Drugs and your body

Question 1

Any compound that is administered and affects normal bodily function

Answer 1

Drug

Question 2

Describes how the body affects a substance after administration

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

ADME

Answer 3

Absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Question 4

-topical: creams & ointment
-oral: pills, capsules, and liquids
-inhalation: vaporizer
-Injections: intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous
-rectal: capsules

Answer 4

Routes of administration

Question 5

-drug metabolize before it reaches the target
-blood from intestines goes to liver
-Liver is the major site of metabolism and excretion

Answer 5

First past metabolism

Question 6

-drug metabolizing enzymes
* protection against foreign compounds
*increase water solubility; excrete in urine
-Phase one
* cytochrome P450 enzymes
* inductible
* oxidation reactions
-phase 2
* conjugation reactions
*Add on a very water soluble molecule mole

Answer 6

Liver metabolism

Question 7

• where the drug goes in the body
  -Affected by drug chemistry
• water soluble?
• fat soluble? (Sex differences, obesity)
• binds to plasma proteins?

Answer 7

Drug distribution

Question 8

-volatile: exhalation
-Water soluble: absorbed by kidney, urinary excretion
-Not water soluble: transported to bile, concentrated in gallbladder, secreted into intestines, stool excretion

Answer 8

Drug excretion

Question 9

-most targets are protein
* 40 to 45% = enzymes or transporters
* 40 to 45% = receptors
-Gene therapy starting to emerge
* example: RNA vaccines for Covid

Answer 9

Pharmacodynamics