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Australia > Western Australia > Flashcards

Western Australia Flashcards

1
Q

Year vineyards were 1st planted in Western Australia

A

1829

  • Planted by Thomas Waters in Swan Valley
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2
Q

Who planted Western Australia’s 1st vineyards?; where and when?

A
  • Thomas Waters
  • Swan Valley
  • 1829
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3
Q

Western Australia

Zones

A
  • South West Australia
  • Greater Perth

(CWA, WASEC, EP-I-NoWA)

  • Central Western Australia
  • West Australian South East Coastal
  • Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
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4
Q

Greater Perth

Regions and Subregions

A
  • Peel
  • Perth Hills
  • Swan District
    • Swan Valley (sub)
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5
Q

South West Australia Zone

Regions

A
  • Margaret River GI
  • Geographe GI
  • Blackwood Valley GI
  • Manjimup GI
  • Pemberton GI
  • Great Southern GI
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6
Q

Hottest GI in Australia

A

Swan Valley

  • w/in Swan District of Greater Perth
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7
Q

Western Australia

Main Region GI

Major styles of wine

A

Margaret River

  • Red Bordeaux blends
  • White Bordeaux blends and Chardonnay
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8
Q

Swan District

Subregion

A

Swan Valley

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9
Q

Western Australia

Two oldest wineries

A
  • Houghton, 1836
  • Sandalford, 1840
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10
Q

Great Southern

5 Subregions

A
  • Frankland River
  • Mount Barker
  • Porongurup
  • Albany
  • Denmark
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11
Q

Margaret River

Climate

A

Maritime

  • Compared to Bordeaux
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12
Q

Gladstone line

  • Longitude
  • Natural Feature
A
  • 115 18’E
  • Whicher Range
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13
Q

Year John Gladstones proposed subzones for Margaret River

A

1999

  • Catalogued by drainage direction of various rivers and creeks, which corresponds to the direction of airflow
  • Soils were not a consideraton
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14
Q

Margaret River

Unofficial Subzones

A

N ot S

  • Yallingup
  • Carbunup
  • Willyabrup
  • Treeton
  • Wallcliffe
  • Karridale
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15
Q

“First Five” producers and related Subzones

A
  • Vasse Felix, Cullen, Moss Wood
    • Willyabrup
  • Leeuwin Estate, Cape Mentelle
    • Wallcliffe
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16
Q

Gingin clone

A

Gingin clone

  • Chardonnay clone popular in Margaret River
  • Known elsewhere as Mendoza
  • Prone to millerendage
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17
Q

Margaret River

1st Winery

Inaugural Vintage and Wine

A

Vasse Felix

  • Founded by Dr. Tom Cullity
  • 1971 Riesling
  • 1st red was 1972 Cabernet Sauvignon-Malbec
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18
Q

Margaret River

2 Capes

A
  • Cape Naturaliste (N)
  • Cape Leeuwin (S)
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19
Q

Margaret River

Major Natural Features

A
  • Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge
    • Rolling hills running N to S, from Cape Naturaliste to Augusta (Cape Leeuwin)
  • Geographe Bay (N)
  • Indian Ocean (W)
  • Southern Ocean (S)
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20
Q

Margaret River

Soils

A

Gravelly or gritty sandy loam, over granite and gness

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21
Q

What is the hottest GI in Australia?

A

Swan Valley in Greater Perth

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22
Q

What is the most famous GI in Western Australia, and what is it known for?

A

Margaret River

Red Bordeaux-style blends, white Bordeaux-style blends, and Chardonnay

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23
Q

What are the zones of Western Australia?

A 
Greater Perth
Central Western Australia
South West Australia
West Australian South East Coastal
Eastern Plains
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24
Q

What are the 3 regions of Greater Perth?

A

Swan District
Perth Hills
Peel

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25
Q

What is the subregion of Swan District?

A

Swan Valley

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26
Q

When were the first vineyards planted in Western Australia, and where? What are two of the oldest wineries?

A

1829, Planted by Thomas Waters in Swan Valley
Houghton (1836), and Sandalford (1840)

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27
Q

What are the 6 regions of South West Australia?

A 
Geographe
Margaret River
Blackwood Valley
Manjimup
Pemberton
Great Southern
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28
Q

What are the 5 subregions of Great Southern?

A 
Frankland River
Mount Barker
Porongurup 
Albany
Denmark 
(clockwise from top left)
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29
Q

What major European wine region can Margaret River be compared to?

