WFI Flashcards
Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT) is part of the PHYSICAL EXAMINATION;
This examination offers an opportunity for the examiner to assess each person’s ability to:
wear head protection, a respirator face piece, and other respiratory protection.
Cardiovascular (CV)
The CV exam must include:
seated blood pressure
Pulse
auscultation of the heart
Typically, uniformed personnel suffering from early lung or heart disease will deny being more fatigued while fighting fires. More common is the complaint that:
during the past year or two the individual’s tolerance for exercise has diminished.
The respiratory exam should include:
inspection for respiratory rate and effort;
presence of coughing or sneezing;
skin color and any clubbing of the digits (indicative of respiratory diseases);
auscultation for breath sounds and any abnormal sounds (expiratory wheezing, inspiratory crackles, or stridor);
Spirometry is an effective screening and surveillance exam for pulmonary disease and shall be included in the exam.
Gastrointestinal exam:
Generally right upper quadrant is palpated for evidence of:
liver, colon or gall bladder disease;
Gastrointestinal exam:
Generally the left upper quadrant is palpated for:
spleen or colon pathology.
Rectal-
The purpose of this procedure is to screen for:
rectal masses,
mucosal abnormalities such as hemorrhoids,
anal fissures
cancerous lesions
and to detect prostate abnormalities in men.
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN1 controls?
smell
(often omitted unless history of head trauma or toxic inhalation);
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN2 controls?
vision;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN3 controls?
pupillary constriction; elevation of the eyelid; extra ocular eye movements;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN4 controls?
extraocular eye movement
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN5 controls?
jaw movement;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN6 controls?
extraocular eye movements;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN7 controls?
muscles of the face
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN8 controls?
hearing and balance;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN9 controls?
taste; pharynx movements;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN10 controls?
movement and sensation in the oropharynx;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN11 controls?
movement of the neck muscles;
Cranial Nerves Exam — a focused cranial nerve examination includes an emphasis on the senses. The cranial nerve exam includes:
CN12 controls?
tongue movement.
What is the Rhomberg test?
MOTOR ASSESSMENT- feet to-gether, arms outstretched, palms up and eyes closed
Reflexes — this examination includes the standard evaluation of reflexes on a ____ scale, including the ankle, knee, bicep, tricep, and brachioradialis.
0-4+
What is overtaking smoking as the number one cause of preventable deaths and is associated with an increase in almost every chronic disease including but not limited to: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, diabetes, several types of cancer, asthma and chronic lung diseases, obstructive sleep apnea, dementia, arthritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Obesity
What is the preferred method of estimating body composition?
The WFI has selected the skinfold measurement eval-uation
Individuals with more intra-abdominal/visceral fat, which is fat around abdominal organs, are at an increased risk of:
hypertension,
type 2 diabetes,
dyslipidemia,
coronary artery disease
premature death.
abdominal fat is no longer thought of as just a passive or inert reservoir for storing energy; it is an:
active endocrine organ, secreting many factors capable of increasing systemic inflammation within the body
The role of white blood cells is to:
help the body defend itself against infection.
The purpose of red blood cells is to:
carry oxygen to the body’s tissues.
Platelets are essential to the bloods ability to:
properly clot.
What is formed when RBC’s break down that serves as a liver ‘function’ test?
bilirubin
What is a protein made by the liver, thus it is a liver ‘function’ test?
albumin
Cells use ________ as a fuel substrate for the pro-duction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic source of energy used in all metabolic reactions
glucose
________ is a measure of renal function.
Creatinine
This is the best index of overall kidney function and is a more sensitive, and early, indicator of kidney dysfunction than creatinine alone.
Glomerular Filtration Rate ((GFR))
__________ is synthesized mainly in the liver and is the end product of protein catabolism.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Potassium levels may be elevated, known as:
hyperkalemia,
__________ levels are an indicator of the acid-base status of the patient.
Carbon dioxide
_________ is measured in the serum or plasma and is required for normal muscle contraction and nerve function.
Calcium
__________ belongs to a larger family of biological chemicals called lipids (fats).
cholesterol
This is what people often refer to this as a bad
cholesterol.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C)
This cholesterol is involved in reverse transport of cholesterol away from body tissues and out of the body.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
______ ratio gauges relative risk of cardiovascular disease.
Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
(TC/HDL-C)
Given the increased physiological demand imposed by the fire service, cholesterol lowering therapy including _________ & _________ when necessary is recommended for the achievement and maintenance of desired cholesterol levels.
lifestyle modification and medication
_____________ is also referred to as syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, and prediabetes.
Metabolic syndrome
The metabolic syndrome is identified by the presence of three or more of the following components in certain levels.
abdominal obesity level
HDL cholesterol level
fasting glucose Level
______ cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and second leading cause of cancer death in women, after lung cancer.
