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GCSE History - Medicine & Western Front > Western Front > Flashcards

Western Front Flashcards

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1
Q

When and where did the battle for Hill 60 happen?

A

Ypres - 1915

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2
Q

What happened at the battle for Hill 60?

A

Germans created 60m hill - fire down at Allies

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3
Q

What was used for the 1st time at the battle for Hill 60?

A

poison gas - causing mass Allied casualities

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4
Q

What were the conditions of the trenches at the Battle of Ypres? Why?

A

waterlogged & flooded - low lying ground

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5
Q

How many Allied casualities were there at the Battle of the Somme? When?

A

100,000 - 1916

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6
Q

How many tanks were used at Cambrai against the Germans? When?

A

450 - 1917

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7
Q

What were the trenches made out of?

A

large banks earth supprtd. by wooden planks

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8
Q

What type of injury was most common in the trenches? Why?

A

head was most exposed when stood up

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9
Q

What percentages of time for soldiers were spent at which area of the trench?

A

15% - front line
10% - support
45% - comms.
30% - reserve

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10
Q

How far away was the support trench from the front line?

A

10 - 20m

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11
Q

How responsible were shrapnel & shells for wounds?

A

58%

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12
Q

How far could rifles fire?

A

500m

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13
Q

What was ‘gas gangrene’?

A

fired bullet enter solider’s body taking with it fabric of uniform covered in fertilised soil = infection

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14
Q

How long did ‘gas gangrene’ take to spread and kill?

A

1 day

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15
Q

When was chlorine gas first used? Who by?

A

1915 - Germans

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16
Q

How many days could phosgene gas kill within?

A

2

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17
Q

What sort of injury did mustard gas cause?

A

internal & external blisters

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18
Q

What was trench fever caused by?

A

greybacks dirty clothing

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19
Q

What were the symptoms of trench fever?

A

shivering, pain & headachs.

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20
Q

What was trench foot caused by?

A

standing constantly waterlogged trenches

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21
Q

How was trench foot prevented?

A

changing socks 2x day

22
Q

What was NYD.N/shell shock?

A

‘not yet diagnosed nervousness’

23
Q

Why did NYD.N cause problems?

A

army commanders feared it’d spread

24
Q

How many recorded cases were there of shell shock?

A

80,000

25
Q

What was the order for the chain of evacuation?

A
  • stretcher bearers
  • RAP
  • motor amblncs.
  • CCS
  • Hospital train
  • Base hospitals
26
Q

What did stretcher bearers do?

A

recover wounded & carried basic medical supplies eg. morphine

27
Q

What did the RAP do?

A

team of 30 orderlies & stretcher bearers per battalion

28
Q

What did the Motor ambulances?

A

seriously wounded -> to CCS

29
Q

What did the CCS do? How many casualities did they have at a time?

A

contained operating theatres, x rays, beds
1000

30
Q

What did the hospital train do?

A

from CCS -> base hospital

31
Q

What did the base hospital do?

A

held up to 2500
specialist units for gas victims

32
Q

Where were soliders sent after the chain of evacuation?

A

either sent to hospital Britain or front line

33
Q

What was the problem with plastic surgery during WW1?

A

facial wound from shrapnel = big risk infection

34
Q

What was the improvement with plastic surgery?

A

skin grafts & new techniques

35
Q

What was the impact of plastic surgery’s improvements?

A

successful treatment & rehab

36
Q

What was the problem with brain surgery during WW1?

A

head injuries = common

37
Q

What was the improvement of brain surgery?

A

surgeons developed technique eg. using blood transfusions

38
Q

What was the impacts of brain surgery’s improvement?

A

survival rate increased

39
Q

What did the RAMC do?

A

kept men healthy/ treated wounded

40
Q

How many soldiers had the RAMC looked after by 1918?

A

113,000

41
Q

What did the FANY do?

A

carried supplies to front line eg. food supplies

42
Q

Who were FANY?

A

First Aid Nursing Yeomanry - women who acted as ambulance drivers & nurses

43
Q

What was the problem with treating wounds and infections on the front line?

A

wounds = alrdy infected bc of time & mud

44
Q

What were the improvements around treating wounds and infections?

A

Carrel - Dakin method: tubes filled w antiseptic inserted -> wound

45
Q

What were the benefits of the Carrel-Dakin
method?

A

stopped infection = reducd amputations

46
Q

What was the problem before mobile x ray machines?

A

bullets & shrapnel needed -> be located quickly

47
Q

How did mobile x ray machines improve medicine on the front line?

A

helped locate foreign objects quickly so surgeons could remove

48
Q

What were the benefits of mobile x ray machines?

A

reduce #( rates from infctn

49
Q

What were the problems to do with the storage of blood?

A

doctors = unsure how to store blood without it clotting

50
Q

How was the storage of blood improved?

A

Lewisohn added sodium citrate -> prevent clotting

51
Q

What were the benefits of the improved blood storage?

A

↑ blood trnsfsns = saved many lives

GCSE History - Medicine & Western Front (5 decks)

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