Eastern/ Oriental Philosophy Flashcards
• Code of ethical conduct of how a person should
act according to their relationship with other
people
• SUBDUED SELF – personal needs were repressed
for the good of many
• Five cardinal relationships: (hierarchal, role
dominance)
CONFUCIANISM
Park and Chesla’s (2007) five types of relationships that
contribute to social order and harmony (mutual)
Government and citizen
Parents and children
Husband and wife
Older and younger siblings
Between friends
• Tao - the way
• natural order underlying the substance and
activity of the universe
• Free-flowing, relative, unitary
TAOISM
• A major world religion originating from the
Indian subcontinent
• It is not only a religion but a compilation of many
traditions and philosophies
• worship a number of
different gods and minor deities, honor a range
of symbols, respect several different holy books
and celebrate a wide variety of traditions,
holidays and customs.
HINDUISM
: the god responsible for the creation of
the world and all living things
Brahma
: the god that preserves and protects the
universe
• Vishnu
: the god that destroys the universe in
order to recreate it
• Shiva
: the goddess that fights to restore dharma
• Devi
: the god of compassion, tenderness and
love
• Krishna
: the goddess of wealth and purity
• Lakshmi
: the goddess of learning
• Saraswati
– religious text
Veda
– religious authority
Brahmans
– the sole reality – the ultimate cause,
foundation, source and goal of all existence
- Brahman
– soul
- Atman
- spirit
- Jiva
– universal causal law by which good or
bad actions determine the future modes of an
individual’s existence
- Karma
– process of rebirth
Samsara
– emancipation or escape from
impermanence
- Moksha
– religious and moral law governing
individuals conduct
- Dharma
Three paths to Salvation
- Karma-marga
- Jnana-marga
- Bhakti-marga
– path of ritual action or path
of duties
- Karma-marga
– path of knowledge
- Jnana-marga
– path of devotion
- Bhakti-marga
– the four stages of life
Ashramas
– chaste student
- Brahmacharin
– married householder
- Grihastha
– retirement phase
- Vanaprastha
– devote himself to spiritual
contemplation and finally (not
mandatorily) become a homeless
wandering ascetic or sannyasin.
- Sanyaas
• Self as an illusion born out of ignorance of trying
to hold and control things or humancentered
needs; thus the self is also the source of all these
sufferings
BUDDHISM
• Major world religion promulgated by the
Prophet Muhammad
ISLAM
– meaning reading or recitation regarded
as the verbatim word or speech of God delivered
to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel.
- Quran
– meaning a well-trodden path and also
means the example of the Prophet
- Sunnah
– meaning consensus, standardized legal
theory and practice and to overcome
individual and regional differences of opinion
- Ijima
– meaning to endeavor or to exert effort,
it pertains to individual thought
- Ijtihad
