what must a mc organism do? #8

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 2

tissue

Answer 2

ensemble of similar cells that together carry out a specific function

Question 3

differentiation

Answer 3

cell or tissue specialization

Question 4

adhesion

Answer 4

cells interact and adhere with neighboring cells

Question 5

morphology

Answer 5

form and structure of organisms

Question 6

what are the eukaryotic groups containing complex mc & how many times did they evolved?

Answer 6

green algae/ land plants (several times)
animals (1)
brown algae (1)
fungi (3)
red algae (multiple times)

Question 7

similarities of simple & complex mc

Answer 7

• reproductive & somatic cells
• adhesive molecules to
  maintain unified structure

Question 8

differences of simple mc

Answer 8

• limited signaling & sharing of resources between cells
• usually all cells are in direct contact w/ surrounding environment

Question 9

differences of complex mc

Answer 9

• complex cell differentiation
• organized signaling and
  resource sharing
• tissue differentiating (specialized tissues) * programmed cell death

Question 10

what is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 10

substance more from areas of high concentration/ pressure to low concentration/ pressure

Question 11

how does diffusion place constrains on organism size

Answer 11

if 02 is taken in only simple diffusion - size is limited by ambient p02 is a few mm thick

Question 12

how does simple organism transport oxygen?

Answer 12

simple diffusion

Question 13

how does complex organism transport oxygen

Answer 13

coordinated movements of flagella to move water

Question 14

what are the 2 basic requirements for mc ?

Answer 14

cell adhesion & cell communication

Question 15

cell adhesion

Answer 15

• forms a “unit” out of more than one cell
• formation of coherent & reprovable morphology

Question 16

cell communication

Answer 16

• leading to coordinated activity between cells
• all cells have transmembrane proteins that mediate signals from environment
• complex mc organism also posses microscopic passages across cell walls/ membranes

Question 17

what are the 3 kinds of cell- cell junctions in animals

Answer 17

tight junction - % leakage
gap junction - direct chemical communication
anchoring - adherens (actin filaments) junctions/ desmosomes (intermediate filaments)

Question 18

what is the cell- cell junction in plants

Answer 18

plasmodesma

Question 19

what is a program of development

Answer 19

genetic program with well- defined molecular signaling networks
coordinated across time & space

Question 20

why is it necessary for p.o.d for complex mc

Answer 20

bc plants & animals need

Question 21

4 reasons why eukaryotic cells is important for the evolution of complex mc

Answer 21

• prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome
• much faster than diffusion alone
• opens up possibilities for size, structure , function, development
• 2 processes critical to the development of mc organisms