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Wildlife > What Is Biodiversity > Flashcards

What Is Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is ecological diversity?

A

Different habitats, niches, species interactions.

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2
Q

What is species diversity?

A

Different kinds of organisms, relationships among species.

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3
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

Different genes & combinations of genes within populations.

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4
Q

What is the genotype?

A

The alleles carried within each individual…we each have unique genotype.

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5
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

The outward expression of the alleles…blue or brown eyes.

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6
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of a gene…most genes have two or more forms or alleles of a gene.

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7
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Overshadows expression of the recessive allele.

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8
Q

Which allele is expressed if there are 2 copies of it?

A

The recessive allele.

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9
Q

What is a species?

A

A population or populations of organisms capable of breeding naturally among themselves and that produce young that are reproductively viable.

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10
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of species?

A

Individual organisms of different species typically do not share genes (do not reproduce).

Individuals within a species typically have the same number of chromosomes with similar groups of genes/alleles on those chromosomes.

Species concept deals with the genetic similarity of organisms regardless of where or when they exist.

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11
Q

What is a population?

A

All of the organisms of the same species found within a specific geographic region.

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12
Q

Do Populations have many more alleles than just a few individuals?

A

Yes.

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13
Q

Populations can exhibit great differences in what?

A

Genetic variability.

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14
Q

What leads to genetic variability?

A

Evolutionary history… all populations acted upon by natural selection.

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15
Q

What is the gene pool?

A

All of the genes/alleles carried by all the members of a given population.

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16
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

Describes the degree of genetic difference among individuals within a population.

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17
Q

What is high genetic diversity?

A

Indicates many different kinds of alleles for each characteristic.

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18
Q

High levels of genetic diversity is insurance against, what?

A

High levels of genetic diversity is insurance against extinction from a changing environment.

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19
Q

What is low genetic diversity?

A

Low genetic diversity: nearly all individuals in a population have the same alleles.

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20
Q

What is the estimate for the number of species of beetle?

A

Between 5 and 50 million.

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21
Q

How many species of beetle have actually been described?

A

1.5 million.

22
Q

What is the number or terrestrial species?

A

Terrestrial species account for a million described species… mostly arthropods.

23
Q

What is endemism?

A

Organisms of any taxonomic level that have evolved their uniqueness within a specific geographic area.

24
Q

Which areas show high levels of endemism?

A

Geographical areas that have been isolated for a long time.

25
Q

Is conservation concern high or low for endemic species?

A

Very high.

26
Q

Areas that contain unusual concentrations of endemic species are often located where?

A

Where biogeographic isolation has favored speciation and adaptive radiation over a long evolutionary period.

27
Q

Biogeographic connections have mixed, what?

A

Biotas.

28
Q

Where are the major hotspots?

A

14 major hotspots in tropical forest areas and 4 in Mediterranean regions.

29
Q

How much of the earths surface do these hotspots cover and what percentage of earths species do they contain?

A

Contain 20% of earth’s species cover 1% of earth’s surface.

30
Q

What are the main areas that make up the hotspots?

A

Long isolated areas.

Mediterranean climate regions.

Ancient Lakes.

Marine environments.

31
Q

Madagascar has how many species of endemic plants?

A

4900.

32
Q

Madagascar has how many species of reptiles?

A

234.

33
Q

Cape region of South Africa has how many species of endemic plants?

A

6000.

34
Q

Lake Baikal has how many species of plants and animals and what percent are endemic?

A

2700 species of plants and animals described from lake…84% endemic.

35
Q

Where is diversity greatest?

A

Coral reefs.

36
Q

The Caribbean holds what percentage of global marine fish?

A

10%

37
Q

Species diversity is highest where and declines where?

A

Highest towards the tropics and declines towards the poles.

38
Q

What leads to greater species diversity?

A

Significantly greater diversity in terms of habitat conditions (elevation, rainfall, slope aspect and steepness, soil conditions and lake and stream conditions) leads to greater species diversity.

39
Q

Diversity declines towards what regions?

A

Less differentiated regions.

40
Q

Diverse bat fauna occurs where?

A

Tropical forests.

41
Q

What are the benefits of biodiversity?

A

Ecosystem functions.

Ecosystem services, cleaning water, cleaning air.

Habitat & breeding areas for wildlife.

Aesthetic and cultural benefits.

42
Q

What are renewable natural resources?

A

Forests (plants, wildlife).

Soils.

Fresh water (lakes, rivers).

Wildlife and fisheries.

Rangeland.

43
Q

What are non renewable natural resources?

A

Minerals.

Fossil fuels.

44
Q

What are the biggest extinction threats?

A

Pollution.

Climate change.

Invasive species.

45
Q

How can we protect biodiversity?

A

Stop over harvesting.

Protect habitat.

Implement policies.

46
Q

What are ways to stop over harvesting?

A

Sustainable yield.

Hunting & fishing laws.

47
Q

How can we protect habitat?

A

Refuges.

Parks.

Reserves.

48
Q

What is the endangered species act?

A

Goal to “recover” species so they no longer need protection under ESA.

Implements U.S. participation in CITES
“Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species”.

Prohibits trade in listed species.

whole organisms.

parts: skins, bones, teeth, flowers, leaves, etc.

49
Q

When was the endangered species act implemented?

A

1973.

50
Q

What are some other laws for animal protection?

A

Marine Mammal Protection Act.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

Anadromous Fish Conservation Act.

Wildlife (8 decks)

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