What is a Vertebrate?

Question 1

Definitions;

• Physiology
• Phylogeny systematics
• Taxonomy
• Linnaean Classification System

Answer 1

• Physiology; The study of the functions of living organisms and its component parts - including all chemical and physical processes
• Phylogeny systematics: (aka cladistics): classifies animals based on shared derived character states (or evolutionary relationships)
• Taxonomy: The practice and science of classification
• Linnaean classification system: a system of classification whereby organisms are classified based on shared characteristics
  - is hierarchial w/ organisms getting progressively more similar

Question 2

Features of Chordates (5)

Answer 2

• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Distinct head and tail (cephalisation) & muscular postanal tail
• Have notochord present
• Pharyngeal pouches (slits)
• Ventral heart

Question 3

Features of Vertebrates (4)

Answer 3

• Backbone (vertebral column that develops around notochord)
• Paired limbs
• Endoskeleton (w/ cranium surrounds brain)
• Complex organ systems

Question 4

Definitions;

• Homologous traits
• Analogous traits
• Derived trait

Answer 4

• Homologous traits: Any two features descended from a common ancestral feature (e.g. bat/bird wings)
• Analogous structure: Structures that serve the same function, but don’t have the same origin
• Derived trait: A trait that differs from its ancestral form