18th & 19th Century

Question 1

What were the cause of disease beliefs?

Answer 1

• miasma
• spontans. genertn
• Germ theory

Question 2

What was Germ Theory? Who was it invented by? When?

Answer 2

• idea germs caused disease
• Pasteur
• 1861

Question 3

Who did the creator of Germ Theory influence? How?

Answer 3

Koch - used staining -> investigated which bacteria causes which disease -> vaccines

Question 4

What vaccine did Koch create?

Answer 4

anthrax

Question 5

When did Nightingale go the Crimean War? why?

Answer 5

1854 - improve hospital conditions

Question 6

What were the hospitals in the Crimea like before Nightingale?

Answer 6

• unhygenic
• soliders lay on floor in pools of blood left to their infected wounds

Question 7

What did Nightingale believe caused disease? How this mean Nightingale improved hospital conditions?

Answer 7

believed miasma

• fresh air
• clean water & sheets

Question 8

By how much did Nightingale decrease death rates?

Answer 8

40% to 2%

Question 9

Where did the rich go for healthcare?

Answer 9

paid physicians to treat @ home

Question 10

Where did the working class go for healthcare? Why?

Answer 10

cottage hosptls. - free & local

Question 11

Where did the poor go for healthcare? What was the downside to this?

Answer 11

workhouses - v run down

Question 12

What were the problems with surgery before 1845?

Answer 12

v painful

Question 13

What did Simpson discover to effective as an anaesthetic? When?

Answer 13

chloroform - 1847

Question 14

What is one reason that some people were opposed to Simpson’s discovery? What was this called?

Answer 14

anaesthetic= longer & deeper operations
- Black Period Surgery

Question 15

Why was it called the BPS?

Answer 15

infection = high #(

Question 16

What is the second reason some people were opposed to Simpson’s discovery?

Answer 16

• pain childbirth was punishm. sent by God
  -> sinful women

Question 17

What was the problem with surgery before 1867?

Answer 17

high infection risk

Question 18

What did Lister discover to be effective as an antiseptic? When?

Answer 18

carbolic acid - 1867

Question 19

What device did Lister create to spray the antiseptic during surgery?

Answer 19

donkey engine

Question 20

Why was Lister’s work criticised?

Answer 20

based off Germ Theory & people believed disease = spontaneous generation

Question 21

What was the 1875 Public Health Act? Why was it created & by who?

Answer 21

government appointed medical officers - Chadwick’s report in public health, which connected :( lifestyles -> :( health

Question 22

What other acts did the the Public Health Act consists of?

Answer 22

1864 Factory Act
1866 Sanitary Act

Question 23

What was the 1866 Sanitary Act?

Answer 23

local authorities now responsible for sewers, H2o & street cleaning

Question 24

What was Jenner’s theory?

Answer 24

if you injected people with cowpox = couldn’t catch smallpox

Question 25

Who did Jenner test his theory on? When?

Answer 25

1796 - James Phipps & didn’t catch smallpox

Question 26

Why was Jenner’s discovery significant?

Answer 26

led to the vaccination of other diseases eg. rabies

Question 27

What was Snow’s discovery? Why did he believe this?

Answer 27

dirty water caused cholera - 1854 700 people died on Broad Street, using the same water pump

Question 28

How did Snow prove his theory?

Answer 28

removed Broad Street’s water pump handle = no #(

Question 29

Why did people disagree with Snow’s discovery?

Answer 29

blvd. disease csd. - miasma & sptns gnrtn

Question 30

Why was Snow’s discovery significant?

Answer 30

reinfrcd. GT