What is Deviance?

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

A person, behavior, or characteristic that is socially typed as deviant and subjected to measures of social control

Question 2

Conformity

Answer 2

A behavior that is in accordance with social norms because of agreement with social values or fear of sanctions

Question 3

Two Types of Deviance

Answer 3

Negative deviance, positive deviance

Question 4

Negative Deviance

Answer 4

Violates situational expectations

Question 5

Positive Deviance

Answer 5

Intentional behaviors that depart from the norms of a referent group in honorable ways, in other words surpasses expectations

Question 6

Social Norms

Answer 6

Expectations of conduct in particular situations

Question 7

Norm Violations Usually Result In:

Answer 7

Reactions or sanctions

Question 8

Proscriptive Social Norms

Answer 8

What not to do within social norms

Question 9

Prescriptive Social Norms

Answer 9

What to do within social norms

Question 10

Social Role

Answer 10

Collection of norms that together convey expectations about appropriate conduct for persons in a particular position

Question 11

Objectivism

Answer 11

Something inherent in a person, behavior, or characteristic that makes it deviant

Question 12

Limitations of Statistical Rarity in Objectivism

Answer 12

1: What is the criteria for “rare”?
2: Common things may be unacceptable
3: Rare things may be acceptable
4: Hidden, but not rare?

Question 13

Harm in Objectivism

Answer 13

Can be directed at a person, or society

Question 14

Limitations of Harm in Objectivism

Answer 14

1: Perceptions of harm vary over time
2: Perceptions of harm are subjective
3: Some types of deviance less harmful than non-deviant behaviors
4:Perceptions of harm largely exaggerated

Question 15

Four Types of Societal Reaction/Responses in Objectivism

Answer 15

Negative, Tolerant, Denial, Romanticization or Demonization

Question 16

Negative Response

Answer 16

When a behavior elicits criticism or punishment

Question 17

Tolerant Response

Answer 17

When deviancy is considered reasonable

Question 18

Denial Response

Answer 18

Attempts to deny the deviance we see

Question 19

Romanticization or Demonization Response

Answer 19

Imagined moral monster vs. Robin Hood

Question 20

Limitations of Societal Reaction in Objectivism

Answer 20

1: Whose reactions count the most?
2: People may still be “deviantized” when society reacts positively

Question 21

Absolutist View of Norms

Answer 21

1: Behavior or characteristic is INHERENTLY and UNIVERSALLY deviant
2: Some norms should be followed in ALL cultures at all times
3: Absolute moral order

Question 22

Culturally-Specific View of Norms

Answer 22

1: Norms are culturally specific
2: Not an absolute moral order

Question 23

Types of Norms

Answer 23

Folkways, Mores, Law

Question 24

Folkways

Answer 24

Norms that govern everyday behavior

Question 25

Mores

Answer 25

The foundation of morality

Question 26

Law

Answer 26

Norms enriched in the legal system

Question 27

Limitations of Norms in Objectivism

Answer 27

1: Lack of consensus over norms 2: Situational differences

Question 28

Subjectivism

Answer 28

Focuses on the processes by which people, behaviors, or characteristics are perceived and labelled as deviant

Question 29

Dominant Moral Codes in Subjectivism

Answer 29

1: How many people condemn and act? 2: How much power do they have? 3: How strong is their disapproval?

Question 30

Social Construction of Deviance in Subjectivism

Answer 30

Deviance as a social construction; dominant moral codes are socially constructed; of sociological significance is not the behavior or characteristic itself, but it's place in the social order, roles assigned to individuals who exhibit it, and the meanings attached to it

Question 31

Levels of Social Construction

Answer 31

Individual, Interactional, Institutional, Sociocultural - (lowest to highest)

Question 32

Moral Entrepreneurs That Manufacture Public Morality

Answer 32

Politicians, Scientists, Religious Institutions, Media, Commercial Enterprise

Question 33

How Do Moral Entrepreneurs Manufacture Public Morality?

