Eukaryotes emerge #10 Flashcards
Definition of ancestral
found in group & common ancestor
Definition of derived
found in group & not in common ancestor or sister group
Definition of eukaryote
all complex cells
all (complex) multicellular organisms
all plants, animals, fungi
What are the features of eukaryotes?
the eukaryotic cell is basically one interconnected membrane system that functions in a highly Cooperative way
What does the endomembrane system consist of?
- nuclear envelope
- ER
- Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes,
- vesicles
- endosomes
- plasma membrane
What is the symbiogenesis/endosymbiosis hypothesis?
explaining the origin of eukaryotic cell
the evidence that supports the symbiogenesis/endosymbiosis hypothesis?
- own DNA and ribosomes
-more similar to bacteria - the cell cannot create new ones
- binary fission
What are the characteristics of all eukaryotes?
(much) larger than prokaryotes
contain organelles and cytoskeleton (membrane-bound)
DNA in bundles called “chromosomes” and contained within nucleus
contain mitochondria (plastids)
Definition of monophyly (clade)
common ancestor & all living descendants
Definition of paraphyly
common ancestor & some living descendants
Definition of polyphyly
does not include most recent common ancestor
why protists (algae) are fake groups?
does not include plants, animals, fungi
What are the 4 eukaryotic supergroups?
excavate, SAR, archaeplastida, unikonta
Why are the 4 eukaryotic supergroups depicted as a polytomy?
bc we do not know which group diverged first
What are the major groups in Excavates?
diplomonads
parbasalids
euglenozonas
