Westward Expansion

Question 1

The vast grassland that extends through the central portion North America, from Texas northward to Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains

Answer 1

Great Plains

Question 2

signed in 1868 created the Great Sioux Reservation, which included the present state of South Dakota west of the Missouri River, but restored only a temporary peace to the region

Answer 2

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Question 3

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Answer 3

assimilation

Question 3

A chief of the Sioux;took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains and against United States Army troops; he was present at the battle of Little Bighorn (1876) when the Sioux massacred General Custer’s troops

Answer 3

Sitting Bull

Question 3

U.S. Army officer and cavalry commander in the Civil War and the Indian Wars; defeated and killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876 - “Last Stand”

Answer 3

George A. Custer

Question 3

removed Indian land from tribal ownership and divided it up among individual Indian families; attempt to assimilate Native Americans into white society where property laws were created by whites.

Answer 3

Dawes Act

Question 3

armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the U.S. military, subsequently described as a “massacre” by General Nelson A. Miles; last major conflict of the Indian Wars

Answer 3

Battle of Wounded Knee

Question 4

the major route north from Texas to Ablilene, Kansas, where cowboys drove herds of cattle to the railroads to be shipped back East for huge profits.

Answer 4

Chisholm Trail

Question 5

name for the moving of cattle across the plains to the railroad terminals

Answer 5

long drive

Question 6

Encouraged rapid westward settlement by allowing heads of families to buy 160 acres of land for a small fee ($10-30); settlers were required to develop and remain on the land for five years.

Answer 6

Homestead Act (1862)

Question 7

a name for African American pioneers who moved to the Great Plains after the Civil War. (1860s –1870s)

Answer 7

exoduster

Question 8

A frontier home, usually dug into a hill or made from sod. There were very few trees on the Great Plains so pioneers used local sod to build homes.

Answer 8

soddy

Question 9

Gave federal land and money to the states to help pay for agricultural colleges to teach improved farming techniques to students.

Answer 9

Morill Act (1862 and 1890)

Question 10

Large-scale farm usually owned by a large company and run like a factory. Led to overproduction and prices of crops fell.

Answer 10

bonanza farms (1800s)

Question 11

Farmers of the late 1800s who met to share information and try to gain political power over the railroad monopolies of the late 19th century.

Answer 11

Grange

Question 12

Farmers joined these organizations in the 1880s and 1890s. These groups took the place of the Grange and worked for similar causes: Lower railroad fees, more political power for farmers, more voice in government, etc…

Answer 12

Farmers’ Alliances

Question 13

a political movement to increase farmers political power and work for legislation (laws) to protect their interests. This is an example of a third political party gaining power in U.S. history. The party lost the election and died out, but most of their issues were later adopted: direct election of US Senators, laws to regulate railroad companies and banks, secret ballots, stronger and larger federal government.

Answer 13

Populism (Peoples’ Party)

Question 14

The Populists wanted the government to use both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system (to back up the paper money in circulation) Farmers believed this would end the economic farm crisis and increase the prices they could get for their crops.

Answer 14

bimetallism

Question 15

a policy under which the government backs dollars in circulation with gold

Answer 15

gold standard

Question 16

The twenty-fifth President of the United States. By the 1880s, this Ohio native was a nationally known Republican leader; his major issue was high tariffs (taxes) on imports as a formula for prosperity, as typified by his McKinley Tariff of 1890. As the Republican candidate in the 1896 presidential election, he supported the gold standard.

Answer 16

William McKinley (Republican)

Question 17

This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of free silver (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. He delivered a speech on monetary policy referred to as the “Cross of Gold” speech. He lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again and lost in 1900.

Answer 17

William Jennings Bryan

Question 18

Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic and complex in American history. It ushered in a long period of Republican political power.

Answer 18

Presidential Election of 1896

Question 19

The major question in the election of 1896 was whether to use only gold or both gold and silver to back up paper money in the U.S. This was an economic question:what action should the federal government take to regulate the economy? (monetary policy)

Answer 19

Silver vs gold issue