Westward Migration, Slavery, Reforms Test

Question 1

The Declaration of Sentiments:

Answer 1

Created during the Seneca Falls Convention in New York, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott in 1848. Details the inequalities between men and women, from lack of property, voting, marriage, education rights to the dependence men have created women to have on them.

Question 2

Nat Turner:

Answer 2

Nat Turner organized a slave revolt in 1831, South Hampton County, Virginia. Was an enslaved preacher and believed himself chosen by God to free the slaves. Killed nearly 60 whites over the course of 4 days before Turner was put on trial and executed.

Question 3

Utah:

Answer 3

Mormons settle there under Brigham Young in 1847, build Salt Lake City.

Question 4

Harriett Tubman:

Answer 4

Influential figure in the fight for abolition, helped slaves escape through the Underground Railroad.

Question 5

Sojourner Truth:

Answer 5

Abolitionist and women’s rights speaker.

Question 6

John O’Sullivan:

Answer 6

Coined Manifest Destiny.

Question 7

The Missouri Compromise

Answer 7

Completed in 1821. Missouri was a new state entering the US, Congress was deciding whether it would be free or slave. NW Territory was free so far, and South was slave, Missouri came afer the ordinance. So far there was a balance of slave opinions in the Senate. States fight over Missouri, start of a conflict, Jefferson fears this conflict. Henry Clay leads a negotiation, representative from Kentucky, crafts a plan. Missouri becomes a slave state, Massachusetts becomes Maine and Massachusetts, both free. Everything The compromise drew a line from east to west along the 36 degrees 30’ parallel, dividing the states into equal halves of free and slave.

Question 8

Nullification:

Answer 8

Congress passes a tarrif in 1828, a tax on imports, that the South calls the Tarrif of Abominations. South relied on imported goods and wanted them cheap. North had factories that created said goods and wanted people to buy Amercan made products to benefit them and the economy, so they wanted the tarrif. John Calhoun, Andrew Jackson’s VP, goes behind his back and tells South Carolina (his home state) to nullify the tariff. Jackson doesn’t even support the tarrif, but is still angry about nullification, federal law must be respected. Congress passes the Force Bill, authorizies military force to enforce laws in states that are not acknowledging them. South Carolina surrenders, but nullfies Force Bill as a last ditch effort, but Jackson doesn’t even care because his goal has been accomplsihed. In truth, South Carolina’s real concern was the idea that one day the amount of free states would outweight slave states and Congress would pass a law ending slavery, and the Southern slave-relying states would have no way of stopping it- hence nullification. This was an intimation of Civil War.

Question 9

Andrew Jackson:

Answer 9

Seventh president, from 1829 to 1837. He was involved in the Missouri Compromise, Force Bill, and the Indian Removal Act of 1830, when he disregarded Supreme Court head John Marshall’s decision in Worcester v Georgia. He was a supporter of state power and federal power at different occasions. “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it,” he said referring to Marshall’s decision.

Question 10

Sally Hemings:

Answer 10

Enslaved woman owned by Thomas Jefferson, who slept with her beginning from age 14 and had many children fathered by him. She was freed when Jefferson died.

Question 11

1619:

Answer 11

The first Africans are taken to colonial America, taken to Jamestown, aboard a Dutch ship.

Question 12

Indentured Servitude:

Answer 12

Before slavery, people entered contracts of four to seven years of indentured servitude. They had more rights and comforts than slaves, and the eventuality of leaving servitude at the end of their contract.

Question 13

Maine:

Answer 13

Maine used to be part of Massachusetts, then was split from it as a separate state due to the Missouri Compromise.

Question 14

Tobacco:

Answer 14

American cash crop, farmed by slaves, biggest Colonial crio

Question 15

John Calhoun:

Answer 15

Andrew Jackson’s VP from South Carolina. Went behind Jackson’s back during the Nullification Crisis. Strong nationalist.

Question 16

The Stono Rebellion:

Answer 16

Biggest rebellion, happened in 1739, South Carolina. The Spanish sowed unrest and promised freedom to the slaves. The slaves rose up but were ultimately defeated. This rebellion scared the whites, so in response they passed the Negro Act, further restricting the liberties and rights of slaves.

