18th & 19th Century Flashcards
What were the cause of disease beliefs?
- miasma
- spontans. genertn
- Germ theory
What was Germ Theory? Who was it invented by? When?
- idea germs caused disease
- Pasteur
- 1861
Who did the creator of Germ Theory influence? How?
Koch - used staining -> investigated which bacteria causes which disease -> vaccines
What vaccine did Koch create?
anthrax
When did Nightingale go the Crimean War? why?
1854 - improve hospital conditions
What were the hospitals in the Crimea like before Nightingale?
- unhygenic
- soliders lay on floor in pools of blood left to their infected wounds
What did Nightingale believe caused disease? How this mean Nightingale improved hospital conditions?
believed miasma
- fresh air
- clean water & sheets
By how much did Nightingale decrease death rates?
40% to 2%
Where did the rich go for healthcare?
paid physicians to treat @ home
Where did the working class go for healthcare? Why?
cottage hosptls. - free & local
Where did the poor go for healthcare? What was the downside to this?
workhouses - v run down
What were the problems with surgery before 1845?
v painful
What did Simpson discover to effective as an anaesthetic? When?
chloroform - 1847
What is one reason that some people were opposed to Simpson’s discovery? What was this called?
anaesthetic= longer & deeper operations
- Black Period Surgery
Why was it called the BPS?
infection = high #(
What is the second reason some people were opposed to Simpson’s discovery?
- pain childbirth was punishm. sent by God
-> sinful women
What was the problem with surgery before 1867?
high infection risk
What did Lister discover to be effective as an antiseptic? When?
carbolic acid - 1867
What device did Lister create to spray the antiseptic during surgery?
donkey engine
Why was Lister’s work criticised?
based off Germ Theory & people believed disease = spontaneous generation
What was the 1875 Public Health Act? Why was it created & by who?
government appointed medical officers - Chadwick’s report in public health, which connected :( lifestyles -> :( health
What other acts did the the Public Health Act consists of?
1864 Factory Act
1866 Sanitary Act
What was the 1866 Sanitary Act?
local authorities now responsible for sewers, H2o & street cleaning
What was Jenner’s theory?
if you injected people with cowpox = couldn’t catch smallpox
Who did Jenner test his theory on? When?
1796 - James Phipps & didn’t catch smallpox
Why was Jenner’s discovery significant?
led to the vaccination of other diseases eg. rabies
What was Snow’s discovery? Why did he believe this?
dirty water caused cholera - 1854 700 people died on Broad Street, using the same water pump
How did Snow prove his theory?
removed Broad Street’s water pump handle = no #(
Why did people disagree with Snow’s discovery?
blvd. disease csd. - miasma & sptns gnrtn
Why was Snow’s discovery significant?
reinfrcd. GT
