What is Sociology? Flashcards
Define instinct
A fixed, pre-programmed pattern of behaviour shared by all members of a species.
Give three examples of learned behaviour
Language, manners, getting dressed yourself
Define culture
Things that are learned and shared by a society, such as language and beliefs
Define values
General principles or goals that teach what is good and bad
Define Norms
Specific rules used to govern behaviour in particular situations
Give an example of a formal norm
Written Laws
Give an example of an informal norm
Table Manners
What is a positive sanction?
A reward for following established norms
What is a negative sanction?
A punishment for violating norms
What is a subculture?
A group of people within a cultural society (country) that differentiate from the standard values.
An example of a subculture?
Goths, Ku Klux Klan, hippies, and furries
What is socialisation?
The process of learning the cultures of society
What is primary socialisation?
The early period in a person’s life where they initiate learning and develop themselves through experiences and interactions
What is an example of primary socialisation?
Family
What is secondary socialisation?
When people other than family teach children how to behave, and what values they need to have
What is an example of secondary socialisation?
School, work, church, media, peer groups
What is gender role socialisation?
The process of teaching members of society how to behave according to gender expectations or gender roles
How are females taught to act?
Timid, maternal, caring, polite, cooking, cleaning
How are males taught to act?
Bravery, strength, mechanics, money providers
What is an ascribed status?
A status based on fixed characteristics people are born with and cannot change (age, sex, race, ability, ancestry, kinship)
What is achieved status?
A status achieved though our own efforts (university, job promotions)