A

Bordeaux

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30
Q

What longitudinal parallel does Gladstones line follow? What natural feature runs along it?

A

115º 18’E

Whicher Range

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31
Q

When did John Gladstones proposed subzones for Margaret River? What were the divisions based on?

A

1999
Catalogued by drainage direction of the various rivers and creeks, which also corresponds to the direction of airflow. Soils were not a consideration

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32
Q

What are the unofficial subzones of Margaret River?

A 
(north to south)
Yallingup, Carbunup
Wilyabrup, Treeton
Wallcliffe
Karridale
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33
Q

How are the “first five” producers distributed amongst the subzones?

A

Wilyabrup: Vasse Felix, Cullen, Moss Wood
Wallcliffe: Leeuwin Estate, Cape Mentelle

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34
Q

What is the Gingin clone?

A

The chardonnay clone popular in Margaret River, known elsewhere as Mendoza. Prone to millerandage.

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35
Q

What was the first winery in Margaret River, and what was the inaugural vintage and wine?

A

Vasse Felix, founded by Dr. Tom Cullity
1971 Riesling
First red was 1972 Cabernet Sauvignon-Malbec

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36
Q

What are the two capes of Margaret River?

A 
Cape Naturaliste (north)
Cape Leeuwin (south)
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37
Q

Margaret River: Major natural features

A 
Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge, rolling hills running north south from Cape Naturaliste to Augusta (Cape Leeuwin)
Geographe Bay (north)
Indian Ocean (west)
Southern Ocean (south)
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38
Q

Margaret River: Soils

A

Gravelly or gritty sandy loam over granite and gneiss

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39
Q

Who is Jack Mann?

A

Winemaker at Houghton for five decades, an early and vocal proponent of Western Australia and in particular Great Southern.

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40
Q

Geographe: unofficial subregions

A

Harvey: northerly, coastal; relatively warm climate moderated by the ocean
Capel-Busselton: southerly, very maritime, similar climate to Margaret River but richer soils
Donnybrook: inland, cut off from the coast by the Whicher and Darling ranges, continental, large diurnal shift (think Rutherglen)
Ferguson Valley: North of Donnybrook, also on the inland side of the Darling Range

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41
Q

Geographe: Key Producers

A

Capel Vale, Willow Bridge Estate

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42
Q

Geographe: major natural features

A

Indian Ocean

Whicher and Darling Ranges

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43
Q

What is the stylistic focus of Geographe?

A

Historically red table wine, but whites (SSB) have been gaining ground as they gain popularity in Margaret River

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44
Q

What is karri loam? And what is marri loam?

A

Karri loam is a fertile red soil found in Pemberton and Porongurup
Marri loam is a poor, gravelly loam found in Mount Barker
Both are named for the species of Eucalypt that they support.

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45
Q

How does the climate change as one moves from Geographe to Blackwood Valley to Pemberton to Manjimup?

A

The climate grows steadily more continental

46
Q

Pemberton: major natural features

A

Warren and Donnelly Rivers

47
Q

Manjimup: major natural features

A

Warren River Valley

48
Q

Blackwood Valley: unofficial subzones

A

(west to east)
Nannup
Bridgetown
Boyup Brook

49
Q

Great Southern: Climate and Grape Distribution

A

Albany and Denmark: coastal, moderated by cool ocean breezes, minimal diurnal shift, focused on Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Porongurup and Mount Barker: inland, more continental, warmer, focused on Riesling and Shiraz

50
Q

Porongurup is named for which geographical feature?

A

the Porongurup Ranges

51
Q

Mount Barker: major natural features

A 
Plantagenet Plateau (central)
Mount Barker Hill (west)
52
Q

What are the soils and major grapes of Frankland River?

A

Red soils derived from granite and gneiss

Riesling, Shiraz, Cabernet

53
Q

Peel is shared between what two zones?

A

Greater Perth and Central Western Australia
Halliday speculates the boundaries were extended to the east to take in additional acreage to fulfill the legal minimums.

54
Q

What is the climate of Swan Valley, and why did it originally rise to prominence?

A

It is a flat alluvial plain with deep, fertile, well-draining soils, and a very hot climate, making grapes ripen easily and early. Therefore, ideal for the production of bulk and fortified wines, which were sold locally to the large Yugoslav population (and sometimes exported).

55
Q

What is the mountain range that runs down the center of Greater Perth?

