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Human Structure & Function > What is Life? > Flashcards

What is Life? Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Scientific discipline that investigates structure of body parts & how they relate to each other.

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2
Q

What are the levels of Anatomy?

A
  1. Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic)
  2. Surface
  3. Microscopic
  4. Development
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3
Q

What are the levels of Gross Anatomy?

A

a) Systemic

b) Regional

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4
Q

What is Gross Anatomy?

A

Structures examined without the aid of a microscope.

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5
Q

What is Systemic & Regional Anatomy?

A

S=Body is studied system by system.

R=Body is studied area by area.

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6
Q

What is Surface Anatomy?

A

Study of external form of the body & its relation to deeper surfaces.

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7
Q

What is Microscopic?

A

Structures examined with the aid of a microscope.

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8
Q

What is Development?

A

Structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifespan.

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9
Q

What is Physiology?

A

Study of the function of living things.

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10
Q

What are the levels of Physiology in order?

A 
Molecular
Cellular
Systemic
Renal
Neurophysiology
Cardiovascular
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11
Q

What are the organisations of the human body?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ System
  6. Organism
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12
Q

What is Chemical Level?

A

Atoms (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) combine to form molecules (DNA, RNA, sugar, water).

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13
Q

What is Cellular Level?

A

Molecules combine to form organelle of a cell.

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14
Q

What is Tissue Level?

A

Numerous cells (smooth muscle cells) join together to form a tissue.

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15
Q

What is Organ Level?

A

Tissues (can be more than one type) form organs (bladder).

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16
Q

What is Organ System Level?

A

One/more organs make up a system.

17
Q

What are the characteristics of organisms?

A
  1. Organisation
  2. Metabolism
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Growth
  5. Development
  6. Reproduction
18
Q

What is Organisation?

A

Relationships among the parts of an organism & how these parts interact to form specific functions.

19
Q

What is Metabolism?

A

Chemical reactions taking place in an organism.

20
Q

What is Responsiveness?

A

Organisms ability to sense changes in its environment & adjust to those changes.

21
Q

What is Growth?

A

Increases size or number of cells.

22
Q

What is Development?

A

Changes an organism undergoes through time.

23
Q

What is Reproduction?

A

Formation of new cells or new organism.

24
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The existence & maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

25
Q

What is the Anatomical Position?

A

An erect person whose:

  • Face is directed forward.
  • Arms are hanging by their side.
  • Palms facing forward.
26
Q

What is Supine & Prone as a Body Position?

A

Supine- Person laying face up.

Prone- Person lying face down.

27
Q

What are the Directional Terms & their meanings?

A 
Superior- Towards the head.
Inferior- Towards the tail.
Anterior- Towards the front of the body.
Posterior- Towards the back of the body.
Proximal- Nearest point of attachment.
Distal- Distant to point of attachment.
Medial- Towards the mid-line of the body.
Lateral- Away from the mid-line of the body.
Superficial- Close to the surface of…
Deep-Towards the interior of…
28
Q

What are the Body Planes?

A

Sagittal- Runs vertically down the body separating the body into left & right portions.
Frontal or Coronal- Runs vertically from left to right & divides body into anterior & posterior.
Transverse or Horizontal- Runs parallel to ground & divides the body into superior & inferior portions
Oblique- Does not run parallel to front or transverse plane.

29
Q

What are the body cavities & what separates the thoracic & abdominal cavity?

A
  1. Thoracic Cavity
  2. Abdominal Cavity
  3. Pelvic Cavity
    - Diaphragm separates thoracic & abdominal cavities.
30
Q

What are the Abdominal Quadrants?

A
  1. Right-Upper Quadrant
  2. Left-Upper Quadrant
  3. Right-Lower Quadrant
  4. Left-Lower Quadrant
31
Q

What are the Abdominal Regions?

A
  1. Right Hypochondriac Region
  2. Epigastric Region
  3. Left Hypochondriac Region
  4. Right Lumbar Region
  5. Umbilical Region
  6. Left Lumbar Region
  7. Right Illiac Region
  8. Hypogastric Region
  9. Left Illiac Region
32
Q

What are Serous Membranes?

A
  • Lines the cavities in trunk of the body & cover organs within these cavities.
  • 2 layers- Parietal: layer lines the trunk cavity whereas the visceral layer lines organs.
  • Serous fluid produced by membrane fills cavities between 2 layers, acts as a lubricant between organs & body walls.

Human Structure & Function (11 decks)

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