What is development? Flashcards
What is the definition of geographic development?
Economic, demographic, social, political and cultural changes associated with development; the development continuum.
What is the geography of development about?
How standard of living, wealth and the quality of life of people living on our planet vary from place to place.
It may involve an improvement OR a reduction in the quality of life.
How is the quality of life used in geography?
Qualitative measure.
Tied in with the United Nations Universal rights.
Includes built environment, mental/physical health, education, recreation and social belonging.
How is the standard of living used in geography?
Based on income and what that level of income will allow a person to buy in the way of necessities/luxury goods. Refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain group of people in a certain geographic area.
ECONOMIC measure.
Varies from country to country.
What is economic development?
An increase in the country’s wealth.
Could be accompanied with a decrease in agricultural numbers and an increase in manufacturing numbers.
Could be a greater access to natural resources - more energy used per head of population.
The environment is exploited in an increasing sustainable fashion.
What is demographic development?
An increase in LE and an overall fall in the DR (including infant mortality) combined with falling BR.
What is social development?
Range of changes affecting the quality of life of the population.
E.g. improved education and literacy levels, access to modern facilities (decrease in the number of people per doctor), sanitation levels, housing and increase in personal freedom.
What is political development?
Freedom - people can say who forms the government.
This can impact their lives.
What is cultural development?
Greater equality for women and better race relations in multicultural societies.
What is GDP?
The total value of all finished goods/services produced by a country in a year.
Amount per head of population.
What is GNP?
The total value of all finished goods/services produced nu a country in a year, plus all net income earned by that country and its population from overseas sources.
What were the different sections of early classification of development?
First World (developed). Second World - state-controlled communist countries e.g. former USSR and countries of Eastern Europe. Third World (developing).
What is the present day classification system? 7
- Developed countries - high living standards, most developed.
- Developing - lower stage of development.
- Least developed countries (LDCs) - low living standards, LE etc.
- NICS - begun to develop through industrialisation in the last 40 years e.g. Singapore.
- RICS - recently industrialising countries.
- Centrally planned economies - communist countries e.g. North Korea.
- Oil-rich countries - high GNP per head e.g. Saudi Arabia.
What is the development continuum?
Developing countries pass from one condition to another.
Gradual change.
Development process - countries at various stages of development and are developing in different ways.
What is the development gap?
The difference in affluence between rich and poor countries.
Gap has increased over time.
Most developed countries - northern hemisphere.
Poorer countries - south.