A

the Darling Range, running down into Geographe

56
Q

Compare the climates of the three GI’s within Greater Perth

A

Swan District: hot (especially in the Swan Valley sub region) and dry, very flat
Perth Hills: also very hot and dry, but moderated by elevation and slope
Peel: heavily influenced by the Indian ocean, Mediterranean.

57
Q

When was the Commonwealth of Australia created? Why is it important?

A

1901 - Brought relaxed interstate trade barriers

58
Q

Important cities in Australia:

A

Western Australia - Perth
South Australia - Adelaide
Victoria - Melbourne
NSW - Sydney
Queensland - Brisbane

59
Q

What are the six states of wine production in Australia?

A

Western Australia
South Australia
Victoria
New South Wales
Queensland
Northern Territory

60
Q

Body of water between Australia and New Zealand?

A

Tasman Sea

61
Q

What is the body of water between Australia and Tasmania?

A

Bass Strait

62
Q

What are the wines Zones of Western Australia?

A
  • Central Western Australia
  • Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
  • Greater Perth
  • South West Australia
  • West Australia South East Coastal
63
Q

Explain the Australia zone “nesting doll”:

A

Australia
Super Zones
States
Wine Zones
Districts
Sub-Districts

64
Q

What is the sole winery of the West Australia South East Coastal Zone?

A

Dalyup River at Esperance

65
Q

What is Margaret River’s climate?

A

maritime mediterranean

66
Q

Wineries in the South West Australia Zone?

A

Kerrigan & Berry (riesling and cab)
Larry Chernbino Wines
Snake & Herring

67
Q

Is chapitalization allowed in Australia?

A

No

68
Q

What is the “Label Integrity Program”

A
  • introduced for the 1990 vintage
  • wines labelled varietally must be 85% of grape/year/region
  • if multiple varieties, must be listed by proportion
  • all proportions making up 85% must appear on the label
  • no-listed grape variety may be in lower proportion than an unnamed variety
69
Q

Wine Law:

A
  • Geographical Indications
  • listed on the Register of Protected Names
  • purely geographic in scope
  • appellations and divided into: Zone, Regions, Sub-Regions
70
Q

Regions and Sub-Regions are defined as:

A

As single tracts of land, compromising:
- 5 independently-owned vineyards
- of at least 5ha a piece
- with a min output of 500 tons of wine grapes annually

71
Q

What are the five sub-regions of the Great Southern GI?

A

Mount Barker (cool-climate Riesling, Shiraz, Cab)
Frankland River
Albany
Porongurup
Denmark

72
Q

Great Southern GI - Mount Barker: Wineries

A

Forest Hill
Plantagenet

73
Q

What varietals are most prominent in Mount Barker and Porongurup?

A

Riesling & Shiraz

74
Q

What varietals are Albany and Denmark known for?

A

Pinot & Chard

75
Q

Where are most of WA’s vines located?

A

85% located in South West Zone: Margaret River and Great Southern

76
Q

Most important producer of Geographe GI (South West):

A

Capel Vale - Planted regions first vines in 1974

77
Q

Geographe GI: 4 distinct areas

A

Donnybrook
Ferguson Valley
Harvey
Capel - Busselton Coastline

78
Q

What are the GI’s of the Great Perth Zone?

A

Peel
Perth Hills
Swan District
Swan Valley

79
Q

What are the GI’s of the South Western Australia Zone?

A

Geographe
Margaret River
Blackwood Valley
Monjimup
Peberton
Great Southern

80
Q

What is WA’s most acclaimed region?

A

Margaret River GI - Chard, Semillon, SB, Cab Sauv, Bordeaux Blends

81
Q

Soil of Margaret RIver?

A

“World’s Oldest”
Deep, well-drained, red gravelly loam over clay

82
Q

What latitude is “Gladstone’s Line”?

A

115 degrees
18 E
Established the appellation’s eastern border

83
Q

Margaret River GI: Top Producers

A

Cullen
Vasse Felix
Leeuwin Estate
Cape Mentelle

84
Q

What does the Margaret River flow into?

A

The Indian Ocean

85
Q

What are the six unofficial subzones of Margaret River GI?

A

Yallingup
Wilynbrup
Wallcliffe
Karridale
Carbunup
Treeton

86
Q

Where do we find three producers of the “first five”?

A

Wilyabrup - heart of the appellation
1. Vasse Felix
2. Culle
3. Moss Wood

87
Q

Where are the other two of the “first five” located?

