What Is Food? Flashcards
An nutritious substance eaten, or drink to maintain growth and life, Germanic origins
Food
A nutritious substance, Latin origin
Nutrient
What are the six types of nutrients in food?
1) carbohydrates
2)Protien
3)Fat
4)Vitamins
5)Minerals
6)Water
Out of the six types of nutrients and food, which of them convert to energy?
Carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-tissue formation
-cell repair
-Hormone and enzyme production
-Build strong, healthy muscles, and immune system
What function of nutrients are these are part of ?
Protien
-source of energy(ready)
-Provide structural components for cell formation
What function of nutrients is this a part of?
Carbohydrates
-source of energy(stored)
-Structural components of cells and signals molecules for proper cell communication
-Insulation for vital organs
-Maintains body temperature
What function of nutrients is this part of?
Fat
-regulates body processes
-promotes normal body system functions
What function of nutrients is a part of?
Vitamins
-regulates body processes
-proper cellular function
-Compromise body tissue
What function of nutrients is this a part of?
Minerals
-transports nutrients to all body parts
-Transports waste
-Maintains body temperature
Which function of nutrients is a part of ?
Water
Based on the heat of combustion of:
-protein
-Fat
-Carbohydrates
That are corrected for losses in digestion, absorption, and urinary excretion of urea.
Atwater General factor system
Major:
-ingests food
-chews and mixes food
-Begins chemical breakdown of carbohydrates
-moves food into the pharynx
-Begins breakdown of lipids via lingual lipase
Other:
-moisten and dissolves food, allowing you to taste it
-Cleans and lubricates the teeth and oral cavity
Has some anti-microbial activity
Mouth
Major:
-propels food from the oral cavity to the esophagus
Other:
Lubricates food and passageways
Pharynx
Major:
-propels food to the stomach
Other:
-lubricates food and passageways
Esophagus
Major:
-mixes and chrurns food with gastric juices to form chyme
-Begins chemical breakdown of proteins
-Releases food into the duodenum as chyme
-absorbs, some fat soluble substances (ex. Alcohol, aspirin.)
-possesses anti-microbial functions
Other:
-Stimulates protein, digesting enzymes
-secrets, intrinsic factor required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine
Stomach
Major:
-Mixes chyme with digestive juices
-propels food at a rate, slow enough for digestion and absorption
-absorbs breakdown products of carbohydrates proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, along with vitamins, minerals, and water
-performs physical digestion via segmentation
Other:
-Provides optimal, medium for enzymatic activity
Small intestine
Produces bile salts which emulsify lipids, aiding their digestion and absorption
Liver
Stores concentrates, and releases bile
Gallbladder
Produces digestion, enzymes, and bio carbonate
Other:
Bicarbonate, rich, blank juices, help neutralize acidic chyme and provide optimal environment for enzymatic activity
Pancreas
Major:
-Further breaks down food residue
-absorbs most residual water, electrolytes, and vitamins produced by enteric bacteria
-propels faeces toward rectum
-eliminates feces
Other:
-Food residue is concentrated and temporarily stored prior to defecation
-Mucus eases passage of feces through colon
Large intestine
What are the five key factors to achieving a healthy diet?
ABCMV
(ALL BOYS CAN MAKE VEGETABLES)
1. ADEQUATE amount of essential nutrients fibre and calories
2. Balanced. Amounts of all nutrients.
3. Control. Calories so the amount of energy from the nutrients consumed equals the amount expended.
4. Moderation. To eat the correct amount.
5. VARIETY. Foods from each food group regularly.
