What is memory? Flashcards
Lecture 1
What is episodic memory?
Memory of everyday events. (What, where and when?)
What is semantic memory?
The recollection of ideas, concepts and facts. (General knowledge)
Memory involves what 3 things?
encoding, storage and retrieval
Who was the first person to investigate memory scientifically and automatically.
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850- 1909)
What was Hermann Ebbinghaus known for?
He was known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He used nonsense syllables.
What is the Peterson and Petrson’s experiment (1959) ?
Lloyd and Margaret Peterson aimed to test the hypothesis that information which is not rehearsed is lost quickly from short-term memory.
What was Miller 1956 study about?
He said that we can hold seven ‘items’ in short-term memory, plus or minus two. Miller believed that our short-term memory stores ‘chunks’ of information rather than individual numbers or letters.
This memory refers to memory of personal events. This type of memory is highly valued by patients and caregivers, as it contains knowledge about the self and personal identity.
Autobiographical memory
What is emotional memory?
Emotional memory” is shorthand for denoting the memory of experiences that evoked an emotional reaction.
What is encoding?
The conversion of information into a form that can be stored in memory. Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information..
What is storage?
The creation of a trace of this information within the nervous system. Storage refers to maintaining information over time.
What is memory retrieval?
An attempt to recover a memory trace. This is also the ability to access information when you need it.
What is the problem with the unitary model of memory?
The most prevalent criticism of the unitary models is that they try to oversimplify many complex processes into a single mechanism.