A

Wallcliffe - cooler subzone, follows Margaret River
1. Leeuwin Estate
2. Cape Mentelle

88
Q

What are the three wineries that make up The Golden Triangle?

A

Leeuwin Estate
Cape Mentelle
Voyager Estate
- within Wallcliffe, home to top Australian Chardonnay

89
Q

What is the Chardonnay bio-type planted in Margaret River?

A

Gingin Clone (Mendoza Clone)
- base for region’s classic style, rich phenolic wines framed with tart acidity, accented by flavors of peach and lime
- new oak is prominent but handled with finesse
- flinty, sulfite-driven character

90
Q

Margaret River is known for _____

A
  • Premium Cabernet, pre-phylloxera cuttings from Cape of Good Hope “Houghton Selections”
  • Chardonnay
  • SB Semillon Blends - engine room
91
Q

What does Stella Bella make?

A

High-quality oak-driven SBS blends with Graves-like character, a style introduced by Margaret Rive veteran Stuart PYM (worked at Dom de la Chevalier)

92
Q

Margaret River: Wineries

A

Vasse Felix (1967)
Moss Wood (1969)
Cape Mentelle (1970)
Cullen (1971)
Sandalford (1972)
Leeuwin Estate
Woodlands
Wrights

93
Q

Margaret River: Geographical features

A

Leeuwin Naturaliste Ridge: runs down the middles of the region, connects Cape Mentelle in the north and Cape Leeuwin in the south
- ridge is granite bedrock, 150-600 million years old, has created gneiss, schist, granite-based soils, super old, creates low-vigor vineyards

94
Q

Margaret River Cabernet:

A

Excellent quality, medium-bodied, perfumed, elegant in style, fine tannins, crisp acid
- based off heritage clones like “Houghton”
- low crops, small berries

95
Q

Margaret River: Chardonnay

A

Concentrated, refined, savory complex, fermented in French oak. Layered textures from maturation on the lees, based on heritage “Gingin” clone, low crops, tiny berries, hens and chicks, intense fruit concentration, mineral, high acid
- Mandarin, grapefuit, peach, lime, gunflint, nougat

96
Q

Margaret River: SBS Blends

A

Lively, fresh, citrus-driven, barrel-fermented. Weight, concentration, great w/ nearby seafood
- Gooseberry, lime, lemon curd

97
Q

Margaret River: Shiraz

A

Second-most planted variety, full-bodied, perfumed, fruit-driven, ample forest fruit
- Mulburry, blackberry, plum, spice, violets

98
Q

WA’s Methode Champenoise?

A

Frazer Woods - Margaret River (Wilyabrup)

Vintage/Non-Vintage: PN, Chard, Blanc de Blanc, Rose, Sparkling Shiraz

99
Q

What are the 2 flagship wines of Cullen?

A

Diana Madeline (Cab Blend)
Kevin John (Chard)

100
Q

Margaret River: Biodynamic producers

A

Cullen
McHenry Hohnen
Marri Wood

101
Q

What is the hottest appellation in Australia?

A

Swan Valley GI

102
Q

When was Swan Valley first planted?

A

1829 - Second oldest vines
For the next 150 years it was WA’s only wine region

103
Q

Where is Houghton Winery located?

A

Swan Valley, WA
184 years old, started by Jack Mann
- “Houghton White Classic/White Burgundy” (Chenin Blanc in 1937)

104
Q

Swan Valley GI: Varietals

A

Chenin Blanc
Verdelho
Shiraz
Grenache
Fortified

105
Q

Swan Valley: Climate

A

Warm Mediterranean - moderated by Indian Ocean

106
Q

Swan Valley: Whites/Reds

A

Whites - Verdelho or Chenin, simple, fresh, crisp, age for 20+ years, intense toasty flavors

Reds - Soft, easily drinkable in youth, picked very ripe, sweet fruit, lower tannins

107
Q

What/Where is the “Mandoon Estate”?

A

A prolific block of Verdelho in Swan Valley planted in 1895

108
Q

Swan Valley: Producers

A

Mandoor Estate
Jarrah Ridge
Olive Farm Wines
Sandalford Wines

109
Q

What was the first commercial wine from Margaret River?

A

Vasse Felix, 1972

110
Q

What is the most important grape in the Frankland River?

A

Riesling

111
Q

Name a Chardonnay bottling from Margaret River?

A

Leeuwin Estates Art Series

112
Q

What is Karridale known for?

A

Some of the region’s best Sauv Blanc, crisp snow be character

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