Breast
Annual mammography screening shall be performed on all women uniformed personnel beginning at age ___.
40
______ cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men, after skin cancer.
Prostate
Fecal occult blood testing is used to screen for ________ cancer.
colorectal
Uniformed personnel are exposed to a variety of particulate materials, chemicals and asbestos which can increase the risk for _____ cancer.
colon
Colonoscopies shall be conducted on all uniformed personnel at __ years old and repeated every five years.
40
Uniformed personnel shall be given tetanus/diphtheria boosters every __ years.
ten
_______ is usually a mild illness. However, in pregnant women particularly in the first trimester, it can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and congenital _____ syndrome (CRS).
Rubella
rubella
Women who receive this vaccine should not become pregnant for three months after the vaccination is administered?
rubella vaccine
This virus because can be clinically silent for decades while causing ongoing damage to the liver. Historically, the vast majority of these infections were caused by blood transfusions or IV drugs use.
Hepatitis C
it is recommended that ___ minutes be allotted for every shift for physical fitness.
60-90
The fitness evaluation will assess five specific areas including:
body composition
aerobic capacity
muscular strength and power
muscular endurance
flexibility.
Obesity is defined as more than __ percent body fat for women and more than __ percent body fat for men.
30
25
it has been well established that the leading occupational-related diseases causing premature departures from the fire service are:
heart disease and lung disease.
Heart disease causes __ percent of the line-of-duty deaths that occur among U.S. fire fighters.
45
it has been estimated that inactive per-sons have a __ percent increased risk of heart attack than physically active persons.
90
Insufficient muscular strength may contribute to higher incidence of:
sprains, strains and back injuries among uniformed personnel.
What is the ability of a joint to move through a full range of motion?
flexibility
Wellness is defined as:
a balance between the various fitness
modalities-medical, physical, emotional and behavioral
What provides individuals with mechanisms to cope with the daily rigors and extreme stressors that occur as a function of work, home and community?
Striking a balance between physical and behavioral fitness
One study found that, __ to __ percent of individuals
who utilized counseling services through an EAP returned to fully productive status in the workplace.1
60 to 80
The core exercise for financial fitness is ________
which can prove to be challenging when trying to meet all other financial obligations.
saving
Research has shown that _________ can affect the body’s immune functioning and
slow down the body’s ability to heal from physical wounds and disease.
bad
marriages
__________ is one of the most powerful communication tools available.
Listening to others
What is essentially a cost effective, humanitarian, job-based strategy to help individuals whose personal problems impact their work performance?
An Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
or
Labor/Employee Assistance Program (L/EAP)
The abuse of _______ is defined as an
unhealthy pattern of use with one or more of the following occurring within a 12-month period, including: use resulting in failure to fulfill major work, school or home obligations; recurrent use in situations in which it is hazardous; recurrent alcohol related legal problems; continued use despite knowledge of problems caused by or aggravated by use.
alcohol
The IAFF and the pharmaceutical company _____ are
working together to help the IAFF become the first smokefree union in North America
Pfizer
_________ is the number-one cause of premature death.
Smoking
One study reported a high divorce
rate among fire fighters, increasing with:
rank and, presumably, with years of service.16
CISM interventions may be utilized when during an event?
pre-incident, during the event, as well as post-incident.
The following options are all potential CISM interventions:
pre-incident education and preparation;
on-scene support services;
large group interventions (demobilization, Crisis
Management Briefing, respite/rehabilitation centers);
small group intervention (Crisis Management Briefing, defusing, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing);
individual crisis intervention;
pastoral crisis intervention;
family support services;
organizational and staff consultation;
post-incident education;
follow-up and referral.
What label can come with an unintended
side effect making uniformed personnel feel that
they themselves should not require help and that if they
do need help that all is lost?
Hero
Related to PTSD, but differentiated primarily by the time
in which it occurs is Acute Stress Disorder. Acute Stress
Disorder generally occurs within ______ days following exposure to a trauma or critical incident.
the first 30
The basis for many wellness programs integrates, learning to manage the six dimensions
of life — What are they?
occupational,
physical,
spiritual,
intellectual,
emotional
social
Personnel suffering emotional or behavioral problems may negatively impact the overall effectiveness of a department. What are the ways this may happen?
increased absenteeism,
increased accidents,
poor customer service,
poor performance of routine
and required duties
