Western Front

Question 1

When and where did the battle for Hill 60 happen?

Answer 1

Ypres - 1915

Question 2

What happened at the battle for Hill 60?

Answer 2

Germans created 60m hill - fire down at Allies

Question 3

What was used for the 1st time at the battle for Hill 60?

Answer 3

poison gas - causing mass Allied casualities

Question 4

What were the conditions of the trenches at the Battle of Ypres? Why?

Answer 4

waterlogged & flooded - low lying ground

Question 5

How many Allied casualities were there at the Battle of the Somme? When?

Answer 5

100,000 - 1916

Question 6

How many tanks were used at Cambrai against the Germans? When?

Answer 6

450 - 1917

Question 7

What were the trenches made out of?

Answer 7

large banks earth supprtd. by wooden planks

Question 8

What type of injury was most common in the trenches? Why?

Answer 8

head was most exposed when stood up

Question 9

What percentages of time for soldiers were spent at which area of the trench?

Answer 9

15% - front line
10% - support
45% - comms.
30% - reserve

Question 10

How far away was the support trench from the front line?

Answer 10

10 - 20m

Question 11

How responsible were shrapnel & shells for wounds?

Answer 11

58%

Question 12

How far could rifles fire?

Answer 12

500m

Question 13

What was ‘gas gangrene’?

Answer 13

fired bullet enter solider’s body taking with it fabric of uniform covered in fertilised soil = infection

Question 14

How long did ‘gas gangrene’ take to spread and kill?

Answer 14

1 day

Question 15

When was chlorine gas first used? Who by?

Answer 15

1915 - Germans

Question 16

How many days could phosgene gas kill within?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What sort of injury did mustard gas cause?

Answer 17

internal & external blisters

Question 18

What was trench fever caused by?

Answer 18

greybacks dirty clothing

Question 19

What were the symptoms of trench fever?

Answer 19

shivering, pain & headachs.

Question 20

What was trench foot caused by?

Answer 20

standing constantly waterlogged trenches

Question 21

How was trench foot prevented?

Answer 21

changing socks 2x day

Question 22

What was NYD.N/shell shock?

Answer 22

‘not yet diagnosed nervousness’

Question 23

Why did NYD.N cause problems?

Answer 23

army commanders feared it’d spread

Question 24

How many recorded cases were there of shell shock?

Answer 24

80,000

Question 25

What was the order for the chain of evacuation?

Answer 25

- stretcher bearers - RAP - motor amblncs. - CCS - Hospital train - Base hospitals

Question 26

What did stretcher bearers do?

Answer 26

recover wounded & carried basic medical supplies eg. morphine

Question 27

What did the RAP do?

Answer 27

team of 30 orderlies & stretcher bearers per battalion

Question 28

What did the Motor ambulances?

Answer 28

seriously wounded -> to CCS

Question 29

What did the CCS do? How many casualities did they have at a time?

Answer 29

contained operating theatres, x rays, beds 1000

Question 30

What did the hospital train do?

Answer 30

from CCS -> base hospital

Question 31

What did the base hospital do?

Answer 31

held up to 2500 specialist units for gas victims

Question 32

Where were soliders sent after the chain of evacuation?

Answer 32

either sent to hospital Britain or front line

Question 33

What was the problem with plastic surgery during WW1?

Answer 33

facial wound from shrapnel = big risk infection

Question 34

What was the improvement with plastic surgery?

Answer 34

skin grafts & new techniques

Question 35

What was the impact of plastic surgery's improvements?

Answer 35

successful treatment & rehab

Question 36

What was the problem with brain surgery during WW1?

Answer 36

head injuries = common

Question 37

What was the improvement of brain surgery?

Answer 37

surgeons developed technique eg. using blood transfusions

Question 38

What was the impacts of brain surgery's improvement?

Answer 38

survival rate increased

Question 39

What did the RAMC do?

Answer 39

kept men healthy/ treated wounded

Question 40

How many soldiers had the RAMC looked after by 1918?

Answer 40

113,000

Question 41

What did the FANY do?

Answer 41

carried supplies to front line eg. food supplies

Question 42

Who were FANY?

Answer 42

First Aid Nursing Yeomanry - women who acted as ambulance drivers & nurses

Question 43

What was the problem with treating wounds and infections on the front line?

Answer 43

wounds = alrdy infected bc of time & mud

Question 44

What were the improvements around treating wounds and infections?

Answer 44

Carrel - Dakin method: tubes filled w antiseptic inserted -> wound

Question 45

What were the benefits of the Carrel-Dakin method?

Answer 45

stopped infection = reducd amputations

Question 46

What was the problem before mobile x ray machines?

Answer 46

bullets & shrapnel needed -> be located quickly

Question 47

How did mobile x ray machines improve medicine on the front line?

Answer 47

helped locate foreign objects quickly so surgeons could remove

Question 48

What were the benefits of mobile x ray machines?

Answer 48

reduce #( rates from infctn

Question 49

What were the problems to do with the storage of blood?

Answer 49

doctors = unsure how to store blood without it clotting

Question 50

How was the storage of blood improved?

Answer 50

Lewisohn added sodium citrate -> prevent clotting

Question 51

What were the benefits of the improved blood storage?

Answer 51

↑ blood trnsfsns = saved many lives