Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Summer 15 - Women's Health > WH Intro > Flashcards

WH Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What components are necessary to cause differentiation of female sex system?

A
  • genetics: 46XX
  • proteins
  • hormones
  • ovaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Turner Syndrome?

A
  • 45 XO
  • streak ovaries w/ few ovarian follicles
  • gonadal dysgenesis
  • no gonadal sex hormone production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some physical characteristics seen in Turner Syndrome?

A
  • short stature
  • webbed neck
  • poor breast development
  • wide carrying of the arms
  • renal anomalies and liver dysfunction
  • ocular and auditory deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of Turner Syndrome

A
  • growth hormone
  • estrogen
  • progestins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What conditions might be caused by excess androgens?

A
  • hirsutism
  • virilization (masculinization of reproductive structures)
  • polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • hormone secreting turmors
  • adrenal: Cushings, congenital adrenal hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens with an imperforate hymen?

A
  • pt will menstruate but blood has nowhere to go
  • present with pain and bloating
  • easily fixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens with transverse vaginal septum?

A
  • no opening between upper and lower vagina

- amenorrhea, pelvic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens with agenesis of the lower vagina?

A
  • no fusion of the upper with lower vagina

- must be reconstructed surgically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens with a bicornate uterus?

A
  • poor fusion of Mullerian ducts = divided uterus

- would be difficult to maintain a pregnancy b/c of space restrictions (will cause an abortion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis gets activated at puberty, what happens physiologically?

A
  • GnRH is released
  • produce sex steroids from ovary
  • secondary sexual maturation (breasts, female pattern hair growth)
  • ovulation/menstruation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: What is released from each part?

A
  • hypothalamus: gonadotropin releasing hormone
  • pituitary: gonadotropins (LH and FSH)
  • ovaries: sex steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During the reproductive cycle, when is estrogen at its highest level? When is progesterone at its highest level?

A
  • estrogen peaks right before ovulation then drops dramatically when egg released
  • progesterone peaks in days to week after egg is released (luteal phase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens during the follicular phase of the reproductive cycle?

A
  • onset of menses to the day of the LH surge
  • 14 days
  • FSH increases: follicular growth of oocytes
  • estradiol: maintains endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A
  • estradiol feedback causes LH surge, which triggers ovulation
  • oocyte released from ovary
  • follicle becomes corpus luteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle?

A
  • predominance of progesterone
  • suppress LH and FSH
  • w/ fertilization: implanted zygote
  • no fertilization: corpus luteum involutes and withdrawal of progesterone results in FSH release and start of new cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens during menstruation and what triggers the start of menstruation in the reproductive cycle?

A
  • first days of follicular phase
  • blood and desquamated superficial endometrial tissue
  • prostaglandins cause uterine contractions and cramping
  • menstruation caused by involution of corpus luteum and decrease in progesterone
17
Q

What stimulates oogenesis?

A

-increase FSH stimulates oogenesis

18
Q

Describe the changes of the endometrium throughout the reproductive cycle.

A
  • follicular phase: endometrial cell growth
  • ovulation: endometrium at maximum thickness
  • luteal phase: endometrium converted to loose edematous tissue
  • menstruation: endometrium sloughs off
19
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

20
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A
  • no menstruation by age 13 with absence of secondary sex characteristics
  • by age 15 w/ secondary sex development
21
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

A

-absence of menstruation for 3-6 months in a menstruating female

22
Q

Possible Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea

A
  • pregnancy
  • HPO axis: poor nutrition, neoplasm, psychogenic, substance use
  • ovarian: PCOS, ovarian failure, chromosome abnormality
  • genital outflow obstruction
23
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

-irregular menstrual bleeding, usually between cycles

24
Q

Menorrhagia

A

-excessive menstrual bleeding at regular intervals

25
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

-frequent and excessive menstrual bleeding

26
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

-frequent menstrual bleeding, usually regular

27
Q

Possible Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

A
  • pregnancy or pg complications
  • GU: infx, fibroids, polyps, neoplasms
  • HPO axis: abnormalities, medications, systemic dz
  • dysfunctional uterine bleeding
28
Q

Anovulation

A
  • failure to ovulate

- cam cause abnormal uterine bleeding, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea

Summer 15 - Women's Health (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions