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World History I > Islamic Civilization > Flashcards

Islamic Civilization Flashcards

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0
Q

Who was Muhammad?

A

Muslims believe that he was the final prophet and founder of Islam

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1
Q

Name of Islamic God

A

Allah

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2
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A 
Faith
Prayer
Alms
Fasting
Pilgrimage (the hajj)
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3
Q

What was the Hijrah?

A

When Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca and go to medina/ yathrib.

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4
Q

What are the holy writings of Islam?

A

The Qur’an

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5
Q

Sunna

A

The example of Muhammad (standards of righteous living)

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6
Q

Shari’a

A

Islam law. “The way”

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7
Q

What were the 5 ways Islam spread?

A
  1. Arabic language
  2. Trade
  3. Islam fills the void of weakened Sassanid and Byzantine empires
  4. Conquest by the rightly guided caliphs
  5. Overcame barriers
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8
Q

What two groups fought at the battle of tours?

A

Moors (Muslims) and Francs

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9
Q

Who led the francs in the battle of tours?

A

Charles Martel

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10
Q

When was the battle of tours?

A

732 CE

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11
Q

When did the Umayyad empire fall?

A

750 CE

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12
Q

When did the Abbasid empire fall and to whom?

A

They fell in 1258 to the Mongols

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13
Q

What are the 3 things Abbasids imposed upon women?

A

Veiling
Harem
Cloistering

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14
Q

How did the Umayyad caliphate fall?

A

To the Abbasids in 750. They believed that the Umayyads were living too lavishly and they made Dhimmies pay extra taxes and they didn’t want them to convert to Islam. Abbasids wipe out the ruling Umayyads except one who moves to al-Andalus and begins a Umayyad caliphate

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15
Q

Sufi

A

Muslims who try to achieve direct contact with Allah

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16
Q

Fatimid dynasty

A

Member of a Muslim dynasty that traces its ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima. They are located primarily in Egypt

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17
Q

What Kind of govt does the Abbasid dynasty have? And how did it come about?1

A

Since Persia was in their territory, the Abbasids adopted the bureaucracy

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18
Q

Jihad

A

“Armed struggle against unbelievers” used to expand Islam

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19
Q

Where did the empire of the Umayyads extend to in 750?

A

From the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River

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20
Q

What were the 4 reasons for the rightly guided caliphs success?

A
  1. Well disciplined armies
  2. Byzantine and Sassanid (Persian) empires weak from conflict
  3. Persecuted citizens of these empires welcomed Islam
  4. People (women and Hindus) attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope
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21
Q

How did Muslims treat conquered people? Why?

A

Qur’an requires Muslims to treat others peacefully

Muslims got along with other monotheistic religions because they believe we all share the same God

“People of the Book”- Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians and later Hindus

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22
Q

Which side of the “split” was the majority?

A

The Sunni

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23
Q

Name the rightly guided caliphs

A

Abu- Bakar
Umar
Uthman
Ali

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24
Q

What caused the split between Sunni and shi’a?

A

After Ali was assassinated, the elective system of choosing a caliph ended. The Shiites said the successor had to be a relative to Muhammad.
The Sunni said that any Muslim could be caliph

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25
Q

Sunni vs Shi’a

A 
Shia
-minority
- caliph must be related to Muhammad 
- believed Umayyads were too rich
- believe ali should have succeeded Muhammad 
-ONLY beliEve Qur'an 
Sunni
- majority
"Followers of Muhammad"
- believed you didn't need to be related to Muhammad 
- 1st four rightly guided caliphs were good 
- follow Sunna and therefore shari'a law
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26
Q

What was the affect of the battle of tours?

A

Expansion into Europe by Muslims was stopped. (Turning point)

27
Q

What unified the Umayyads?

A
  • a bureaucracy
  • common currency
  • made Arabic the official language
28
Q

Where did Islam spread during Muhammad’s lifetime?

A

Around the Arabian peninsula

29
Q

What are the 3 holiest cities in order?

A
  1. Mecca
  2. Medina
  3. Jerusalem
30
Q

Where was the battle of tours fought?

A

Tours, France

31
Q

Capital of Umayyad dynasty’s?

A

Damascus

32
Q

Capital during Abbasid caliphate?

A

Baghdad

33
Q

Quarantine

A

Ibn Sina

34
Q

Pharmacology

A

Al- Biruni

35
Q

Treatment of smallpox and measles and vaccinations

A

Al- Razi

36
Q

Ophthalmology

A

Huyan ibn ishaq

37
Q

Al- idrisi

A

Greatest cartographer

38
Q

Greatest cartographer

A

Al- Idrisi

39
Q

What is “1001 nights”

A

A collection of parables fairytales legends folk tales etc, complied over the course of 500 years+

40
Q

Poet

A

Omar kayyam

41
Q

Jabir Ibn Haiyan

A

Father of Chemistry

42
Q

Father of Chemistry

A

Jabir Ibn Haiyan

43
Q

Al Sufi

A

Little cloud/ andromeda Galaxy which influenced European astronomy

44
Q

Al- Zarquali

A

Astrolabe

45
Q

During the Abbasids what did observatories impact?

A

The theories of Ptolemy and Aristotle who believed in the geocentric model

46
Q

Two contributions in math?

A

Algebra- al khwarizimi

Arabic numerals: borrowed concept of zero from India and made trade more convenient

47
Q

Dome of the rock in Jerusalem

A

-Greco roman architecture influences
Built during Umayyad time

Christians: believe this is where Abraham almost sacrificed Jacob

Muslims: believe this is where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

48
Q

How did Arabs preserve culture

?

A

Ancient Greek and Roman texts were preserved by translation into her back in the house of wisdom

49
Q

Arabs were the first to build____________

A

True academies of learning, Open to everyone

50
Q

Where was the house of wisdom?

A

Baghdad

51
Q

Córdoba- where is it?

A

Al Andalus in Spain

It had a mix of Christians jews Zoroastrians and Hindus (who were accepted after Muhammad)

52
Q

Why did people do calligraphy?

A

Because only Allah apparently can create images of living things

53
Q

When the Abbasids move the capital to Baghdad, what does it become?

A

The center of the arab world

54
Q

Were the shi’a majority or minority?

A

Minority

55
Q

Who did the Abbasids allow in the government?

A

Everyone And anyone

56
Q

Where do the Umayyads conquer?

A

All of North Africa, Iberian peninsula (Spain) and Central Asia

57
Q

Hijrah

A
  • Muhammad forced to leave Mecca because he was driven out by people who didn’t like his monotheistic teachings
  • Muhammad fled to medina where he attracted followers. He became a religious, political, and military leader.
  • he and his followers went back to Mecca, destroyed the idols in the ka’aba
58
Q

Ulama

A

The scholar class, apply religion to life

59
Q

Did Islam have priests?

A

No

60
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

” submission to the will of Allah”

61
Q

What does Muslim mean?

A

One who has submitted

62
Q

Ka’aba

A

Ancient shrine in Mecca

63
Q

What is the hajj?

A

A pilgrimage to Mecca Muslims must make once in their lifetime. One of the 5 pillars of Islam

64
Q

What are alms

A

Alms are giving money items or service to the poor

World History I (11 decks)

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