What is wine & how it is made?

Question 1

Name the MAIN PARTS of a grape and what they contain.

Answer 1

• Skin - Color, tannin

* Pulp - Water, sugar, acid

Question 2

Define “tannin”.

Answer 2

A textural element that makes wine taste dry and/or bitter

Question 3

How do the skins from the grape affect the color of wine?

Answer 3

By soaking the skins in the juice, during fermentation, the skins literally stains the wine.

Question 4

Define “Body”.

Answer 4

A way to categorize wine by intensity level from lightness to richness.

Sense body in wine using the trains of tannin, sweetness, acidity, and alcohol.

Similar to identifying the difference in skim and whole milk.

Question 5

Define “Sweetness”.

Answer 5

Residual sugar, which is un-fermented grape sugars left over in the wine after fermentation has completed.

Question 6

Define “Acidity”.

Answer 6

What gives wine its tart and sour taste. It slows the rate of chemical reactions, which cause wine to go bad.

Question 7

Define “Alcohol”.

Answer 7

Ethanol, which is directly related to the sweetness levels in grapes.

The sweeter the grapes, the higher the potential alcohol.

Question 8

Name the key stages in annual cycle of grape growing and what happens during ripening.

Answer 8

• Flowering

Flowers then become grapes

• Grape ripening: sugar levels rise and acidity lowers in grapes until they are perfectly ripe.

Question 9

Name and define different grape growing climates and state how they can affect the characteristics of grapes.

Answer 9

• Cool Climate: More acidity, which makes it difficult for grapes to ripen. Generally produces tart fruit flavors.
• Warm Climate: Less acidity, which creates more ripe fruit flavors.

Question 10

List 2 elements required for alcoholic fermentation.

Answer 10

Sugar

Yeast

Question 11

List the products of alcoholic fermentation.

Answer 11

Alcohol

Carbon Dioxide

Question 12

Name and correctly order the key stages in the production of still white wine.

Answer 12

• White grape
• Stages:

1. Crushing
2. Pressing
3. Fermentation
4. Maturation
5. Bottling

Question 13

Name and correctly order the key stages in the production of still red wine.

Answer 13

• Black grapes
• Stages:

1. Crushing
2. Fermentation
3. Draining
4. Pressing
5. Maturation
6. Bottling

Question 14

Name and correctly order the key stages in the production of still rosé wine.

Answer 14

• Black grapes
• Stages:

1. Crushing
2. Fermentation
3. Draining after a few hours
4. Maturation
5. Bottling

Question 15

Cool Climates and White Grapes Produce:

Answer 15

Green Fruits and citrus flavors/aromas

Highly Acidic

Question 16

Warm Climates and White Grapes Produce:

Answer 16

Stone Fruits and tropical flavors/aromas

Medium to high Acidic

Question 17

Warm Climates and Black Grapes Produce:

Answer 17

Jammy Red Fruits flavors/aromas

Highly Tannic/ semi acidic to highly acidic