Answer 33

1: Bring a problem to public awareness 2: Facilitate "moral conversion"

Question 34

A person, behavior, or characteristic that is socially typed as deviant and subjected to measures of social control

Answer 34

Deviance

Question 35

A behavior that is in accordance with social norms because of agreement with social values of fear of sanctions

Answer 35

Conformity

Question 36

Negative deviance, positive deviance

Answer 36

Two Types of Deviance

Question 37

Violates situational expectations

Answer 37

Negative Deviance

Question 38

Intentional behaviors that depart from the norms of a referent group in honorable ways, in other words surpasses expectations

Answer 38

Positive Deviance

Question 39

Expectations of conduct in particular situations

Answer 39

Social Norms

Question 40

Reactions or sanctions

Answer 40

Norm Violations Usually Result In:

Question 41

What not to do within social norms

Answer 41

Proscriptive Social Norms

Question 42

What to do within social norms

Answer 42

Prescriptive Social Norms

Question 43

Collection of norms that together convey expectations about appropriate conduct for persons in a particular position

Answer 43

Social Role

Question 44

Something inherent in a person, behavior, or characteristic that makes it deviant

Answer 44

Objectivism

Question 45

1: What is the criteria for "rare"? 2: Common things may be unacceptable 3: Rare things may be acceptable 4: Hidden, but not rare?

Answer 45

Limitations of Statistical Rarity in Objectivism

Question 46

Can be directed at a person, or society

Answer 46

Harm in Objectivism

Question 47

1: Perceptions of harm vary over time 2: Perceptions of harm are subjective 3: Some types of deviance less harmful than non-deviant behaviors 4:Perceptions of harm largely exaggerated

Answer 47

Limitations of Harm in Objectivism

Question 48

Negative, Tolerant, Denial, Romanticization or Demonization

Answer 48

Four Types of Societal Reaction/Responses in Objectivism

Question 49

When a behavior elicits criticism or punishment

Answer 49

Negative Response

Question 50

When deviancy is considered reasonable

Answer 50

Tolerant Response

Question 51

Attempts to deny the deviance we see

Answer 51

Denial Response

Question 52

Imagined moral monster vs. Robin Hood

Answer 52

Romanticization or Demonization Response

Question 53

1: Whose reactions count the most? 2: People may still be "deviantized" when society reacts positively

Answer 53

Limitations of Societal Reaction in Objectivism

Question 54

1: Behavior or characteristic is INHERENTLY and UNIVERSALLY deviant 2: Some norms should be followed in ALL cultures at all times 3: Absolute moral order

Answer 54

Absolutist View of Norms

Question 55

1: Norms are culturally specific 2: Not an absolute moral order

Answer 55

Culturally-Specific View of Norms

Question 56

Folkways, Mores, Law

Answer 56

Types of Norms

Question 57

Norms that govern everyday behavior

Answer 57

Folkways

Question 58

The foundation of morality

Answer 58

Mores

Question 59

Norms enriched in the legal system

Answer 59

Law

Question 60

1: Lack of consensus over norms 2: Situational diferences

Answer 60

Limitations of Norms in Objectivism

Question 61

Focuses on the processes by which people, behaviors, or characteristics are perceived and labelled as deviant

Answer 61

Subjectivism

Question 62

1: How many people condemn and act? 2: How much power do they have? 3: How strong is their disapproval?

Answer 62

Dominant Moral Codes in Subjectivism

Question 63

Deviance as a social construction; dominant moral codes are socially constructed; of sociological significance is not the behavior or characteristic itself, but it's place in the social order, roles assigned to individuals who exhibit it, and the meanings attached to it

Answer 63

Social Construction of Deviance in Subjectivism

Question 64

Individual, Interactional, Institutional, Sociocultural - (lowest to highest)

Answer 64

Levels of Social Construction

Question 65

Politicians, Scientists, Religious Institutions, Media, Commercial Enterprise

Answer 65

Moral Entrepreneurs That Manufacture Public Morality

Question 66

1: Bring a problem to public awareness 2: Facilitate "moral conversion"

Answer 66

How Do Moral Entrepreneurs Manufacture Public Morality?