Question 17

The Gag Rule:

Answer 17

Concerned about abolition and slave revolts, Congress bans talking about slavery in the federal government from 1836 to 1844.

Question 18

Henry Clay:

Answer 18

Crafter of the Missouri Compromise, Kentucky rep, pro-slavery but wanted the union to stay together.

Question 19

Dorothea Dix:

Answer 19

Lead prision reform, taught Sunday School in Massachussets prision 1841. Advocated for the mentally ill to be housed seperately from actual criminals. Her campaign for mental hospitals lead to the creation of the first ones.

Question 20

The Force Bill:

Answer 20

Passed by Congress to authorize military force to enforce laws in states that aren’t respecting them, ie nullification. After South Carolina backed down from its nullification attempts on the Tarrif of Abominations, South Carolina tried to nullify the Force Bill as a last ditch effort, which ultimately had zero impact whatsoever.

Question 21

Jamestown:

Answer 21

Place where Africans were first brought to Colonial America.

Question 22

Joseph Smith:

Answer 22

Founder of the Mormons, believed he had been given two golden tablets, commandments from God, to lead a new religious group. Killed by a mob in Illinois in 1844 along with his brother after being jailed for wanting to run for president. The Mormons were disliked by Americans because they banded together and followed Smith, not the President, and they were polymagous.

Question 23

Manifest Destiny:

Answer 23

Term coined by John O’Sullivan in 1845 to describe the belief that White Americans were destined by God to have all of North America, sea to shining sea, and perhaps eventually the whole world.

Question 24

Elizabeth Cady Stanton:

Answer 24

Women’s rights and anti slavery activist. Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention, wrote the Declaration of Sentiments. Married a leading abolitionist named Henry Stanton.

Question 25

Eli Whitney:

Answer 25

Inventor of the cotton gin in 1793 which separated cotton seeds from the cotton, making it much easier and much more efficient to pick cotton, resulting in the cotton industry’s boom, and more slaves.

Question 26

Denmark Vesey:

Answer 26

Bought a lottery ticket and won his freedom. Became a freedman preacher in South Carolina and organized a huge slave rebellion in Charleston 1822. Modeled his rebellion after 1791 Haiti slave rebellion. Before the rebellion could take place, they were betrayed and Vesey was convicted and killed.

Question 27

Brigham Young:

Answer 27

Leader of the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith. Brought them to Utah where they built Salt Lake City.

Question 28

The Five Civilized Tribes:

Answer 28

The Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, the Creek and the Seminole were considered the five civilized tribes because their architecture and society were very similar to White American life and they were open to trading with White American tribes. They lived on fertile land that the White Americans wanted, and after the Indian Removal Act was passed, state governments claimed their land. The Cherokees took it to court in Worcester v George, and it went all the way to the Supreme Court, to the head, John Marshall, who voted in their favor and declared it unconstitutional, because America had treaties with the Natives and federal law trumped state decisions. Andrew Jackson completely disregarded Marshall’s decision and went ahead with the removal. 16,000 Cherokees were foced out, about 4,600 died on the Trail of Tears, genocide event, displacing them from their land in Georgia to live in Oklahoma, less fertile lands, in a totally unrecognizable environment.

Called civilized because their societies were modeled after Whites in some ways and they were open to trading with Whites. They adopted white government systems and had constitutions,

Question 29

Republican Motherhood

Answer 29

The ideology created after the American Revolution in the 18th century that women should be the educators of future generations and caretakers of their husbands, meaning they should be maternal and well versed in American values and history. This ideology gave women power, dominance and leadership in the home sphere.

Question 30

Gabriel Prosser

Answer 30

1800, gathered slaves to rebel, but two slaves gave them away to the militia and he was executed. Virginia

Question 31

Four main cash crops

Answer 31

Tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton

Question 32

Dates of the four slave rebellions

Answer 32

Turner: 1831 V
Stono: 1739 SC
Vesey: 1822 SC
Prosser: 1800 V

Question 33

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 33

1676 to 1677 Virginia. Bacon lead a class based rebellion against the upper class colonists from England along with the other indentured servants because they were angered about the lack of land and good resources they had. This lead to