Islamic Civilization

Question 0

Who was Muhammad?

Answer 0

Muslims believe that he was the final prophet and founder of Islam

Question 1

Name of Islamic God

Answer 1

Allah

Question 2

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

Answer 2

Faith
Prayer
Alms
Fasting
Pilgrimage (the hajj)

Question 3

What was the Hijrah?

Answer 3

When Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca and go to medina/ yathrib.

Question 4

What are the holy writings of Islam?

Answer 4

The Qur’an

Question 5

Sunna

Answer 5

The example of Muhammad (standards of righteous living)

Question 6

Shari’a

Answer 6

Islam law. “The way”

Question 7

What were the 5 ways Islam spread?

Answer 7

1. Arabic language
2. Trade
3. Islam fills the void of weakened Sassanid and Byzantine empires
4. Conquest by the rightly guided caliphs
5. Overcame barriers

Question 8

What two groups fought at the battle of tours?

Answer 8

Moors (Muslims) and Francs

Question 9

Who led the francs in the battle of tours?

Answer 9

Charles Martel

Question 10

When was the battle of tours?

Answer 10

732 CE

Question 11

When did the Umayyad empire fall?

Answer 11

750 CE

Question 12

When did the Abbasid empire fall and to whom?

Answer 12

They fell in 1258 to the Mongols

Question 13

What are the 3 things Abbasids imposed upon women?

Answer 13

Veiling
Harem
Cloistering

Question 14

How did the Umayyad caliphate fall?

Answer 14

To the Abbasids in 750. They believed that the Umayyads were living too lavishly and they made Dhimmies pay extra taxes and they didn’t want them to convert to Islam. Abbasids wipe out the ruling Umayyads except one who moves to al-Andalus and begins a Umayyad caliphate

Question 15

Sufi

Answer 15

Muslims who try to achieve direct contact with Allah

Question 16

Fatimid dynasty

Answer 16

Member of a Muslim dynasty that traces its ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima. They are located primarily in Egypt

Question 17

What Kind of govt does the Abbasid dynasty have? And how did it come about?1

Answer 17

Since Persia was in their territory, the Abbasids adopted the bureaucracy

Question 18

Jihad

Answer 18

“Armed struggle against unbelievers” used to expand Islam

Question 19

Where did the empire of the Umayyads extend to in 750?

Answer 19

From the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River

Question 20

What were the 4 reasons for the rightly guided caliphs success?

Answer 20

1. Well disciplined armies
2. Byzantine and Sassanid (Persian) empires weak from conflict
3. Persecuted citizens of these empires welcomed Islam
4. People (women and Hindus) attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope

Question 21

How did Muslims treat conquered people? Why?

Answer 21

Qur’an requires Muslims to treat others peacefully

Muslims got along with other monotheistic religions because they believe we all share the same God

“People of the Book”- Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians and later Hindus

Question 22

Which side of the “split” was the majority?

Answer 22

The Sunni

Question 23

Name the rightly guided caliphs

Answer 23

Abu- Bakar
Umar
Uthman
Ali

Question 24

What caused the split between Sunni and shi'a?

Answer 24

After Ali was assassinated, the elective system of choosing a caliph ended. The Shiites said the successor had to be a relative to Muhammad. The Sunni said that any Muslim could be caliph

Question 25

Sunni vs Shi'a

Answer 25

``` Shia -minority - caliph must be related to Muhammad - believed Umayyads were too rich - believe ali should have succeeded Muhammad -ONLY beliEve Qur'an Sunni - majority "Followers of Muhammad" - believed you didn't need to be related to Muhammad - 1st four rightly guided caliphs were good - follow Sunna and therefore shari'a law ```

Question 26

What was the affect of the battle of tours?

Answer 26

Expansion into Europe by Muslims was stopped. (Turning point)

Question 27

What unified the Umayyads?

Answer 27

- a bureaucracy - common currency - made Arabic the official language

Question 28

Where did Islam spread during Muhammad's lifetime?

Answer 28

Around the Arabian peninsula

Question 29

What are the 3 holiest cities in order?

Answer 29

1. Mecca 2. Medina 3. Jerusalem

Question 30

Where was the battle of tours fought?

Answer 30

Tours, France

Question 31

Capital of Umayyad dynasty's?

Answer 31

Damascus

Question 32

Capital during Abbasid caliphate?

Answer 32

Baghdad

Question 33

Quarantine

Answer 33

Ibn Sina

Question 34

Pharmacology

Answer 34

Al- Biruni

Question 35

Treatment of smallpox and measles and vaccinations

Answer 35

Al- Razi

Question 36

Ophthalmology

Answer 36

Huyan ibn ishaq

Question 37

Al- idrisi

Answer 37

Greatest cartographer

Question 38

Greatest cartographer

Answer 38

Al- Idrisi

Question 39

What is "1001 nights"

Answer 39

A collection of parables fairytales legends folk tales etc, complied over the course of 500 years+

Question 40

Poet

Answer 40

Omar kayyam

Question 41

Jabir Ibn Haiyan

Answer 41

Father of Chemistry

Question 42

Father of Chemistry

Answer 42

Jabir Ibn Haiyan

Question 43

Al Sufi

Answer 43

Little cloud/ andromeda Galaxy which influenced European astronomy

Question 44

Al- Zarquali

Answer 44

Astrolabe

Question 45

During the Abbasids what did observatories impact?

Answer 45

The theories of Ptolemy and Aristotle who believed in the geocentric model

Question 46

Two contributions in math?

Answer 46

Algebra- al khwarizimi Arabic numerals: borrowed concept of zero from India and made trade more convenient

Question 47

Dome of the rock in Jerusalem

Answer 47

-Greco roman architecture influences Built during Umayyad time Christians: believe this is where Abraham almost sacrificed Jacob Muslims: believe this is where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Question 48

How did Arabs preserve culture | ?

Answer 48

Ancient Greek and Roman texts were preserved by translation into her back in the house of wisdom

Question 49

Arabs were the first to build____________

Answer 49

True academies of learning, Open to everyone

Question 50

Where was the house of wisdom?

Answer 50

Baghdad

Question 51

Córdoba- where is it?

Answer 51

Al Andalus in Spain | It had a mix of Christians jews Zoroastrians and Hindus (who were accepted after Muhammad)

Question 52

Why did people do calligraphy?

Answer 52

Because only Allah apparently can create images of living things

Question 53

When the Abbasids move the capital to Baghdad, what does it become?

Answer 53

The center of the arab world

Question 54

Were the shi'a majority or minority?

Answer 54

Minority

Question 55

Who did the Abbasids allow in the government?

Answer 55

Everyone And anyone

Question 56

Where do the Umayyads conquer?

Answer 56

All of North Africa, Iberian peninsula (Spain) and Central Asia

Question 57

Hijrah

Answer 57

- Muhammad forced to leave Mecca because he was driven out by people who didn't like his monotheistic teachings - Muhammad fled to medina where he attracted followers. He became a religious, political, and military leader. - he and his followers went back to Mecca, destroyed the idols in the ka'aba

Question 58

Ulama

Answer 58

The scholar class, apply religion to life

Question 59

Did Islam have priests?

Answer 59

No

Question 60

What does Islam mean?

Answer 60

" submission to the will of Allah"

Question 61

What does Muslim mean?

Answer 61

One who has submitted

Question 62

Ka'aba

Answer 62

Ancient shrine in Mecca

Question 63

What is the hajj?

Answer 63

A pilgrimage to Mecca Muslims must make once in their lifetime. One of the 5 pillars of Islam

Question 64

What are alms

Answer 64

Alms are giving money items or service to the poor