Eastern/ Oriental Philosophy

Question 1

• Code of ethical conduct of how a person should
act according to their relationship with other
people
• SUBDUED SELF – personal needs were repressed
for the good of many
• Five cardinal relationships: (hierarchal, role
dominance)

Answer 1

CONFUCIANISM

Question 2

Park and Chesla’s (2007) five types of relationships that
contribute to social order and harmony (mutual)

Answer 2

 Government and citizen
 Parents and children
 Husband and wife
 Older and younger siblings
 Between friends

Question 3

• Tao - the way
• natural order underlying the substance and
activity of the universe
• Free-flowing, relative, unitary

Answer 3

TAOISM

Question 4

• A major world religion originating from the
Indian subcontinent
• It is not only a religion but a compilation of many
traditions and philosophies
• worship a number of
different gods and minor deities, honor a range
of symbols, respect several different holy books
and celebrate a wide variety of traditions,
holidays and customs.

Answer 4

HINDUISM

Question 5

: the god responsible for the creation of
the world and all living things

Answer 5

Brahma

Question 6

: the god that preserves and protects the
universe

Answer 6

• Vishnu

Question 7

: the god that destroys the universe in
order to recreate it

Answer 7

• Shiva

Question 8

: the goddess that fights to restore dharma

Answer 8

• Devi

Question 9

: the god of compassion, tenderness and
love

Answer 9

• Krishna

Question 10

: the goddess of wealth and purity

Answer 10

• Lakshmi

Question 11

: the goddess of learning

Answer 11

• Saraswati

Question 12

– religious text

Answer 12

Veda

Question 13

– religious authority

Answer 13

Brahmans

Question 14

– the sole reality – the ultimate cause,
foundation, source and goal of all existence

Answer 14

3. Brahman

Question 15

– soul

Answer 15

4. Atman

Question 16

• spirit

Answer 16

5. Jiva

Question 17

– universal causal law by which good or
bad actions determine the future modes of an
individual’s existence

Answer 17

6. Karma

Question 18

– process of rebirth

Answer 18

Samsara

Question 19

– emancipation or escape from
impermanence

Answer 19

8. Moksha

Question 20

– religious and moral law governing
individuals conduct

Answer 20

9. Dharma

Question 21

Three paths to Salvation

Answer 21

1. Karma-marga
2. Jnana-marga
3. Bhakti-marga

Question 22

– path of ritual action or path
of duties

Answer 22

1. Karma-marga

Question 23

– path of knowledge

Answer 23

2. Jnana-marga

Question 24

– path of devotion

Answer 24

3. Bhakti-marga

Question 25

– the four stages of life

Answer 25

Ashramas

Question 26

– chaste student

Answer 26

1. Brahmacharin

Question 27

– married householder

Answer 27

2. Grihastha

Question 28

– retirement phase

Answer 28

3. Vanaprastha

Question 29

– devote himself to spiritual
contemplation and finally (not
mandatorily) become a homeless
wandering ascetic or sannyasin.

Answer 29

4. Sanyaas

Question 30

• Self as an illusion born out of ignorance of trying
to hold and control things or humancentered
needs; thus the self is also the source of all these
sufferings

Answer 30

BUDDHISM

Question 31

• Major world religion promulgated by the
Prophet Muhammad

Answer 31

ISLAM

Question 32

– meaning reading or recitation regarded
as the verbatim word or speech of God delivered
to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel.

Answer 32

1. Quran

Question 33

– meaning a well-trodden path and also
means the example of the Prophet

Answer 33

2. Sunnah

Question 34

– meaning consensus, standardized legal
theory and practice and to overcome
individual and regional differences of opinion

Answer 34

3. Ijima

Question 35

– meaning to endeavor or to exert effort,
it pertains to individual thought

Answer 35

4. Ijtihad