risks with ahminoglycosides?

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

• toxicity can be limited by obtaining peak and trough levels

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13
Q

List the commonly used tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline
Monocycline
Doxycycline

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14
Q

What is the MOA for tetracycline?

A

Bacteriostatic

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15
Q

When should tetracyclines we used in therapy?

A

cellulitis- covers
MRSA

COPD exacerbations-anti-inflammatory effect

CAP - use doxy

acne)

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16
Q

When should tetracyclines not be used?

A

UTI’s!!!!

17
Q

What are ADR with tetracyclines?

A

Photosensitivity

Teeth staining and reduced bone grows in children and pregnant women

18
Q

What is the MOA of vancomycin?

A

weakly bactericidal and time dependent killing- stay above MIC

19
Q

What organisms are covered by vancomycin

A

staph including MRSA, strep, enterococcus- but use a beta lactam if you have MSSA; oral vancomycin used for C.diff colitis

20
Q

ADRs related to Vancomycin

A

red man syndrome- lengthen infusion, rash, nephrotoxicity- adjust dose based on trough

21
Q

MOA of bactrim?

A

Bacteriostatic

22
Q

Organisms covered by Bactrim?

A

some gram negatives, gram positives including MRSA

23
Q

Which infections do we use bactrim for?

A

use for uncomplicated UTI, purulent cellulitis, PCP prophylaxis

24
Q

ADRs for Bactrim?

A

rash, fever, hyperkalemia, Steven- Johnson syndrome, potentiates warfarin)

25
Q

MOA of clindamycin?

A

bacteriostatic

26
Q

Antimicrobial activity of clindamycin?

A

• Antimicrobial activity:
o anaerobes
o gram positives including MRSA- don’t use if resistant to Emycin

27
Q

What infections should you use clindamycin for?

A

o anaerobic infection above the diaphragm
o cellulitis
o MRSA infx-has anti-inflammatory activity

28
Q

ADRs of clindamycin?

A

C-DIFF!!!!

rash

29
Q

MOA metronidazole?

A

bactericidal

30
Q

What are the organisms that metronidazole covers and in what infections should you use metronidazole?

A 
•	Antimicrobial activity: anaerobes and protoxoans, C.Diff
•	Infections: 
o	anerobic infx below the diaphragm
o	protozoans
o	C-diff
31
Q

what are the ADRs associated with metronidazole?

A

o metallic taste
o neuropathy
o disulfuram reaction w/ EtOH
o potentiates warfarin

32
Q

When should you use nitrofurantoin?

A

Coverage of some gram negatives and with uncomplicated UTIs

33
Q

What is the MOA for Rifampin?

A

• MOA: bactericidal
• Therapy:
o use w/ other abx for synergy in prosthetic joint or surgical hardware infection
o TB

34
Q

Briefly describe the infections for which we use linezolid

A

MRSA and VRE

35
Q

What are precautions for using linezolid?

A

with SSRIs

Myelosuppression

36
Q

With what infections do you use daptomycin?

A

MRSA & VRE

37
Q

When can you not use daptomycin?

A

Lung infections

Muscle Damage

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

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