what is happening inside the city? Flashcards
what are the benefits of education?
for childen: obtain/gain essential life skills such as reading, writing, ciritical thinking, problem-solving, socialization and knowledge sharing
for adults: enhance productivity, earning potential, reducing crime rate
what are the 2 main challenges to Quality Education?
1) increasing return to scale: larger classes are often less effective than smaller ones bc you cannot fiit the needs indivudually
2) unequal distribution of resources: cities with higher incomes often have better schools
Name 7 political implications arising from the challenges in the education sector
1) Need for governmental intervention
2) School funding – tradiotionally through taxes or through school vouchers
3) School choice
4) Standardized Testing
5) ROle of Local Governments
6) Importance of Early Childhood Education
7) Interconnection of Education and Urban Development
hightlight the difficulties arising from traditional public funding of schools
school funding trough taxes can lead to unequal distribution of resources when wealthier areas generate more tax revenues
what is the benefit and what could be problems arising from school vouchers?
vouchers allow parents to choose their children’s school, leading to competition among schools and improve quality.
but can also lead to exacerbating segregation and favoring private schools over public ones
benefits and problems from standardized test?
to measure students progress and hold schools accountable.
focus could switch to passing the exam instead providing a comprehensive education
what can local governments possibly do better?
compared to national governments
the are better able to address the specific need of their communities and have more influence
Chapter 9
what are the 4 key public health services?
water supplay, wastewater treatment, fire protection and waste disposal
what are the 2 main arguments for government provision of water
1) decreasing marginal costs
2) external effects, such as excessive pupming leading to dry up the neighboring well
why are wastewater systems crucial?
preventing the spread of disease and protecting the environment
which practice is O’Flaherty criticizing and why?
common practice of mixing stormwater and sewage in one system.
during heavy rain treatment plants can be overloaded and untreated sewage dicharged into the environment
what influences the costs of fire protection?
factors such as population density, building construction and water availability
name the issues of landfills
groundwater contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, limited space
what are the 3 main waste disposal methods?
landfills, incineration plants, recycling
what is the method + issue of incineration plants?
the burn waste to reduce the volume and generate energy - issue: releasing pollutants that can affect air quality
