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Western Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

• Pre-Socratic and renowned as one of the
legendary Seven Wise Men or Sophoi
• The First European Philosopher
• Concerned with explaining what the world is really made up of and the changes happening around it

A

THALES

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2
Q

• He was the first philosopher who was concerned
with the problem of the self
• According to him, the true task of the
philosopher is to know oneself
• The unexamined life is not worth living
• The worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside

A

SOCRATES

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3
Q

• Student of Socrates
• Agreed with Socrates’ idea that humans have a
dual nature of the body and soul
• He added that there are 3 components of the
soul:

A

PLATO

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4
Q

3 components of the
soul:

A
  1. RATIONAL SOUL
  2. SPIRITED SOUL
  3. APPETITIVE SOUL
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5
Q

– forged by reason and
intellect

A
  1. RATIONAL SOUL
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6
Q

– in charge of emotions

A
  1. SPIRITED SOUL
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7
Q

– in charge of basic
desires like eating, drinking, sleeping,
and having sex

A
  1. APPETITIVE SOUL
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8
Q

Cardinal Virtues

A
  1. Prudence
  2. Courage
  3. Justice
  4. Temperance
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9
Q
  • controls the intellect in making choices
A
  1. Prudence
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10
Q
  • controls emotions in facing danger
A
  1. Courage
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11
Q
  • controls the will in relating with others
A
  1. Justice
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12
Q
  • controls desires and passions
A
  1. Temperance
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13
Q
  • Student of Plato
  • He defined the self in relation to being selfish
  • Selfishness for him is needed so that we can be able to serve a higher purpose.
A

ARISTOTLE

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14
Q
  • goal of people or end (Telos)
  • attain the highest of the pinnacle of humanity or
    being a flourishing person.
  • it can also mean happiness and living well
A

Eudaimonia

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15
Q
  • His view of the human person follows the view
    of Plato and infusing it with the doctrine of
    Christianity
  • An aspect of man dwells in the world and is
    imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine and the other is capable of reaching immortality
A

ST. AUGUSTINE / AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

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16
Q

– we are affected by the first sin
done by Adam and Eve

A

Original Sin

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17
Q

– the center is God

A

Moral Character

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18
Q
  • The most eminent thirteenth century scholar
    and steward of the medieval philosophy
  • Adapting some ideas from Aristotle, he believed
    that man is composed of two parts.
A

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

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19
Q

– common stuff that makes up
everything in the universe

A
  1. Matter
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20
Q

– essence of a substance or thing
(humans are set apart from other animals
because of existence of soul)

A
  1. Form
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21
Q

Type of Law

A
  1. Eternal Law
  2. Natural Law
  3. Divine Law
  4. Human Law
22
Q

– the order of creations as it
preexists in the divine mind, the whole cosmos
is made by God in its rightful place.

A
  1. Eternal Law
23
Q

– that part of God’s law that is
incorporated into human nature, rational
creature participation in eternal law.

A
  1. Natural Law
24
Q

– the law that man receives by
special revelation from God

A
  1. Divine Law
25
– law devised by man for specific purposes
4. Human Law
26
- Father of Modern Philosophy - Self is dualistic - Conceived of the human person as having: 1. BODY – a machine that is attached to the mind 2. MIND – makes man a man
RENE DESCARTES
27
- German philosopher who developed the dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress of history - Relationship between the self and otherness (term in phenomenology) is the fundamental defining characteristics of human awareness and activity
GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL
28
– articulate a viewpoint or idea
1. Thesis
29
– articulate the problems with the thesis
2. Antithesis
30
– share a new viewpoint (a modified thesis) that resolves the problem
3. Synthesis
31
• Often treated as a revolutionary and an activist rather than a philosopher • His works inspired foundation of many communist regimes • Wrote Das Kapital
KARL MARX
32
– distinct kind of social ill
Alienation
33
• In 1930’s this concept was used and was known as Marxist Philosophy • Also known as Diamat
Dialectical Materialism
34
The Process of Dialectical Materialism is Govern by 3 Laws
1. The law of unity and conflict of opposites 2. The law of transition of quantity into quality 3. The law of negation
35
- all phenomena consist of mutually contradictory elements, and that change is the result of their internal contradictions.
1. The law of unity and conflict of opposites
36
- describes how quantitative changes leads to qualitative change
2. The law of transition of quantity into quality
37
- every stage of the development of private ownership of the means of production grows out of its predecessor and negates it
3. The law of negation
38
• Known for his theory that man is evolving, mentally and socially toward a final spiritual unity. • Blending Science and Christianity • Writings of him were scientific and concerned mostly with mammalian paleontology • Reconcile evolutionary biology and religion
PIERRE TEILHARD DE CHARDIN
39
– creation of universe through evolution
Cosmogenesis
40
– development from simple atoms to humankind
• Evolution
41
- birth of the cosmos - the continuing expansion of the universe
Cosmogenesis / geogenesis
42
- continuing growth of life
2. Biogenesis
43
- emergence of human beings and the birth of thought - gradual evolution of the human mind both individually and collectively
3. Noogenesis / Noosphere
44
- birth of God in Christ - the end of evolution and the omega point
4. Christogenesis
45
• German social and ethical philosopher • Values could only be felt • Values can be organized by reason after it had been experienced. • The essence of human existence is in the human heart or the seat of love rather than ego
MAX SCHELER
46
Hierarchical Doctrine of Values
1. Values of the Holy 2. Spiritual Values 3. Vital Values 4. Pleasure Values
47
– appear only in regard to objects intentionally given as absolute objects. Highest value that are directly pertaining to the Supreme Being.
1. Values of the Holy
48
– values independent of the whole sphere of the body and of the environment. Grasped in spiritual acts of preferring, loving and hating.
2. Spiritual Values
49
– pertains to the well-being of the individual or of the community
3. Vital Values
50
– the pleasant against the unpleasant
4. Pleasure Values

Values Ed. (5 decks)

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