Industrialization

Question 1

first person to successfully use a steam engine to drill for oil

Answer 1

Edwin L. Drake

Question 2

a cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850

Answer 2

Bessemer process

Question 3

in 1876 he established the world’s first research laboratory in NJ, perfected incandescent light bulb, invented entire system for producing and distributing electrical power

Answer 3

Thomas Alva Edison

Question 4

invented telephone

Answer 4

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 5

created the typewriter in 1867 and changed the world of work

Answer 5

Christopher Sholes

Question 6

a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869

Answer 6

Transcontinental Railroad

Question 7

built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the illinois prairie

Answer 7

George M. Pullman

Question 8

a construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves

Answer 8

Credit Mobilier

Question 9

an 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states’ regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest

Answer 9

Munn v. Illinois

Question 10

a law, enacted in 1887, that established the federal government’s right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so

Answer 10

Interstate Commerce Act

Question 11

Scottish-born industrialist who developed the U.S. steel industry; his is a rags-to-riches story as he made a fortune in business and sold his holdings in 1901 for $447 million. He spent the rest of his life giving away $350 million to worthy cultural and educational causes

Answer 11

Andrew Carnegie

Question 12

monopolistic business practices which established control of all aspects of production from raw material to finished product as a way to cut costs and capitalize on lack of competition

Answer 12

Vertical and horizontal integration

Question 13

Social Darwinism

Answer 13

an economic and social philosophy - supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection - holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest

Question 14

established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Answer 14

John D. Rockefeller

Question 15

a law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade

Answer 15

Sherman Antitrust Act

Question 16

leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 16

Samuel Gompers

Question 17

an alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886

Answer 17

American Federation of Labor

Question 18

leader of the American Railway Union who eventually became a socialist

Answer 18

Eugene V. Debs

Question 19

a labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905

Answer 19

Industrial Workers of the World

Question 20

is the most prominent organizer in the women’s labor movement, she supported the Great Strike of 1877 and later organized for the United Mine Workers of America (UMW)

Answer 20

Mary Harris Jones