Western Europe (Early Middle Ages) Flashcards
How did the Roman Catholic Church influence Western Europe?
- As Roman Empire fell, the church grew in influence
- Monks served the needs of the people
- Missionaries spread Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes
- Parish priests served religious and social needs of people
What dates are in the early Middle Ages?
500-1500 CE
What were the roots of the foundations in the Middle Ages?
- Classical heritage of Rome
- Christian beliefs
- Customs of Germanic tribes
What was the function of monasteries in medieval Europe?
Served religious and social needs
What are the religious needs monks in monasteries served?
Baptisms
Confessions
Sacraments(communion)
Last rites
What were the social needs monks served?
Weddings and marriages Educated people (crops) Educated young boys Grew herbs for medicinal purposes Used churches as hospitals Inns for travelers
What blended with the heritage of Romanians Christian beliefs to form the foundations of early medieval society?
Germanic traditions
After the fall of the Roman empire what institution grew in importance and power and held the most influence over the lives of the people of medieval Europe?
The Roman Catholic Church and the monasteries thereof
Why did feudal society develop in Western Europe?
In response to the Germanic invaders
What were the characteristics of most manors during the early Middle Ages?
Self sufficient
Rigid class structure
Reciprocal relationship
(Economic)
What was the peasant called it was bound to work on a manner called but I would obligations and allegiance?
A serf
What was the name of the economic small state in which people lived and worked in the middle ages?
A manor
What was the land given to a vassal in exchange for loyalty during the middle ages known as?
A fief
What if a vassal?
Someone under the king who is granted land, of noble birth
What was the title of the head of the Roman Catholic Church?
The pope
What peoples invited both western Europe and Russia by boat?
The Vikings
Where did the Vikings come from?
Scandinavia: Denmark Sweden Norway Finland
What is the significance of the battle of tours?
It stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe.
What year was the battle of tours fought?
732
What help to make Vikings attacks more effective in what area did they originate from?
They can travel along shallow waterways in their longboats and make it far inland by that method of transportation.
They originated from Scandinavia
What invaders from the Central Asian steps eventually settled in the modern country of Hungary?
The Magyars.
Origin and destination of Magyars
Origin: Central Asia
Destination: Hungary
Angles and the Saxons were invaders to eventually moved from continental Europe to this Island
England ( and Scotland)
Slater revived much of the Roman traditions after the pope crowned him emperor in 800 CE
Holy roman emperor Charlemagne
When was Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor, and by whom?
Charlemagne was crowned in 800 CE by Pope Leo the third
Clovis, Charles Martel and Charlemagne were all from this group
franks
What are consequences of the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Disruption of Trade: merchants can’t trade because of invasions
Downfall of Cities: people abandon cities
Population Shifts: populations becomes mostly rural
This monk established guidelines for how monks should conduct themselves
Saint Benedict
Clovis
Founder of the Frankish state, Congers most of France and Belgium, converts territories to western Catholic Christianity
Who is Pope Gregory
Why didn’t the golf between East and West churches. Converts England to Christianity, challenged by vikings
Pepin of heristal
Father of Charles Martel. Merovingian dynasty. Unite Frankish territories, succeeded by son who forms alliance with the church
Charles Martel
Wins battle of tors and 730 to see against Umayyad Muslims.
Leo the isaurian
Defeats the Arab forces and reconquers most of Asia minor 717 Ce
Venerable Bede
A Benedict time scholar, writes a history book the history of the English church and people, best historical writing of medieval theory
Charlemagne
Son of Pepin the short, in the Carolinian dynasty.
Empire: Central Europe, northern Italy, Central Italy , and Frankish land
Brought about Carolingian Renaissance
What is the Carolinian renaissance?
ReBirth of Greco-Roman culture by Charlemagne
Alcuin of York
Director of Carolinian renaissance, he set up schools and copied text and helped bring about the restoration of Greco-Roman culture
Alfred the great
England, sets up a government and education system allowing for unification of area, codified English law, Army, education etc.
What are the three things Charlemagne just did to revive Greco-Roman culture?
Build churches, the roads, and schools for everyone
Define nationalism
The rise of Nation states
What is primogeniture?
When the firstborn son inherits
What are the romance languages?
French
Spanish
Portuguese
Italian
What religion were the Moore’s and where were they located? Where they defeated by Charlemagne?
Moors were in Africa, they were Islamic. They were defeated by Charles Martel in the battle of tours in 732
What are the social classes of feudal society in order?
Kings, nobles/ church, Knights, free peasants, serfs (tied to land)
Feudalism is a (n)____________ (political, economic, or religious) system
Social (manorialism is economic)
How much time was expected of nights and foot soldiers for military service?
40 days of mounted combat each year for Knights
Who served religious and social needs of the people for the church? Give examples
Monks in monasteries and parish priests Social: Marriages, taught people how to grow crops, educated young boys, turned churches into hospitals, grew herbs for medicinal purposes, opened in a for travelers Religious: Sacrament(communion) Baptisms Last rites Confession
Define secular
Worldly; not religious
Where were Roman culture, language, and learning preserved?
In monasteries (by monks)
Who sang romantic love songs to entertain the nobles?
Troubadours
What did the code of chivalry expect of the knight?
Required the night to be brave, loyal, trustworthy, to fight fairly and to be generous to one’s enemies. It required they treat captured nights well and release for ransom and to protect and cherish women. He I just loyalty to his liege and the lady of the manor
What is the treaty of Verdun?
Made by charlemange’s 3 sons, divided the Carolingian empire into 3 parts
